Wide Range Of Advanced Materials Research Articles

Post‐polymerization modification of aromatic polyimides via Diels‐Alder cycloaddition

AbstractWe report a facile post‐polymerization modification route to functionalized aromatic polyimides via Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. Aromatic polyimides are important, versatile high‐performance polymers; however, their structural diversity is restricted by the requirements of the step‐growth polymerization. We prepared polyimides with alkynes in their main‐chain as macromolecular dienophiles and quantitatively grafted tetraphenylcyclopentadienone based dienes. The resulting solution‐processable, wholly aromatic polyimides show a considerable increase in surface area due to the induced conformational changes and bulky, rigid, and contorted molecular structures. The orthogonality of the reaction is exploited to insert functional groups, namely bromine and sulfonates, along the polymer backbone. In a further extension, the phenylene segments undergo cyclodehydrogenation to form nanographene segments within the polymer chains. The Diels‐Alder cycloaddition onto polyimides is therefore demonstrated to be an effective, widely applicable route to tunable high‐performance polymers with value‐added functionality and thus considerable potential in a wide range of advanced materials.

The Impact of Using Nano Self-Healing Concrete in Flexible Houses

In recent decades, modernist ideology almost lodging questions the designs of life and, approaches the building as something that can alter over time and, not harm the environment. On the other hand, a wide range of advanced materials has affected the prospects of science and technology in construction. In the same way, self-healing materials lead to the advancement of economical innovation within the field of nanotechnology. Although it has been claimed that self-healing materials a sort of Nano materials to form multidimensional values for sustainability and green buildings, the results of value creation are still insufficiently understood and taken into account in decision making. For this reason, the purpose of this project is to examine the structure of self-healing materials and their impact on the design process of green buildings. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of nanomaterial-based self-healing concrete using grounded theory, a type of qualitative study that includes environmental impacts, sustainability, and methods of use and its placement in the design of flexible houses by a type of quantitative method, a Causal-Comparative. It will be discussed and sought to determine what the future of Nano-materials and their implications for flexible architecture will be.

Functional Polymeric Materials Inspired by Geckos, Mussels, and Spider Silk

AbstractNature has developed elegant and economical strategies to produce materials that are well‐adapted to their purposes. As biology evolved to remarkable and complex designs, synthetic mimics are evolving toward new levels of complexity achieving larger combinations of properties within one material. The field of bioinspiration encompasses a wide range of advanced materials ranging from biooptics to energy materials, to biomaterials. In this paper an overview is given of selected recent developments in the field of bioinspired material design focusing on gecko‐inspired adhesives, mussel‐inspired coatings, and spider silk‐inspired biomaterials.

Precision machining of advanced materials with waterjets

Recent advances in abrasive waterjet technology have elevated to the state that it often competes on equal footing with lasers and EDM for precision machining. Under the support of a National Science Foundation SBIR Phase II grant, OMAX has developed and commercialized micro abrasive water technology that is incorporated into a MicroMAX® JetMa- chining® Center. Waterjet technology, combined both abrasive waterjet and micro abrasive waterjet technology, is capable of machining most materials from macro to micro scales for a wide range of part size and thickness. Waterjet technology has technological and manufacturing merits that cannot be matched by most existing tools. As a cold cutting tool that creates no heat-affected zone, for example, waterjet cuts much faster than wire EDM and laser when measures to minimize a heat-affected zone are taken into account. In addition, waterjet is material independent; it cuts materials that cannot be cut or are difficult to cut otherwise. The versatility of waterjet has also demonstrated machining simulated nanomaterials with large gradients of material properties from metal, nonmetal, to anything in between. This paper presents waterjet-machined samples made of a wide range of advanced materials from macro to micro scales.

An Overview of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Systems for Tissue Engineering

Scaffolding is at the heart of tissue engineering but the number of techniques available for turning biomaterials into scaffolds displaying the features required for a tissue engineering application is somewhat limited. Inverted colloidal crystals (ICCs) are inverse replicas of an ordered array of monodisperse colloidal particles, which organize themselves in packed long-range crystals. The literature on ICC systems has grown enormously in the past 20 years, driven by the need to find organized macroporous structures. Although replicating the structure of packed colloidal crystals (CCs) into solid structures has produced a wide range of advanced materials (e.g., photonic crystals, catalysts, and membranes) only in recent years have ICCs been evaluated as devices for medical/pharmaceutical and tissue engineering applications. The geometry, size, pore density, and interconnectivity are features of the scaffold that strongly affect the cell environment with consequences on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. ICC scaffolds are highly geometrically ordered structures with increased porosity and connectivity, which enhances oxygen and nutrient diffusion, providing optimum cellular development. In comparison to other types of scaffolds, ICCs have three major unique features: the isotropic three-dimensional environment, comprising highly uniform and size-controllable pores, and the presence of windows connecting adjacent pores. Thus far, this is the only technique that guarantees these features with a long-range order, between a few nanometers and thousands of micrometers. In this review, we present the current development status of ICC scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Pressure driven spinning: A multifaceted approach for preparing nanoscaled functionalized fibers, scaffolds, and membranes with advanced materials

Electrospinning, a flexible jet-based fiber, scaffold, and membrane fabrication approach, has been elucidated as having significance to the heath sciences. Its capabilities have been most impressive as it possesses the ability to spin composite fibers ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale. Nonetheless, electrospinning has limitations and hazards, negating its wider exploration, for example, the inability to handle highly conducting suspensions, to its hazardous high voltage. Hence, to date electrospinning has undergone an exhaustive research regime to a point of cliché. Thus, in the work reported herein we unveil a competing technique to electrospinning, which has overcome the above limitations and hazards yet comparable in capabilities. The fiber preparation approach unearthed herein is referred to as "pressure driven spinning (PDS)." The driving mechanism exploited in this fiber spinning process is the pressurized by-pass flow. This mechanism allows the drawing of either micro- or nanosized fibers while processing polymeric suspensions containing a wide range of advanced materials spanning structural, functional, and biological entities. Similar to electrospinning if the collection time of these continuous formed fibers is varied, composite scaffolds and membranes are generated. In keeping with our interests, multicompositional structural entities such as these could have several applications in biology and medicine, for example, ranging from the development of three-dimensional cultures (including disease models) to the development of synthetic tissues and organ structures to advanced approaches for controlled and targeted therapeutics.

From atoms to dendrites

Dendritic microstructures control the properties of a wide range of advanced materials ranging from nickel-based superalloys used in turbine blades to lightweight aluminum-based alloys for the automotive industry. This article reviews recent progress in quantitative modeling dendritic growth through the combination of state-of-the-art atomistic and phase field simulations. Also shown is how the combination of these two distinct length-scale modeling approaches can yield a parameter-free prediction of the dendrite growth velocity as a function of undercooling for deeply undercooled nickel melts.

Colloidal crystals as templates for porous materials

Close-packed colloidal crystals are promising precursors for novel materials, but only after appropriate methods are developed to fix their structure. A wide range of advanced materials has recently been synthesized by replicating the structure of colloidal crystals into durable solid matrices. Such materials with structured pores have promise as photonic crystals, catalysts, and membranes, and in a variety of other applications. This paper reviews the methods used in the formation of these materials and likely future trends in the field.