WHOQOL Questionnaire Research Articles

Factors Associated to the Presence of Isthmocele Diagnosed by Pelvic Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to analyze the prevalence of isthmocele and factors associated with its onset within a cohort of women with previous history of cesarean section. A cross-sectional study with 90 women assessed from 2020 to 2022. Isthmocele was a composite variable diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or diagnostic hysteroscopy (DxHys) and were asked about clinical symptoms, sociodemographic and obstetrical history and quality of life by the WHO-QOL questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) plus 95% confidence intervals-CI) were performed to seek factors associated with the presence of isthmocele (5% significance level).The prevalence of isthmocele after combining MRI, TVUS and DxHys was 63.3% (n = 57). Women with isthmocele presented a higher body mass index (BMI) measured during delivery (32.70 ± 6.07 vs. 28.28 ± 9.86kg/m2;p < 0.05) than women without isthmocele. Other sociodemographic variables, obstetrical history and WHO-QOL subdomains did not differ between groups. Within women with isthmocele, the residual myometrial mantle had an average of 4.97 ± 1.57cm. Uterine volume was higher in the isthmocele group (103.95 vs. 81.34 cm3; p = 0.08), but with no statistical difference. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) has reported that the factors associated with isthmocele were: higher BMI during delivery (aOR = 1.26[1.07-1.49];p < 0.05); longer interpartum interval (aOR = 1.22[1.03-1.46];p = 0.02) and presence of more than two cesarean sections (aOR = 2.16[1.16-4.01];p = 0.02). We concluded that a high prevalence of isthmocele was found. Women with previous cesarean section, with higher BMI during delivery and longer interdelivery interval were risk factors for the presence of isthmocele.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS WITH DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

Introduction: Schizophrenia is an endogenous psychotic disorder, which is characterized by the presence of positive and negative symptoms that affect the normal functioning of patients and play important role in their quality of life. Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to introduce the relationship between positive and negative symptoms and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The research involved 40 randomly selected male and female respondents from 18 to 60 years of age who suffer from schizophrenia according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases – ICD 10. The instruments used are: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Scale for the quality of life (WHOQOL Questionnaire - BREF). The statistical analysis of the data was done with the SPSS software package (version 20). Results: The study showed that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between positive symptoms of schizophrenia and mental health (r= -.682, p&lt;.01), positive symptoms and social relationships (r=-.764, p&lt;.01), positive symptoms and living conditions (r=-.732, p&lt;.05). Regarding negative symptoms of schizophrenia and dimensions of quality of life, it was found that there is a statistically positive significant relationship between negative symptoms of schizophrenia and physical health (r=.833, p&lt;.01); negative symptoms of schizophrenia and mental health (r=-.752, p&lt;.05); negative symptoms of schizophrenia and social relationships (r=.831, p&lt;.01); and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and living conditions (r=.850, p&lt;.01). Conclusion: Quality of life is a broad concept that includes a person's subjective opinion regarding their physical and psychological health, social relationships and the environment. This study emphasizes that positive symptoms of schizophrenia negatively affects the dimensions of quality of life in all the above-mentioned areas.

The Influence of Cultural Heritage Status on the Quality of Life of Slum Settlement Community

Surabaya is a fast-growing city facing challenges in infrastructure development, posing a threat to cultural heritage and historic areas. The Kalimas area has been abandoned, negatively impacting the environment. Cultural heritage is valuable as it instills pride, holds significance in civilization, and can improve the quality of life (QOL). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the quality of life as an individual's perception of differences in life based on culture and the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the impact of physical conditions in slum settlements on the QOL of the community and identify the slum settlement variables that can improve residents' QOL. The study uses a quantitative approach with analytical techniques such as literature review and multiple linear regression to analyze land characteristics, socio-economic factors, and physical characteristics. QOL is measured using the WHOQOL questionnaire. The data collection methods include secondary data from the Department of Housing, Settlement Areas and Land, and Bappedalitbang of Surabaya City, as well as primary data from observations, questionnaires, and interviews with the research sample. The results indicate that slum settlement variables significantly affect four domains of QOL: physical health, psychology, environment, and social relationships. However, physical characteristics partially do not affect the psychological, environmental, and social relationship domains.

