Wide Compass Research Articles

Humanoid: Max

Abstract: Nowadays there are many assistants like Google voice assistant , Alexa…etc. Humanoid assistant is a assistant which move freely with you while assisting in your daily task such as informing you about today’s weather. We have deeply studied some of the best research papers on Robotic, Machine learning and some very necessities of AutoML, so in order to get to a conclusion of what works the best for us. We have also studied about many other research papers on voice assistant as to how to create a basic voice assistant. The main idea behind this project is to make a bot which can move freely that can assist you in day-to-day tasks. It will respond and talk to you like your own friend. It will also work as your personal house assistant. In this project we have basically worked on robotics. The aim of our project is to make a virtual Voice Assistant bot. The main motive is to first design the Humanoid and then program the features using our knowledge of programming. The working is based on Arduino microcontroller and Raspberry Pi microprocessor. The code is simulated on software (IDE) and later we interfaced with the hardware. We picked this as our design as robotics has come a long way and has become a part of our everyday life and also has a wide compass in the engineering field. For us the main task was to make such a model such a model in an similar a way, where the tasks are performed in an automated way so as to save time and costs.

Variation in the β-endorphin, oxytocin, and dopamine receptor genes is associated with different dimensions of human sociality

There is growing evidence that the number and quality of social relationships have substantial impacts on health, well-being, and longevity, and, at least in animals, on reproductive fitness. Although it is widely recognized that these outcomes are mediated by a number of neuropeptides, the roles these play remain debated. We suggest that an overemphasis on one neuropeptide (oxytocin), combined with a failure to distinguish between different social domains, has obscured the complexity involved. We use variation in 33 SNPs for the receptor genes for six well-known social neuropeptides in relation to three separate domains of sociality (social disposition, dyadic relationships, and social networks) to show that three neuropeptides (β-endorphin, oxytocin, and dopamine) play particularly important roles, with each being associated predominantly with a different social domain. However, endorphins and dopamine have a much wider compass than oxytocin (whose effects are confined to romantic/reproductive relationships and often do not survive control for other neuropeptides). In contrast, vasopressin, serotonin, and testosterone play only limited roles.

A Comparison of the First Three Flute Lessons with Beginner and Intermediate-advanced Level Flute Students

In flute education there is a wide compass of learning goals. A variety of methods are used to achieve these goals. The consistency of these methods with the learner's age, level, character and cultural background qualities is of utmost importance. Therefore, the flute teacher needs to be qualified in guiding the learners of different qualities through the methods. As an example, a flute teacher is the music notation instructor of a kid-learner however; for a learner of higher level and age, he/she has the conductor role with a great command of music styles. The aim of this paper is to make suggestions of some consistent methods to achieve learning goals of different levels in flute education and spotlight some significant qualities that a flute teacher must work on. The paper is based upon a recorded past experience with two diverse cases: first three flute lessons with a kid-beginner and an adult intermediate-advanced. A matrix of learning goals including both cases is given in the paper. The successful methods applied for achieving the learning goals in the two cases are explained, matched and compared in order to highlight a conclusive overview to the qualities of the flute teacher.

Newspaper Competition and Public Spheres in New Hampshire in the Early Revolutionary Period

This monograph is a case study of newspaper competition in New Hampshire between the province's official newspaper and an upstart Whig challenger in the period marked by contention over the Stamp Act (1765-1766) and over the tight oligarchical reign of the Wentworth family. The case study is grounded in the civic republican tradition articulated by Bernard Bailyn and Gordon Wood as well as the revisionist scholarship since the 1960s that takes the role of the “little people” seriously. It maintains that the competition between the two newspapers contributed to, and opened up, the public spaces in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to a wider compass than might have been predicted if one follows the standard Habermasian argument for the develop of a bourgeois public sphere. In part, these more diverse public spheres grew out of a staple of ritualized communication in the form of effigy demonstration reports and stamp master resignation speeches at both the local and intercolonial levels. The paper traces the provenance of these reports to the rough music of the colonists' English ancestors so beautifully articulated by E.P. Thompson. The Whig challenger also championed a rollicking and irreverent, rhetorical epistolary form that involved status reversals and mocked deference in a highly amusing, yet serious, manner.

