Wide Distribution Network Research Articles

PENENTUAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN HASIL TEMBAKAU DI TENGAH NAIKNYA TARIF CUKAI DAN PEREDARAN ROKOK ILEGAL

The tobacco products industry in Indonesia is facing two big challenges: increasing excise rates and the circulation of illegal cigarettes. An increase in excise rates increases cigarette prices and can reduce demand. On the other hand, illegal cigarettes offer cheaper prices and are competitors to legal products. CV Gagak Hitam is a cigarette company that was founded in 2004 and is still running the tobacco products industry in the form of hand-rolled kretek cigarettes (SKT) and machine-made kretek cigarettes (SKM) amidst rising excise rates and the circulation of illegal cigarettes. This research focuses on determining marketing strategies for tobacco products at CV. Black Crow uses SWOT analysis. The analysis results show that CV. Black Crow has several strengths, such as a strong brand, wide distribution network, and consumer loyalty. However, CV Gagak Hitam also has several weaknesses, such as high prices and a negative image of tobacco products related to health. Opportunities that can be utilized by CV. Black Crow is increasing public awareness of health and the development of digital technology. The threats facing this industry are increasing excise rates, the circulation of illegal cigarettes, and increasingly stringent government regulations. Marketing strategies that can be implemented by CV. Gagak Hitam in the midst of this situation is developing innovative products at competitive prices, strengthening brand image and increasing consumer awareness, utilizing digital technology to reach consumers and increase marketing efficiency, as well as working with the government to overcome the circulation of illegal cigarettes. Keywords: tobacco products; excise rates; illegal cigarettes; marketing strategy swot analysis.

360-degree Strategy for TV Broadcasters in New Media Era: TRT Case Research

Television broadcasting develops new forms of distribution with the technological developments. With the inclusion of online opportunities in distribution, new strategies gain importance and current broadcasting activities require a 360-degree strategy. Broadcasters continue to operate on multiple platforms and adopt a 360-degree strategy in order to adapt to changing conditions. This study aims to reveal the activities and broadcasting strategies of the Turkish public service broadcaster TRT in the changing conditions of the sector. The importance of the study is to determine the impact of technological developments on the broadcasting industry. The literature review section analyses the 360-degree strategy and transformation of public service broadcasters with online distribution. Based on the previous studies in the literature, the public service broadcaster TRT from Turkey was taken as a sample. The case research method was used to study the TRT sample. Categories of broadcast distribution formats were created within the framework of the defined 360-degree strategy, and TRT's broadcasting activities were examined under these categories. The most general result obtained as a result of the research is that TRT broadcasts in a wide distribution network and uses on-demand services at a high rate.

Juul Labs: Guilty by Association?

The protagonist, the CEO of Juul Labs (Juul), an e-cigarette company founded to help smokers quit cigarettes, is trying to negotiate a merger with Philip Morris International (PMI), the behemoth tobacco company, in the face of bad press about e-cigarettes and Juul in particular. If Juul and PMI merge, Juul would have access to PMI's wide distribution network, a necessity for expanding into international developed markets. Although intended for adults, Juul had become popular with teens, especially middle and high schoolers, causing a spike in youth nicotine addiction. As a result, Juul and other e-cigarette brands faced heavy scrutiny and legislative regulation from government agencies. Juul had modified its marketing strategy and complied with government orders in an attempt to reduce the accessibility and popularity of Juuls to minors, but still faced public and governmental criticism that threatened to jettison the merger. As an ex-smoker, the protagonist strongly supports e-cigarettes as a means to end cigarette use, and thus believes in Juul's purpose. Yet there is no denying that e-cigarette use (particularly the use of flavored e-cigarettes) has led many teens to vape. Because of the attacks from legislators and the media, however, PMI had reservations about doing business with Juul. But despite its efforts to address the problem including support of raising the legal nicotine use age from 18 to 21the protagonist wonders if the company had done enough. What other changes could be enacted at Juul? Did taking part in the battle against teen nicotine addiction make up for the fact that Juul practically initiated this particular nicotine epidemic? What other efforts could could prove Juul's intention to help adult cigarette smokers and to redeem Juul's reputation in the eyes of both the public and the government? Finally, was there any way to salvage Juul's pending merger with PMI? Excerpt UVA-E-0471 Feb. 11, 2021 Juul Labs: Guilty by Association? You and your assistant, Ken Bishop, were leaving the room after a long meeting with executives of Philip Morris International (PMI). Hours of negotiating had led nowhere: you and your legal representatives were unable to reach an agreement with PMI, putting the potential merger between PMI and Juul Labs (Juul), your company, on hold for the time being. The recent slew of bad press made the executives at PMI hesitant about associating with Juul. As CEO of Juul, you had been facing increasing pressure and criticism from the media, advocacy groups, the government, and society in general about your company and product. Juul was a San Francisco based e-cigarette company founded to help smokers quit smoking cigarettes. Despite being a product for smoking adults, Juuls had recently became a sensation among nonsmoking teens, especially middle and high schoolers, causing a spike in youth nicotine addiction. Juul and other e-cigarette brands were being heavily researched by government agencies, regulated by legislation, and banned from schools. . . .