Impact of Deep Breathing Exercises and Isometric Handgrip Exercises to Improve Chest Expansion, Handgrip Strength, and Quality of Life in Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Dialysis

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its terminal stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), significantly impair patients' quality of life, necessitating lifelong dialysis or kidney transplantation. Physical exercises have been posited as beneficial adjunct therapies to improve physical functions and overall well-being in this patient population. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises on chest expansion, handgrip strength, and quality of life among patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study design, 22 participants undergoing dialysis at both governmental and private facilities in Faisalabad, Pakistan, were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants engaged in an 8-week program of deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises. Assessments of chest expansion, handgrip strength, and quality of life were conducted using measuring tapes, hand-held dynamometers, and the WHOQOL questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25, employing paired sample t-tests to compare pre- and post-intervention measurements. Results: Significant improvements were noted post-intervention, with chest expansion increasing from a mean of 1.36 ± 0.49 cm to 1.58 ± 0.10 cm (t=12.990, p&lt;0.001), right-hand grip strength from 1.00 ± 0.53 kg to 1.24 ± 0.11 kg (t=8.775, p&lt;0.001), and left-hand grip strength from 0.82 ± 0.50 kg to 1.04 ± 0.11 kg (t=7.659, p&lt;0.001). Quality of life metrics also showed significant improvements across various dimensions, including overall quality of life, health satisfaction, and physical mobility. Conclusion: The study concluded that deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises significantly enhance chest expansion, handgrip strength, and the quality of life in dialysis patients, suggesting that incorporating such exercises into routine care could be beneficial. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, dialysis, deep breathing exercises, isometric handgrip exercises, quality of life, physical therapy.

Illness-related fatigue and its association with quality of life among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional survey from Jordan

Background &amp; Aim: Fatigue is a commonly reported issue in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), often overlooked or inadequately addressed in Jordan and globally. This study aimed to assess illness-related fatigue in COPD people, its contributing factors, and its impact on their quality of life (QOL). Methods &amp; Materials: A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, recruiting 200 people from four hospitals in Jordan between April and May 2021. Participants completed Arabic versions of the self-administered Fatigue Severity Scale and the WHOQOL questionnaire. Results: The study revealed a high level of fatigue among COPD people, with an overall mean fatigue score of 5.07±0.62. Particularly noteworthy was the association between heightened fatigue levels and factors such as disease-related disability and interference with daily responsibilities. The overall mean QOL score was low (2.665±0.39), with the physical domain displaying the lowest mean score (2.6±0.47). Fatigue and QOL were significantly and negatively correlated. Conclusion: COPD people in Jordan experience substantial levels of fatigue, negatively impacting their QOL. Unfortunately, fatigue is often unnoticed in healthcare services. Addressing fatigue should be a crucial aspect of treatment plans for these people. Particularly during pandemics or service disruptions, additional attention is needed to manage fatigue among COPD people effectively. Digital health interventions may offer opportunities to enhance continuity and quality of care, especially during challenging times.

Physical Activity and Quality of Life among High School Teachers: A Closer Look

Background: Understanding the relationship between teachers’ physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL), which is impacted by work-related stress, could help develop guidelines for improvement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity on high school teachers’ quality of life and the differences in QoL and PA between male and female teachers. Methods: The sample consisted of 499 respondents (193 men and 306 women), all working in the educational system. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) was used for PA assessment, and the WHOQoL questionnaire to measure QoL. Results: Physical health and Psychological health domains were areas where male teachers scored better (p &lt; 0.01, both), while female teachers had higher scores in Social relationships domain (p &lt; 0.05). Regression analysis showed that PA affects Physical health: Sig. = 0.056; Psychological health: Sig. = 0.000; Social relationships: Sig. = 0.001; Environment: Sig. = 0.021 in men, and Physical health (Sig. = 0.009) and Psychological health (Sig. = 0.039) in women. Conclusions: The findings of this study allow us to conclude that, whereas female teachers’ PA primarily impacts their physical and psychological domain, male teachers’ PA has an impact on their overall QoL.

A cross-sectional study on quality of life of survivors of sexual assault.