‘AL GIOCO SI CONOSCE IL GALANTUOMO’: ARTIFICE, HUMOUR AND PLAY IN THE ENIGMI MUSICALI OF DON LODOVICO AGOSTINI

In 1571 and 1581, the Ferrarese cleric-musician Don Lodovico Agostini published two books each containing, amongst other pieces, a group of madrigals cryptically notated as musical puzzles, advertised as enigmi musicali on their title pages. The enigmi are aptly named; no doubt the composer would have delighted in the doppiosenso, or double entendre, inherent in the term, for they are musical riddles in both a formal and a metaphorical sense. Their content and their very existence in print pose an intriguing array of questions beyond the obvious enquiries regarding the identifying characteristics of the genre and the identity of their composer. Certainly, the enigmi musicali invite speculation about the nature of music as a pastime in late sixteenth-century courtly Italy. Agostini's enigmi musicali are secular, polyphonic vocal works, but they cannot be classed simply as madrigals, nor are they representative of so-called lighter genres of villanelle or canzonette. They exist somewhere on the fringe of the repertoire, with a specific character that reaches in towards the (to us) more familiar forms of Italian secular music, but that also reaches out to and overlaps with other spheres of play and philosophical engagement. So where may the enigmi be placed within the wider compass of early modern social recreation, and what factors might have motivated their composition and their use? Furthermore, if we accept them as evidence of some sort of collective diversion, how are they intended to amuse – are they humorous or cerebral, or both?

The IMF on Policies Responding to Demographic Change

In its semiannual report World Economic Outlook, the International Monetary Fund presents its analysis of major economic policy issues and assessment of economic prospects, along with more detailed treatment of a selected current topic. The special topic in the 300‐page report published in September 2004 is “The Global Demographic Transition,” treated in Chapter III of the document. An excerpt from the section of that chapter titled “Policies to Meet the Challenges of Global Demographic Change” is reproduced below with the permission of the IMF. Footnotes and the figure included in the excerpt have been renumbered.The title of Chapter III is “How Will Demographic Change Affect the Global Economy?” The tone of the discussion is set by the opening epigraph, a quotation from the UK's 1949 Report of the Royal Commission on Population: “It seems possible that a society in which the proportion of young people is diminishing will become dangerously unprogressive, falling behind other communities not only in technical efficiency and economic welfare, but in intellectual and artistic achievement as well.” Accordingly, the focus of the analysis, like that of the commentary by US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan reprinted in the preceding Document item in this issue, is on the consequences of population aging and on the desirable policy responses to that process. The discussion broadly parallels Greenspan's but with a wider compass, including some consideration of the effects of aging in developing countries. It emphasizes the need for counteracting adverse effects of demographic change through a combination of policy measures, since “the size of the reforms” (such as increasing labor force participation, inducing later retirement, and attracting more immigrants) “that would be needed in any single area [is] sufficiently large that they would be politically and economically difficult to achieve.”

Politics and the art of suffering in Hölderlin and Nietzsche

This paper develops an analysis of the relationship between politics and suffering in the writings of Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900). Both thinkers uphold the tragic idea of suffering as a crucible in which the uniquely human powers of self-creation – having reached, apparently, their lowest point – are revealed in all of their grand majesty. Yet they diverge dramatically when it comes to working out the political implications of this idea. Whereas Hölderlin deploys the tragic revaluation of suffering on behalf of democracy, Nietzsche deploys this same revaluation against democracy. My argument suggests that the differences between Hölderlin and Nietzsche refer more to their different points in the development of the modern age than to any substantive difference in the structure of their thinking, and that unearthing Nietzsche’s origins in Hölderlin enables us to retrieve the wider compass of the idea of suffering on which Nietzsche relies in developing his critique of modern democratic politics, and so also a wider compass for settling some of the debates that have arisen around his political thought.

