Wide Range Of Alternative Fuels Research Articles

EFFECT OF KARANJA BIODIESEL BLENDS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE

Extensive research is being conducted to create and use a wide range of alternative fuels to accommodate the world's growing energy needs. The objective of this experimental investigation was to analyze the effects of Karanja biodiesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine vis-a-vis neat diesel. Important physical parameters of Karanja oil were examined experimentally after transesterification and determined to be within acceptable limits. BTE of Karanja biodiesel blends was about 3-8% lower than diesel. For Karanja biodiesel blends, BSFC was about 2-9% higher than diesel but exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were lower. Emissions characteristics such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide were also analyzed for various tested fuels. Karanja biodiesel blends resulted in lesser CO and HC formation. Nonetheless, NOx emissions were around 10% greater than diesel. Peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and maximum rate of pressure rise versus crank angle were among the combustion characteristics parameters considered in this study. Combustion analysis revealed that for Karanja biodiesel blends heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure were lower than for neat diesel. Findings indicate that Karanja biodiesel can be considered a viable diesel engine fuel.

Automotive Hybrid Technology

In the most recent period, gasoline and diesel are still the main energy sources of the car. The new energy vehicles need to be solved in the near future. The new medium of the internal combustion engine and the alternative combustion vehicles. The medium-term scheme is to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of the hybrid vehicles. The program is pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. While new energy vehicles offer a wide range of alternative fuels for fuel-based fuels, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles that use fuel and power systems for automotive hydrogen fuel cells, but because of the current level of technological development, search for a wide range of alternative fuels, the development of closer to the market of hybrid technology, is the development of alternative energy is the most practical step. And pure electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells because of its technology is still difficult to achieve a revolutionary breakthrough, it is difficult to become the automotive industry's recent development goals. In today's social situation, the hybrid can be a better solution to fuel consumption problems and pollution problems. It will mainly introduce the advantages and feasibility of hybrid.

Testing of an Innovative Installation for Alternative Fuel Low-temperature Gasification Prior to Co-firing in Power Boilers

The paper presents results of the investigation of an innovative biomass and alternative fuel low-temperature gasification method before co-firing in industrial or power plant boilers. Gasification process takes place with use of flue gas as a gasifying agent with recirculation of resulting gas (syngas) to the boiler's combustion chamber. Industrial-size rotary gasification reactor using flue gas as a gasifying agent has been designed and successfully built in Marcel power plant in Radlin town, Poland. The construction of the reactor allows the use of a wide range of alternative fuels (biomass, industrial waste and municipal waste). The paper presents the results of the reactor tests using coniferous wood pellets as a fuel. The flue gas from coal and coke-oven gas co-firing were used as the gasifying agent. The measuring system ensures online measurements of syngas composition: CO, CO2, H2, CH4. As a result of presented gasification process a syngas with combustible components has been obtained and recirculated to the boiler's combustion chamber.Before running industrial-size installation, laboratory tests were carried out to determine usability of selected fuels to gasification process. Tests were conducted in a laboratory stand, equipped with a gasification reactor designed and constructed specifically for this purpose. The experimental stand enables the weight loss of a sample and syngas composition to be recorded. The aim of the laboratory research was to determine the usability of selected alternative fuel for indirect co-firing in power boilers and to build a knowledge base for industrial-size process.

Effect of oxygenated and paraffinic alternative diesel fuels on soot reactivity and implications on DPF regeneration

A wide range of alternative fuels has recently emerged worldwide, as a means to reduce the dependence on fossil resources and to meet the stringent energy and emissions legislations. In the diesel market, oxygenated biofuels such as biodiesel and e-diesel (low content ethanol-diesel blends) and paraffinic fuels such as those derived from Fischer-Tropsch processes (GTL) or hydro-treatment of vegetable oils (HVO) stand out as the most promising ones. A current challenge that these fuels face is their effect on loading and regeneration performance in diesel particle filters –DPFs–, an aftertreatment technique commonly adopted to abate particulate emissions. This work analyses the oxidative behavior of soot under controlled temperature-atmosphere conditions. Five fuels (conventional diesel fuel, e-diesel, HVO, GTL and conventional biodiesel) were tested in a Euro 5 automotive engine. The effect of the oxidant gas composition (oxygen content and NO2 presence) and the engine injection strategy (small modifications around the original manufacturer setting) were analyzed. Results revealed a greater ability of soot from paraffinic and, especially, oxygenated biofuels to be oxidized under lower temperature conditions. In particular, e-diesel soot needed the lowest temperature and its oxidation pattern was the fastest and the least sensitive to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, which makes feasible the use of exhaust gas recirculation during active regeneration. From the original injection strategy, small advances/delays and/or the presence of a fuel post-injection did not significantly alter the reactivity of soot. NO2 concentration in the exhaust gas showed no significant effect on the soot oxidation process at temperatures higher than 300°C.