Sexual assault is a grave violation of an individual's fundamental rights and has a profound impact on their physical and mental health. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the quality of life (QOL) experienced by survivors after such incidents. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the QOL of survivors of sexual assault and determine the factors that affect their physical and psychological domains. The study included 32 survivors, and data were collected using the WHO-QOL questionnaire and the modified Kuppuswamy scale. The results showed that survivors experienced poor QOL in both physical and psychological domains. Factors such as physical injuries, pregnancy following the assault, education, and psychiatric counseling significantly influenced survivors' QOL. The findings underscore the importance of routine psychiatric counseling, follow-up care for physical illnesses, rehabilitation, continuation of education and employment, and early detection of pregnancies to improve the QOL for survivors of sexual assault.

The Effect of Kang Duding Exercise on The Quality of Life in Menopausal Women

Menopause is recognized for inducing various complaints in women, including common experiences such as dizziness, fatigue, and anxiety. Physical exercise has been scientifically proven to enhance both physical and psychological performance. Regular exercise contributes to improved cardiovascular health, increased strength and endurance, reduced stress and anxiety, enhanced cognitive function, and overall well-being and quality of life. Quality of life encompasses an individual's satisfaction with various aspects of life, including the physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions. This study seeks to investigate the impact of exercise on the quality of life among menopausal women, employing an experimental design with a control group and a 12-week pre and post-test. The study involved 32 women aged 45-55 years, divided into two groups: one engaging in Kang Duding exercises (2 sessions of 60 minutes per week) and a control group without intervention. The assessment of quality of life utilized the WHO-QoL questionnaire. The results revealed a significant improvement in all domains of quality of life (QoL) among menopausal women engaging in Kang Duding exercise on physical (p=0.009), psychological (p=0.006), social (p=0.008), and environmental (p=0.029). Physical activity emerges as a key factor contributing to enhanced quality of life, operating through various mechanisms. In conclusion, this study establishes that Kang Duding exercise effectively enhances the quality of life in menopausal women. The findings underscore the significance of incorporating structured physical activity interventions to promote the overall well-being of women during the menopausal transition.

The Relationship Between The Physical Environment and Quality of Life for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a high mortality rate and can affect a person's quality of life. One of the factors determining the quality of life is the physical environment, such as temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, and PM2,5.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the relationship between the physical environment and the quality of life of type 2 DM patients at the Barombong Community Health Center, Makassar City.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This research uses a study design case-control with purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted with the WHOQol questionnaire and measuring the physical environment in 138 patients with type 2 diabetes then analyzed with the odd ratio test and logistic regression on the Stata application.&#x0D; Results: The results obtained showed a non-significant relationship for the variables humidity, lighting and PM2,5 on the quality of life of type 2 DM patients due to value-p &gt; 0.05 while the variables related to the quality of life of type 2 DM patients are house temperature (OR=4.833; 95% CI: 2.121-11.481) and noise (OR=4.723; 95% CI: 2.075-10.895) with a probability of type 2 DM with unqualified temperature and noise having a poor quality of life of 73.9%.&#x0D; Conclusion: The most significant factor that affects the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is their home temperature.

Correlation between Ankle Imaging Findings and Self-Reported Outcomes: A Longitudinal Assessment in Patients with Tibiofibular Diastasis

Background and Objectives: This longitudinal study investigated the correlation between imaging findings and self-reported questionnaire outcomes in patients with tibiofibular diastasis, exploring the effects of surgical screw removal versus conservative treatment. This study was conducted at “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Timisoara between 2018 and 2023. Materials and Methods: The study involved 85 patients in the screw removal group and 44 in the conservative group, assessed at 2 and 6 months post-surgery, answering the SF-36, HADS, and WHOQOL questionnaires. Results: Significant differences were observed at 2 months post-surgery, with the screw removal group showing lower shear wave velocities in ankle dorsiflexion (8.9 ± 1.4) and anterior talofibular ligament (2.8 ± 0.9), indicating better mobility compared to the conservative group (ankle dorsiflexion: 10.1 ± 1.8, ATFL: 3.2 ± 1.1). Radiographically, lower tibiofibular overlap (8.1 ± 2.1) in the screw removal group suggested improved joint fixation quality. These physical improvements were mirrored in the quality-of-life assessments, where the screw removal group reported higher physical health scores on the SF-36 survey at 2 months, a trend that continued at 6 months. At 2 months, ankle dorsiflexion demonstrated a strong negative correlation with the SF-36 Physical score (r = −0.417) and WHOQOL Physical domain (r = −0.394), and a positive correlation with HADS Anxiety (r = 0.312). Similarly, ATFL and CFL velocities negatively correlated with the SF-36 Physical score (ATFL: r = −0.251; CFL: r = −0.237). Radiographic tibiofibular overlap and clear space positively correlated with WHOQOL Physical domain (TOL: r = 0.291; TCS: r = 0.276), with TCS also negatively correlating with HADS Anxiety (r = −0.228). At 6 months, these correlations persisted, with notable negative correlations between ultrasound ankle dorsiflexion and both SF-36 Physical score and WHOQOL Physical domain. Conclusions: These findings underscore the advantages of screw removal in enhancing physical recovery and reducing anxiety in the short term, while indicating similar long-term mental health outcomes between treatment approaches.