Information, Water, and Conflict: Exploring the Linkages in the Middle East

ABSTRACT Solutions to water-related problems must begin and end with good information (“information” as used herein includes raw and processed data). The gathering of information, its quality, comparability. and management, who controls and distributes it, how it is used, by whom, and toward what ends are potent determinants of the well-being of individuals and nations. Flowing water carries within itself its own information, and because watercourses tend to be very dynamic systems, wafer data are consequently almost always in one degree or another estimates, extrapolations, and, sometimes, even speculation. Such data are generated from a wide variety of measurements and technologies; the degree of accuracy is determined by an equally wide compass o/factors. Using the Middle East as an example, this study analyzes these issues, the importance of historical and current data, information and data collection technologies, distributed data networks and GIS, the relationship between information and conflict, and argues the necessity for establishing a regional nexus of distributed water information systems, offering a specific model based on new relational software.

A Swift Coming of Age: History of Medieval Women

A Swift Coming of Age: History of Medieval Women Dyan Elliott. Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1993. pp. xv + 375. ISBN 0-691-08649-4. Barbara A. Hanawalt. Growing Up in Medieval London: The Experience of Childhood in History. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. pp. xvii + 300. ISBN 0-19-508405-5. John Hine Mundy. Men and Women at Toulouse in the Age of the Cathars. Study and Texts 101. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990. pp. xüi + 235. ISBN 0-88844-101-0. Elizabeth Alvilda Petroff. Body and Soul: Essays on Medieval Women and Mysticism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. pp. xii + 235. ISBN 0-19-508454-3. Charity Cannon Willard, ed. The Writings of Christine de Pizan. New York: Persea Books, 1994. pp. xv + 384. ISBN 0-89255-188-7 (pb). Susan Mosher Stuard This selection from the newest scholarship on medieval women and their world illustrates trends in scholarship and publication in the field. Two studies, John Hine Mundy's on medieval Toulouse and Barbara A. Hanawalt's on medieval London, rely primarily on unpubUshed legal records and charters or the "documents of practice" that in the past few decades have yielded so much previously unsuspected information about women, gender, and family. Similarly Dyan Elliott's study of ceübate marriage in the Middle Ages reties on published and unpubUshed theological and church records which, although better known to scholars than the "documents of practice," have been put to new and unanticipated uses by the author. Elizabeth Alvilda Petroff's essays on medieval women and mysticism and Charity Cannon Ward's selection of Christine de Pizan's writing are no less archival and they, too, bring basic new information about women and about the Middle Ages to readers. For this reason the five works under review suggest that scholarship on medieval women is stiU in its initial stages, and that the task of scholars today remains a primary one of gathering and sorting information. Charity Ward admits candidly that the wide selection of Christine's writings which appear in the volume in translation are only a small part of the author's oeuvre, and that they were chosen to help readers discover the wide compass of Christine's Uterary interests (p. xiü). This theme of dis- © 1996 Journal of Women's History, Vol. 8 No. 3 (Fall) 1996 Review Essay: Susan Mosher Stuard 229 covery is echoed by Elizabeth Petroff when she notes that not until 1946 was the author of the Mirror of Simple Souls identified as the Margaret Porete who had been burned at the stake in 1310, and only in 1965 was a modern scholarly edition of Margaret's mystical writing made available to scholars (p. 15). Scholarship on medieval women still promises a journey of discovery ; as a field of historical investigation it is only in its infancy. Nevertheless , it also faces demands to behave like any established field where most basic information is available to interpreters. In order to answer complex questions about women, the family, and the the always problematic construction of gender, medievaUsts must be quick off the mark to adopt an interpretively complex and authoritative voice. Thus the authors of these volumes place women in coherent traditions of urban studies, social or reügious history, or medieval and renaissance literary studies. These areas of study respond to their own internal debates, at times interpreting women's history in the context of historical revision or of modern deconstructionist theory. Indeed, three generations of scholarship appear to have been squeezed into a couple of recent decades. An early generation uncovering information, a succeeding generation interpreting that information, and a subsequent generation refining, chaUenging, and deconstructing the interpretation , have been collapsed into a single scholarly effort. Perhaps we should be surprised that it can be done at all, much less that it is done weU. It is done well here; but in this field where no infancy or time to mature has been aUowed we should at least acknowledge that the task of scholars is formidable. Often this telescoping of the investigations of medieval women leads...