Spatial market integration in the era of high food prices. A case of surplus and deficit maize markets in Kenya

ABSTRACTKenya, like most countries in the East Africa Region, has continued to be beleaguered by unabated high and volatile food prices. The government, in an effort to counter these challenges, has instituted various policies aimed at reversing the situation. This paper is aimed at examining spatial maize market integration in the presence of non-constant transaction costs and policies implemented. Findings indicate that market pairs close to each other were integrated, had a lower transaction cost and the price differential across markets were quickly corrected compared to markets further apart. Evaluation of the effects of policies on market integration shows the implementation of policies resulted in market distortion. The price difference between surplus and deficit markets were not corrected hence equilibrium was not achieved. When markets are poorly integrated, the price mechanism does not work and price signals cannot be transmitted thus allowing for efficient exchange of food products across spatial markets.To reduce transaction costs in the maize sector, the government should improve the road infrastructure connecting production areas with the markets and between markets. Harmonisation of the local government levies imposed on maize traversing different local municipalities will help reduce transaction costs. On the fertiliser subsidy, the government needs to collaborate with the private sector as it has a wide distribution network countrywide. This will ensure accessibility of the fertiliser by farmers in remote areas. Market forces should guide participation of the marketing board in the maize market. The board should not succumb to political pressure by purchasing maize at a higher price than the market prices.

Internet of Things: Vision, Applications and Challenges

Internet of Things (IoT) being a powerful integration of radio-frequency identification (RFID), sensor and wireless devices, has given a challenging yet powerful opportunity to shape the existing systems thereby making them intelligent. Abounding applications are developed in the recent years. Millions of physical objects are expected to be connected to form a system creating wide distribution network inferencing meaningful deductions from raw data.This survey paper is an effort to describe IoT along with its vision, possible application domains and key challenges faced in making IoT a reality. This paper presents current state-of-art of IoT in a systematic manner.

Dari Desentralisasi Jaringan ke [De]sentralisasi Kuasa: Dinamika, Kekuatan dan Pukulan Balik

Power works in a network where each actor in it is always in a position of power to run and run. Power can not be owned, but circulated, disseminated each other, and exchanged in a wide distribution network. Each of these actors want to remain in the circulation of inter-and intra network so as to follow the current is to survive. Decentralization efforts the network has changed the balance of political power. However, forms of social network communication technology today, although it has tremendous value to be used as power and political consolidation, also risk a backlash. Decentralized system that exists today, in some ways has a crack and centralized, in some aspects still looks centralized: they are too vulnerable to state retaliation and control.

Vertical Brand Extension at Vinamilk, Vietnam

This case study illustrates the role of marketing instruments on the success of a vertical brand extension executed by a leading dairy company in Vietnam — Vinamilk. In 2011, the company launched a fortified liquid milk line as a step-down vertical brand extension from its previous and more premium line — 100% fresh milk. The key issue in the study is to understand how Vinamilk used marketing communication and distancing techniques (or differentiation tactics) to influence the performance of the vertical brand extension. The case findings show that despite quite serious cannibalization on the core brand, the vertical brand extension at Vinamilk was deemed a successful launch. The success was attributable to marketing communication that was rooted in profound consumer understanding — the right product offered to the right target at the right price supported with heavy consumer pull and trade push marketing. Vinamilk’s strong umbrella brand and wide distribution network also contributed to the successful launch. The most serious challenge was cannibalization on the previous premium product line — Vinamilk 100% fresh milk. As Vietnamese consumers grew wealthier and more sophisticated, non-reconstituted, fresh milk would likely become the biggest seller in the future, a sector Vinamilk could not afford to lose. Competition in this premium market was already heating up, requiring the company to strengthen this product line. For longer term strategy, Vinamilk had been forced to revisit its liquid milk product portfolio. A more clearly defined role for each product line along with effective differentiation would be required.

Present and Active: Digital Publishing in a Post-print Age

Digital publishing is changing the way in which research, particularly in the humanities, is being undertaken and it offers a range of transformative possibilities and challenges to traditional disciplines and to the nature of the printed text. The technical manipulation of information and the construction of new content that can be customised, modified, disseminated, and accessed within a global, distributed network provide new opportunities for the humanities researcher. As a way of illustrating our argument, we discuss the Children's Literature Digital Resources (CLDR) project, with with we are involved, and explore a range of emerging new media and their impact on research in the humanities and education.

Revealingly odd couples.

A large organism such as a human being is composed of a staggering number of small factories (cells), each one producing a complete set of the macromolecular assemblies required for life. Most of these assemblies are needed throughout the body, but rather than establish a few high-capacity factories and a wide distribution network, organisms choose to make almost everything locally and distribute it over only minuscule distances, rarely more than a few tens of microns. Evidently transport is more expensive than massively redundant manufacturing capability. Is that why cells evolved so many different kinds of motors (≈100 in a typical cell), so that each may be tuned for performance in a small number of highly specialized tasks (1)? Whatever the reason, biological motors are numerous and diverse. The few features that motors have in common therefore attract attention from biologists fascinated by these remarkable machines. One intriguing common feature (2) is that most biological motors are “two-headed” molecules (see Fig. 1), homodimeric proteins with two identical globular “heads” (“core motor domains” responsible for generating motion), held together by two entwined “tails” (long α-helices in a coiled-coil that terminates in a cargo attachment site). Although speculations abound, a convincing explanation for the functional significance of two-headedness is still missing. A major current thrust in the study of motility is to understand whether the two heads act independently or together, sequentially or simultaneously, undergoing the same or different structural transitions. In a recent issue of PNAS, a paper by Kaseda et al. (3) demonstrates a new, elegantly simple strategy for investigating these issues and provides some puzzling results that starkly reveal how little we know about even the most common biological motors. Fig 1. The core motor domains (“heads”) and part of the “necks” (the two vertically oriented α-helices) of dimeric rat kinesin, from …