Relationship between Scabies and Quality of Life in Islamic Boarding School X Surabaya

Quality of life is individual’s perception of their existence in life. A person’s quality of lide can be affected by several things, including scabies. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between scabies and the quality of life of students in one of islamic boarding school in Surabaya. This research is a cross-sectional study with primary data obtained through scabies examination and quality of life measurement using WHOQOL questionnaire. The result of this study was that there was no relationship between scabies and quality of life (p=0,057).

The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Care Partners (P14-6.010)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To provide an overview of the care partner burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and explore how burden increases with disease progression using a systematic literature review. <h3>Background:</h3> The burden of informal caregiving of people with AD is often overlooked. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A protocol was developed before searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were run in October 2021 via the Silvi.ai-platform. Eligible studies were published in English and provided data from 2010 or later. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts independently. A single reviewer conducted full-text analysis and data extraction, and a PRISMA overview was generated. Studies were quality-ranked using the Oxford quality grading scale. <h3>Results:</h3> Of 911 hits, 61 studies were relevant for data extraction. Most care partners were female. The majority of studies reported moderate-to-severe impact on care partners’ life (Zarit Burden Interview [ZBI] and the Maslach Burnout Inventory) and overall quality of life (QoL; WHO QoL Questionnaire); care partners exhibited higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety versus controls. Females had a significantly higher care partner burden versus males (Caregiver Burden Inventory [CBI]). The higher the number, frequency, and severity of symptoms affecting patients, the more intense care partner distress (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Distress Scale). Care partners of people with severe dementia due to AD reported the greatest care partner burden (short version ZBI and CBI). There was a clear correlation between hours of care giving and Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire score. The higher the score, the more hours of caregiving. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Caregiving to a person with AD is associated with emotional stress, depression, anxiety, low overall QoL, and impacted physical health. Female care partners are disproportionately affected versus males. The more severe the AD, the larger the burden. More research is required to illuminate the true health consequences for care partners of people with AD. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mrs. Hviid Hahn-Pedersen has stock in Novo Nordisk. Mr. Solís-Tarazona has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Novo Nordisk A/S. The institution of Prof. Holm-Larsen has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novo Nordisk.

A Study on Assessment of Prescription Pattern and Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract: Aim: The study aims to assess the prescription pattern and quality of life in hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study of a six- month duration was conducted. All the data were documented and analyzed based on a standard protocol and entered into Microsoft Excel. Quality of life was collected using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOOQL)-BREF Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Version 28.0.0.0. Results: A total of 174 hypertensive patients consisting of 111 males and 63 females of age group 32-88 years were included in the study. The study showed Hypertension (HTN) was commonly affected in males. It was further clarified that Stage 2 HTN was the most prevalent one. The patients have been prescribed a total of 9 categories of anti-hypertensives in which the most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensives were diuretics (66.06%) and the least prescribed were alpha (α)- blockers (1.74%) and central sympatholytic (1.74%). Quality of Life (QOL) of hypertensive patients was carried out using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The comparison shows that a high mean score is seen in the psychological domain and a low mean score is seen in the social health domain. Conclusion: The study provides an overall layout regarding the prescription pattern and QOL in hypertensive patients. The patients were administered a total of 9 categories of anti- hypertensives. From the study, it was concluded that diuretics were the most prescribed anti- hypertensive drug. The average QOL in hypertensive patients were observed more in the psychological health domain (46.19). Keywords: Hypertension, Quality of life, Prescription pattern, WHOQOL questionnaires, IBM SPSS software.