The Language of all the Earth Confounded, or, Directional Pluralism

In the following I offer several comments on a recent discussion by Sander Griffioen and Richard Mouw on modern pluralism. Pluralisms and Horizons (Mouw & Griffioen, 1993) is a deceptively small book of wide compass, which for three reasons makes interesting reading. First, the authors have much to say on one of the current hot-items in Western civilization: pluralism. Second, they take their point of departure in Christian philosophy, and more specifically in the Reformed tradition. And third, they unite a principled stance based on Christian faith with an openminded readiness to seriously take issue with many different points of view. Their book is in my opinion worth reading merely as an exemplary exercise in intellectual tolerance. The following offers, then, for what it is worth, a short and limited critique of some aspects of Pluralisms and Horizons. Since I am especially interested in the history of Christian thought, and since Philosophia Reformata is historically and philosophically rooted in the Reformed tradition, my criticism will particularly centre on Calvinist (or, if you will, Calvinian) thought. I have two specific objections to the views put forward by Mouw and Griffioen. Both are connected with the idea of “directional pluralism” upon which the authors elaborate; both centre on my contention that the authors fail to appreciate the nature of modern (Dutch) culture.

The judiciary: what role in health improvement?

The wide compass of health touches the law at many points. The law of negligence, for example, encourages careful conduct where the pub? lic's health and safety are at stake. Medical malpractice and products liability bring courts face to face with the behavior of doctors, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies. Courts are called upon to correct un? healthy conditions in prisons and mental hospitals. They restrict poten? tially dangerous uses of real property through the law of nuisance. Even contracts involve the court in health issues. Most law students begin their study of contracts with the case of Hawkins v. McGee. There, a doctor guaranteed to restore his patient's burned hand to 100 percent perfection through the new technique of skin grafting. Unfortunately, Dr. McGee grafted skin from the patient's chest and produced a hairy hand instead. Hawkins recovered the differ? ence in value between a perfect hand and a hairy hand, an amount set by the jury. The hapless doctor also lost his suit against his insurer. The insurer had agreed to cover only medical mistakes, not broken promises.

Mean residence times in steady-flow and some non-flow systems

WHEN an incompressible fluid flows at a constant rate through a constant-volume system, the mean residence time of the fluid elements is equal to the ratio of the volume to the volumetric flow-rate and does not depend on the nature of the flow pattern. This possibly surprising result is of value in several branches of science and technology: it was brought to the attention of chemical engineers by Danckwerts, and is associated in the biological literature with Stewart and Hamilton2,3. Early proofs assume that the fluid, having entered the system, may leave only through the exit and, having left, cannot return. Such a system is said by chemical engineers to be closed. Gibilaro has recently found4,5 that the mean residence time in a region of a flow system is the ratio of the volume of that region to the volumetric flow-rate through the entire system. The new result differs from the previous one in that fluid may pass through the region several times, or not at all, before leaving the system, and in that the region may be connected to the system in any way. Residence time is counted as the total time a molecule spends in the region before ultimately leaving the system, and the average is taken over all molecules entering the system, including those which never enter the region. Gibilaro also emphasised the diversity of possible applications: the mean residence time is of interest in the study of continuous chemical reactors, respiratory systems, rivers and so on. Washout experiments are used in biological studies6 but rarely in engineering. In a washout test, tracer is added continuously to the feed stream until steady conditions prevail. Tracer flow is then stopped; the inventory of tracer in the system recorded as a function of time is the washout function. This is related to the residence-time density and distribution functions of closed systems7 and may also be used in studies of non-closed (open) systems8. Here we show how the washout-function idea may be used as the basis of a mean-residence-time theorem of the same type as Gibilaro's but of wider compass: it can apply to non-flow, as well as continuous-flow systems.