Initial effects of woody biomass removal and intercropping of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) on herpetofauna in eastern north Carolina

Forests are potential sources for a wide range of alternative fuels, which could reduce dependency on fossil fuels and carbon emissions, but sustainability of producing biofuels from forests has not been well-studied. Therefore, we investigated effects of woody biomass harvest, intercropping perennial grasses, and combinations of these treatments on herpetofauna in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in a randomized and replicated field experiment in eastern North Carolina, USA. We sampled amphibians and small reptiles with drift fence arrays from April to July during 1 and 2 years after treatment establishment. We had 425 captures of 15 species of herpetofauna across the 2 sampling seasons, but did not observe large general effects of biomass removal or planting of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in pine plantations on detection, diversity, or relative abundance. However, planned contrasts indicated Simpson's index of diversity was greater in plots managed for switchgrass only compared with pine plantations during year 2, and that captures of southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris) were less common in switchgrass plots than in pine plantations intercropped with switchgrass. Neither intercropping switchgrass with pine nor removal of harvest residuals caused herpetofauna diversity or abundance of common species to differ from traditional plantation management during the first 2 years following treatment establishment. With the exception of switchgrass-only plots, which had lower herpetofauna species evenness, the potential practices we considered for biofuels production are unlikely to have short-term effects on herpetofauna relative to traditional pine management. Future research should monitor herpetofauna through succession and consider landscape-scale effects and other potential feedstock sources. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.

Impact of Alternative Fuels on the Cement Manufacturing Plant Performance: An Overview

Cement manufacturing is a high energy consuming and heavy polluting process. To reduce the energy and environmental costs cement producers are currently using a blend of alternative fuels with conventional fossil fuels. Alkaline environment, high temperature and long processing time allow cement kiln to burn a wide range of alternative fuels including waste and hazardous materials. This paper summarizes and reviews literatures on the usage of different types of alternative fuel and their impacts on the plant performance. The past research suggests that the maximum benefit can be derived by using an appropriate blend of different types of alternative fuels together with fossil fuels. However, the studies on quantification of appropriate mixing ratio of different alternative fuels to increase the plant performance are scant. Further study is required to determine the correct blending ratios. This literature review is focused on the relationship between performance and blending of different alternative fuels used by leading cement manufacturing groups.

Steam boilers as magazines of explosive energy

The paper presents results of the investigation of an innovative biomass and alternative fuel low-temperature gasification method before co-firing in industrial or power plant boilers. Gasification process takes place with use of flue gas as a gasifying agent with recirculation of resulting gas (syngas) to the boiler's combustion chamber. Industrial-size rotary gasification reactor using flue gas as a gasifying agent has been designed and successfully built in Marcel power plant in Radlin town, Poland. The construction of the reactor allows the use of a wide range of alternative fuels (biomass, industrial waste and municipal waste). The paper presents the results of the reactor tests using coniferous wood pellets as a fuel. The flue gas from coal and coke-oven gas co-firing were used as the gasifying agent. The measuring system ensures online measurements of syngas composition: CO, CO2, H2, CH4. As a result of presented gasification process a syngas with combustible components has been obtained and recirculated to the boiler's combustion chamber.Before running industrial-size installation, laboratory tests were carried out to determine usability of selected fuels to gasification process. Tests were conducted in a laboratory stand, equipped with a gasification reactor designed and constructed specifically for this purpose. The experimental stand enables the weight loss of a sample and syngas composition to be recorded. The aim of the laboratory research was to determine the usability of selected alternative fuel for indirect co-firing in power boilers and to build a knowledge base for industrial-size process.