Clinico-epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Lesions in Injecting Drug Users Visiting an Oral Substitution Therapy Centre in Northern India: A Cross-Sectional study.

Drug abuse has been taking a great toll on the health and well-being of the community for the past few decades. Substance abuse can lead to several cutaneous manifestations as direct injuries by the offending drug or the practices of drug usage cause secondary damage to the skin. The early recognition of these signs is of utmost importance to prevent long-term complications. To study the clinical-epidemiological profile of the skin diseases in Injecting Drug Users (IDU) attending an Oral Substitution Therapy (OST) Center in Northern India and to assess the psychological impact of skin conditions in IDUs attending OSTs. This cross-sectional observational study involved 100 IDUs enrolled from the OST center who were subjected to brief history taking and clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of skin lesions. Dermatological quality of life index (DLQI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and WHO-quality of life (QoL) questionnaire were used to evaluate the impact of skin lesions on psycho-social health and QoL of IDUs. Cutaneous lesions ranged from track marks to severe ulcerations and scarring. Mucosal lesions also took a toll on several patients. The patients had varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and mental stress. Injecting Drug Abusers are prone to acquire skin diseases due to injury caused by drugs as well as by drug practices adopted and the degree of neglect may worsen these conditions. These cutaneous lesions hamper QoL and cause psychosocial disturbances.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pro and advanced cycling athletes: A cross-sectional study in Poland

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected different communities, yet the data on its impact on cyclists, is scarce.Material and methodsThe present study assessed the training patterns of pro and advanced amateur cycling athletes in Poland (n=130) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic season and in relation to their epidemiological situation and quality of life factors.ResultsThe volume and weekly frequency of training was not decreased during the pandemic. However, their High-Intensity Interval Trainings (weekly 31.6 vs. 37.0 min, p=0.004) and maximum weekly Training Stress Score (660 vs. 715, p=0.001) decreased. Compared to uninfected cyclists, those who contracted the SARS-CoV-2 registered a higher score in the somatic, social and environmental domain of the WHO-QoL questionnaire (56.1 vs. 50.6, p=0.024; 74.1 vs. 63.6, p=0.032 and 72.5 vs. 65.9, p=0.018, respectively); no changes were observed in the psychologic domain Change in the weekly frequency of training, volume, time spent in &gt;90% and 80-90% of HRmax (min) correlated positively only with the somatic domain of the WHO-QoL. The training pattern of cyclists who experienced death to COVID-19 among their relatives remained unaffected, but they presented a lower psychologic domain in the WHO-QoL (64.5 vs. 69.2, p=0.02).ConclusionsCycling pro and advanced amateurs maintained their volume and frequency of training but reduced its intensity during the pandemic compared to 2019. Changes were more likely to be affected by their physical status than by their psychogenic condition. The pandemic had a limited effect on the training pattern of cycling athletes.

Exercise and Gotu Kola Extract to Ameliorate Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha, Quality of Life, and Executive Function in Cognitive Impairment Women

Increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and decreasing quality of life (QoL) are associated with cognitive deterioration. Exercise and Gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) can improve memory and antiinflammation, but their combination has not yet been revealed. This study aimed to see how exercise and Gotu kola extract affected TNF-alpha, quality of life, and executive functions in women with cognitive impairment. This study used an experimental design with a control group with a 12-week pre and post-test in women with cognitive impairment. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to screen for cognitive impairment. The participants in the study were 64 women with a mean age of 53.3 (4.8) years. The subjects were divided into four groups: Gotu kola/GK extract capsule (1x500 mg/day), exercises (2x75 minutes per week), a GK-exercise combination, and the control group. The WHO-QoL questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B) was used to assess executive functions. The study found that Gotu kola might increase QoL in the physical domain (p=0.028) and environmental domain (p=0.016). Exercise and a GK-exercise combination could improve QoL: physical, psychological, social, and environmental domain (p<0.05). According to the Mann-Whitney test, the GK-exercise combination was the most helpful in enhancing TNF-alpha (Δ=-10.5; p=0.003), MoCA (∆= 4.6; p=<0.001), and TMT-B (Δ=-21.4; p=0.023). Discussion: Physical activity is one of the factors that can play a role in cognitive function through several mechanisms. To conclude, exercise, Gotu Kola, and their combination can effectively decrease inflammation and increase the quality of life and cognitive function in women with cognitive impairment. This study expected that exercise and Gotu Kola could be priority interventions in treating cognitive impairment.