English Arbitration Practice

is a term of wide compass. In addition to its primary meaning of adjudication, it is often used where conciliation would be more appropriate. This ambiguity is particularly marked in the field of employment and industrial relations; the Civil Service Arbitration Tribunal, for example, like the recently superseded National Arbitration Tribunal, is principally concerned with fixing rates of pay. Arbitration of this kind is entirely outside the scope of this article. In its more restricted sense, arbitration in English law covers three types of extra-judicial adjudication. Arbitration proceedings may arise (i) from an arbitration agreement (or submission) voluntarily entered into by the parties; (2) from an order of the court compelling the parties to settle their dispute by arbitration, e.g., a reference from a High Court judge to an Official Referee; and (3) from statutory provisions, such as are commonly found in enactments dealing with housing, town and country planning, land, building, rating, health and nationalization. Although much of what follows would apply to compulsory arbitration by order of court and to statutory arbitration under act of Parliament, this article purports to deal only with voluntary arbitration, and in particular with arbitration in the field of commerce.1

The Musical Training of the Pearl Poet

In the fourteenth century all good Englishmen were singers. How large a part music played in the life of the time is apparent in Chaucer, who, as Burney remarks, ‘never loses an opportunity of describing or alluding to its general use, and of bestowing it as an accomplishment upon the pilgrims, heroes, and heroines of his several poems.’ The carved figures in the minstrels' gallery at Exeter Cathedral and the Angel Choir of Lincoln are lasting memorials to the universal popularity of music in that day. While the cleric devoted himself to the music that lent beauty to the services of the church, the layman delighted in the music of the banquet, the battle, and the chase. Edward III. himself kept a band of household minstrels that included ‘trompeters, cytelers, pypers, tabrete, mabrers, clarions, fedelers, wayghtes.’ Le Art de Venerie, written by Twici, huntsman to Edward II., reveals a highly developed hunting music, and the martial music is mentioned by Chaucer in the Knight's Tale (A. 2511–12):Pypes, trompes, nakers, clariounes,That in the bataille blowen blody sounes.Born into such a world as this, the poet of Pearl and Sir Gawain bore the deep impress of the popular taste. His own taste was of wide compass, and included an appreciation of instrumental and vocal, secular and ecclesiastical music.

Report of the Commissiioner of Education in the United States for the Year 1882–831

IT is impossible to read the account which the United States Bureau of Education, in the opening pages of this Report for 1882–83, gives of itself and of its labours, without being convinced of the value of the matter therein contained. A total of over 10,000 institutions of education of various kinds are in correspondence with, and supply information to, the department. An idea of the work also which falls to it may be formed from the fact that some questions addressed to it have necessitated months of research by several clerks, while the labour which its publications have entailed, as well as the value placed upon them, are shown by the fact that one of them was asked for by 10,000 persons of different addresses. Since all is voluntary, the Bureau claims to work the most complete system of the kind in existence. The wide compass of its survey is indicated by the very full account given, among other foreign intelligence, of the Report of the English Commission on Technical Education. Besides itself circulating through the world 20,000 copies of its Report, the office is require dto print 18,000 copies more for the use of, and distribution by, other members of the Government. Its library—where all the items of information which it is possible to collect, down to cuttings from newspapers, are gathered together and classified—is an immense work; and we can well believe that, “if this office were put in possession of a small sum annually for the purpose, it would make effective and useful displays at exhibitions, of American education ... the most unique feature of our national life.”