GAMBARAN KUALITAS HIDUP PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE

During menopause there are physical and psychological changes that can reduce quality of life. This study aimed to identify the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Design of this study was descriptive. The subjects of this study were 33 postmenopausal women whom were collected using simple random sampling technique. Variable of this study was quality of life. Data were collected ny WHOQoL questionnaire. The data was analyzed descriptively by the percentage proportion. The results showed that in the physical domain 70% respondents had good quality of life and 30% had moderate, in the psychological domain, 52% respondents had good quality of life and 48% had moderate. In the social domain, the results showed that 73% respondents had good quality of life, 15% had very good quality of life and 12% had moderate quality of life, while in the environmental domain 73%respondents had good quality of life, 19% had very good quality of life and 8% had moderate quality of life. Recommendations for health cadres always motivate menopausal women to actively participate in physical activities such as exercise, religious activities and health counseling. Health cadres are also expected to provide information about women's health during menopause.&#x0D;

Role of Environmental Quality of Life in Physical Activity Status of Individuals with and without Physical Disabilities in Saudi Arabia.

The promotion of physical activity (PA) in various subgroups of the population such as people with physical disabilities has been spotlighted in the revised guidelines of The World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. In order to update public health interventions, there is a need to identify factors that may promote or prevent engagement in PA for special subgroups of the population. This study aims to calculate the PA levels of individuals with and without physical disabilities in Saudi Arabia, their assessment of the environmental (EQoL), and the predictive role of EQoL in PA. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the EQoL domain in standardized WHOQoL Questionnaire were administered on both groups of the population. The study sample comprised 116 individuals with physical disabilities and 243 individuals without any form of disability as a control group. A regression analysis was performed to analyze the predictors of PA in both groups. Findings showed that among the individuals with disabilities, older people were more likely to engage in PA as compared to the younger age group (p < 0.05) and males were significantly less likely to meet the PA criteria. Some of the EQoL features such as safety increased the likelihood of PA up to 2.3 times (p < 0.05) in individuals with physical disabilities. In addition, opportunities for leisure activities were a significant predictor of PA among both groups of individuals with and without physical disabilities (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that upcoming public health interventions should focus on improving various dimensions of EQoL for the promotion of physical activity among individuals with physical disabilities. Additional studies are needed to further explore various sociodemographic and environmental factors which can affect the PA status of disabled groups.

Quality of life and symptom severity in premenstrual syndrome: a quasi-experimental study

Objective: The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling on quality of life and symptom severity among university students with Premenstrual Syndrome. Method: After filling in PSST and participating in SCID-CV, 120 students answered the demographic and WHOQOL questionnaires. Using classified random sampling, they were divided into control and intervention groups. The Intervention Group participants attended six group counseling sessions. They post-tested at two moments (immediate post-test and after one month). Results: The results of the immediate post-test indicated improvements in overall quality and in some domains (p&lt;0.005) in the Intervention Group, and the second post-test showed an improvement in two of the domains (p&lt;0.005). One month later, some symptoms were clearly improved in the Intervention Group (p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: Group counseling improved the students' quality of life and severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms.

Quality of life and symptom severity in premenstrual syndrome: a quasi-experimental study

Objective: The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling on quality of life and symptom severity among university students with Premenstrual Syndrome. Method: After filling in PSST and participating in SCID-CV, 120 students answered the demographic and WHOQOL questionnaires. Using classified random sampling, they were divided into control and intervention groups. The Intervention Group participants attended six group counseling sessions. They post-tested at two moments (immediate post-test and after one month). Results: The results of the immediate post-test indicated improvements in overall quality and in some domains (p&lt;0.005) in the Intervention Group, and the second post-test showed an improvement in two of the domains (p&lt;0.005). One month later, some symptoms were clearly improved in the Intervention Group (p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: Group counseling improved the students' quality of life and severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms.