White Stripes Research Articles

Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens.

White striping (WS) is a myopathy characterized by the appearance of white stripes parallel to the muscle fibers in the breast of broiler chickens, composed of adipose and connective tissues. This condition causes economic losses and, although common, its etiology remains poorly understood. Hence, the objective was to identify genes and biological mechanisms involved in the early stages of WS using a paternal broiler line that grows slightly slower than commercial ones, at 35 days of age, through the RNA sequencing of the pectoralis major muscle. Thirty genes were differentially expressed between normal and WS-affected chickens, with 23 upregulated and 7 downregulated in the affected broilers. Of these, 14 genes are novel candidates for WS and are implicated in biological processes related to muscle development (CEPBD, DUSP8, METTL21EP, NELL2, and UBE3D), lipid metabolism (PDK4, DDIT4, FKBP5, DGAT2, LIPG, TDH, and RGCC), and collagen (COL4A5 and COL4A6). Genes related to changes in muscle fiber type and the processes of apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and differentiation are possibly involved with the initial stage of WS development. In contrast, the genes linked to lipid metabolism and collagen may have their expression altered due to the progression of the myopathy.

Sexual dimorphism and reproductive strategy of the kelp-dwelling isopod Amphoroidea typa (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae)

Abstract Sexual dimorphism and the reproductive strategy of the isopod Amphoroidea typa were examined and compared with other species from the isopod family Sphaeromatidae. We analyzed populations of A. typa occurring on the kelps Lessonia spp. and Macrocystis pyrifera at six locations on the coast of northern-central Chile. Males could be clearly distinguished from females starting at total body lengths (TL) ⩾ 14 mm, taking as criteria the presence of reproductive appendages and the development of gonopods in males. Females reached substantially larger sizes (up to 22.20 mm) than males (up to 18.25 mm), confirming the existence of sexual size dimorphism in A. typa. Although females had developed oostegites at lengths ⩾ 14 mm TL, only the largest females (⩾17 mm TL) were ovigerous. This suggests that female A. typa reproduce once before dying. At most study sites there were more adult females than males occurring on Lessonia spp., while males dominated on M. pyrifera. Some A. typa individuals had white stripes present on the dorsal part of the pereon, a colour polymorphism apparently independent of the sex of the isopods but becoming more frequent in large individuals, suggesting high predation pressure and that individuals with these stripes have higher survival rates. The results of this study confirm sexual size dimorphism in A. typa, which appears to be a semelparous species. A comparison with other sphaeromatid species indicates that the evolution of semelparity is unrelated to body size, but might be more common in species from habitats with high predation pressure.

Transforming recycled polyester/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers into dye-free and eco-friendly denim fabrics: Preparation, properties evaluation, and feasibility analysis

Conventional denim production is plagued by the issue of wastewater pollution from warp dyeing. In this investigation, recycled cotton (R-CO), virgin cotton (V-CO), and dope-dyed recycled polyester (R-PET) fibers were spun into blue/white spaced warp yarns through a dual-feed-opening rotor spinning technique. These yarns were woven with V-CO weft yarns to produce fabrics featuring the classic denim color scheme of blue and white stripes, without the need for warp dyeing and complex finishing processes. The resulting fabrics fulfilled industry standards for tensile strength (>600 N), tearing resistance (>50 N), abrasion resistance (>25000 cycles), pH (≈6.5), and formaldehyde content (<10 mg/kg). The fabrics' air/moisture permeability and wearability (including crease-resistance, flexibility, drapability, and washing size stability) were outstanding. The fabrics' light and crocking colorfastness ratings all exceed grade 4, indicating excellent performance. A rise in R-CO content resulted in the degradation of several properties. The production of the denim covered by this study was more cost-effective and environment-friendly than that of conventional denim. This research provides a paradigm for the conversion of waste textiles into value-added and eco-friendly textile products.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated apoptosis are linked with the pathogenesis of white striping in broiler breast muscles

White striping (WS) that appears as white stripes parallel to the muscle fibrils is an emerging growth-related abnormality of broiler breast meat. The pathomechanism of this defect has not been fully understood despite intensive studies over the past decade. In the present study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its associated apoptotic pathways were investigated to elucidate the potential role of these pathways in the development of WS. To this end, a total of 60 Pectoralis major (Pm) muscle samples were collected from 55-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens according to the severity of gross WS lesions (normal, mild, and severe). Histopathological and molecular analyses were conducted to evaluate the lesions and genes involved in the ER stress and related apoptosis. All the Pm samples, both with and without macroscopic WS lesions, showed varying degrees of myodegenerative lesions. Molecular analysis revealed that the transcript abundances of many components related to protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme type 1 (IRE-1) signals of the ER stress response were significantly greater in severely WS-affected breast tissues compared to their mildly affected and normal counterparts. Similarly, the transcript abundances of apoptotic markers related to both signaling pathways were significantly greater in severe WS lesions than those of mildly affected and normal Pm tissues. Besides these, a significant increase in caspase-3 transcript abundance was seen in severe WS lesions in comparison with mild WS and normal breast muscles. Findings of this study suggest that ER stress response and its related apoptotic pathways are possibly activated in the breast muscle of broiler chickens with severe WS lesions. Based on these findings, it is speculated that ER stress-mediated apoptosis occupies a central role in the progression of WS in broiler chickens.

A new species of green pitviper of the Trimeresurus macrops complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) from South Central Coastal Region of Vietnam

We describe a new species of green pitviper from southern and central parts of coastal Vietnam based on morphological and molecular (2406 bp from cyt b, ND4, and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes) lines of evidence. Trimeresurus cyanolabris sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following morphological characters: small size, maximum known SVL of 638 mm; dorsal scales in 21 (rarely 23)–21–15 rows, moderately keeled except the outermost rows; ventral scales 166–178; subcaudal scales 52–75, all paired; hemipenis forked, calyculate, reaching the 8th subcaudal; eye bright yellow in both sexes; dorsal surface deep green lacking cross-bands; postocular white stripe missing in both sexes; ventrolateral stripe faintly present on the first few dorsal scale rows in males, absent in females; throat, chin, and lower labials in shades of blue. The new species forms a distinct clade on the phylogenetic tree of the genus Trimeresurus and differs from the morphologically similar T. rubeus by a significant divergence in cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (p = 6.0%). The new species is currently known from low- to mid-elevations (ca. 90–400 m a.s.l.) in tropical forests of central-southern Vietnam. This discovery further underlines the importance of this area as a local center of herpetofaunal diversity and endemism, which is under great threat of deforestation.

Morphogenetic characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infecting white stripe disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is a major cereal crop which ensure food security to more than half of the global population. Several biotic factors impact rice grain quality and its final production. White stripe disease, caused by pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is considered among the major limiting factor for reducing rice yields and quality. Present study was performed to understand the white stripe disease, which has been frequently misdiagnosed as bacterial leaf blight (BLB) due to similar symptoms. A survey was carried out based on accessibility and farmer participation to monitor incidence and sample collection. The survey was conducted in districts Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Sheikhupura, and Hafizabad, these districts were selected for their importance for rice cultivation in Pakistan. The total sample size was around 500 leaves distributed evenly throughout each study area. The results of study indicated presence of new pathogen of rice. These isolates were biochemically identified and confirmed by gram staining negative, 3% KOH positive, 5% salt tolerance positive, oxidase test negative, catalase test positive, starch hydrolysis test negative, nitrate reductase test positive, indole test negative, lactose test positive, maltose test positive, methyl red test negative, Voges-prokauer test negative and urea hydrolysis test negative. The pathogenicity test was confirmed that pathogen and the Sialkot isolate were the most aggressive isolate among the five isolates collected form the studied areas. The molecular characterization was accomplished by PCR and sequencing. The results of the phylogenetic study indicate that this pathogen belongs to a distinct group, as it is distantly related to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This study provides important findings into a novel clade of pathogen causing white stripe disease in rice.

Evaluation Trial of IVY Gourd (Coccinia grandis L.) Varieties in Prayagraj Agro Climatic Condition

The current trial on commenced in February 2023 at the Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. This experiment employed a Random Block Design (RBD) with seven varieties replicated three times. The varieties, namely V₁ (Arka Neelachal Khunki), V₂ (Arka Neelachal Sabuja), V₃ (Local Geda), V₄ (Local Denga), V₅ (Surekha), V₆ (CHIV-8), and V₇ (CHIV-9), were assessed based on various growth, yield, and quality parameters. These parameters included vine length, petiole length, appearance of the first female flower anthesis, internode length, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield in tonnes per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, fruit shape, and colour. From the different parameters it was concluded that all the seven varieties showed significant performance in almost all the characters. The variety V₂, Arka Neelachal Sabuja, exhibited superior characteristics in various parameters, including vine length (310.66 cm), internode length (12.71 cm), fruit length (6.11 cm), average fruit weight (21.07g), number of fruits per plant (422), number of seeds per fruit (122), fruit yield per plant (8.53 kg), fruit yield per hectare (17.36t/ha), total soluble solids (TSS - 4.31), and had the minimum days taken for the first female flower anthesis (32.67 days). It featured an ovoid-shaped fruit with dark green fractured strips. On the other hand, variety V₁, Arka Neelachal Khunki, demonstrated maximum petiole length (8.03 cm) and ascorbic acid content (15.30 mg/100g of fruit pulp). The fruit was uniform and cylindrical in shape with light green colour and white stripes.

Experimental study on GFRP-steel double-skin rubber concrete composite piers under mixed loading

To address the issues related to the insufficient compressive and shear strength of rubberized concrete and to enhance the deformation capacity and longevity of composite piers, a novel approach involving the confinement of rubberized concrete with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube and steel tube has been proposed. This method aims to create a GFRP-steel double-skin rubberized concrete composite pier. Pseudo-dynamic and quasi-static tests were conducted on the composite pier to assess its seismic response and residual seismic performance. The study investigated the failure mode, hysteretic characteristics, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness, and self-centering capability of composite piers. Additionally, a correction coefficient for the equivalent plastic hinge length was proposed. The results indicate that the specimen maintains its elastic state when subjected to frequent seismic events. However, when subjected to infrequent seismic events, the glass fiber layer may fracture, leading to the development of white stripes, while the steel tube experiences yielding, transitioning into a plastic state. The shock absorption and toughness of rubberized concrete were effectively utilized when subjected to horizontal low cyclic loading, thereby mitigating the appearance of more pronounced damage in seismic-damaged specimens. The hysteretic curve was complete, demonstrating a significant energy dissipation capacity. This confirmation indicates that the composite pier can be a viable solution for sea-crossing bridges and complex environments.

“Red stripe” – parents' opinions on school reports with distinction

Every year, on the day of the end of the school year, many parents upload posts on social media, proud of their children, who received a school report with distinction represented by the so-called “red stripe” (or rather, a white and red stripe). In reaction to such posts, however, one can see not only congratulations but also opinions that such loud boasting about one’s children’s success disregards the feelings and emotions of other parents and children who have received their reports without distinction.Based on an online survey conducted after the end of the 2021/2022 school year, the paper presents the answers to the following questions: What, in parents’ opinion, determines whether a child receives a report with distinction or not? According to parents, what are the most significant advantages and disadvantages of using the “red stripe” system? What do parents think about boasting about children’s “red stripes” on social media? Are they in favour or against doing away with the system of reports with distinction?The answers to the above questions often turn out surprising and depend to the greatest extent on whether the subject’s children received a school report with distinction. The research conclusions can serve as a starting point for a deeper reflection on the grading system in Polish schools.

Flax lines mutant for chlorophyll coloration in the genetic collection of VIR

Photosynthesis is one of the main biological processes that ensure life on the planet. The use of knowledge about the genetic control of chlorophyll biosynthesis will help to increase the productivity of flax. The paper presents a study of hybrids from the crosses of five lines defective in chlorophyll coloration and five with green coloration of the plant, differing in other morphological characteristics.Inheritance of 4 nuclear genes controlling the chlorophyll coloration of the plant has been established. The independent genes ygp1 (in the gc-210 line) and ygp2 (in the gc-473 line) control the yellow-green coloration of a young plant (Xanthovirescens). The complementary interaction of these genes, which causes the yellow color of a young plant, has been demonstrated. The genes ygp2 (in gc-473) and ygp2-2 (in gc-570) were proved to be allelic but not identical, since mutations were obtained independently. The non-cumulative polymeric gene interaction which has been established in the case of zeb1 and zeb2 genes (both in the gc-281 line), cause an increase in photosensitivity and alternation of white and green stripes of leaves (Viridoalbostriata). These genes mask the action of the ygp1 and ygp2 genes. For the first time in the world, the maternal type of inheritance of the chlorophyll coloration of the plant, controlled by the chloroplast gene ygp3 of the gc-480 line, has been established in flax. It was found that the gc-570 line, in addition to the ygp2-2 gene, is homozygous for the genes CSB1 (ciliation of the false septa of the boll) and YSED1 (dominant yellow seeds), while the gc-480 line, in addition to the ygp3 gene, is homozygous for the CSB1 and dlb3 genes (light blue corolla). The allelism but not equality of the dlb3 genes in the gc-480 and gc-210 lines has been proven. The genes ygp1 and ygp2, which are responsible for chlorophyll coloration may be promising for labeling varieties. It is necessary to study them in more detail for the possible creation of plastic varieties capable to endure unfavorable environmental conditions at early stages of development.

Characterization and fine mapping of a white stripe leaf mutant in rice

Characterization and fine mapping of a white stripe leaf mutant in rice

The occurrence of myopathies and meat abnormalities in modern broiler farming

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the production and consumption of poultry meat due to its high-quality nutritional profile, relatively low production costs, and ease of meat processing. This growing demand has led to progressive improvements in genetic selection for fast-growing broilers, triggering several spontaneous idiopathic muscle abnormalities along with an increased susceptibility to stress-induced myopathy. These muscle abnormalities have a negative impact on the quality of both fresh and processed chicken meat, primarily affecting the large breast muscle (m. pectoralis major) of broilers, which is also the most valuable part of the carcass. Frequent meat abnormalities include the occurrence of pale, soft, and exudative meat, primarily characterized by reduced water-holding capacity, while Deep Pectoral Myopathy results in a change in colour and a significant reduction in the attractive appearance of the small breast muscle (m. pectoralis minor). Myopathies labelled as "White Striping" are characterized by superficial white stripes, "Wooden Breast" is marked by pale and bulging areas of significant hardness, while "Spaghetti Meat" is described by the separation of muscle fibres resembling spaghetti pasta. These mentioned abnormalities and myopathies negatively impact the economic aspect of the poultry industry during the removal of affected parts and, furthermore, reduce the qualitative and nutritional value of the meat, posing challenges during technological processes. This paper describes recent findings on the occurrence, characteristics, and prevalence of the most common myopathies affecting modern broiler farming.

The maize striate leaves2 (sr2) gene encodes a conserved DUF3732 domain and is homologous to the rice yss1 gene.

Maize striate leaves2 (sr2) is a mutant that causes white stripes on leaves that has been used in mapping studies for decades though the underlying gene has not been identified. The sr2 locus has been previously mapped to small regions of normal chromosome 10 (N10) and a rearranged variant called abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10). A comparison of assembled genomes carrying N10 and Ab10 revealed only five candidate sr2 genes. Analysis of a stock carrying the sr2 reference allele (sr2-ref) showed that one of the five genes has a transposon insertion that disrupts its protein sequence and has a severe reduction in mRNA. An independent Mutator transposon insertion in the gene (sr2-Mu) failed to complement the sr2-ref mutation, and plants homozygous for sr2-Mu showed white striped leaf margins. The sr2 gene encodes a DUF3732 protein with strong homology to a rice gene with a similar mutant phenotype called young seedling stripe1 (yss1). These and other published data suggest that sr2 may have a function in plastid gene expression.

Fascial structure of the anterior mediastinum: the surgical figure of the sternopericardial ligament and the role of affixing the thymus to the pericardium.

The fascial anatomy of the anterior mediastinum has not been thoroughly investigated. Only the sternopericardial ligament (SPL) has been defined and is often described as two independent tendons. However, these descriptions differ from our observations of thoracic surgery. Here, we aimed to precisely investigate the fascial anatomy, particularly the SPL, of the anterior mediastinum. We surgically and radiologically observed and analyzed the fascial anatomy of the anterior mediastinum in patients who underwent surgery for anterior mediastinal disease at our institution between July 2009 and August 2018. A total of 55 thoracoscopic surgeries were performed. We observed a sagittal layer of fibrous tissue bridging the pericardium and sternum, in addition to the well-known fascial layers. Behind the lower bifurcation of the thymic glands, the thymic capsule was firmly fixed to the pericardium around the anterior aortopulmonary trunk. It thickened locally, formed a small white stripe, and occasionally deformed the pericardium by pulling it anteriorly. No other tendon-like structure was observed. Our observation of the SPL showed differences from classical descriptions. The SPL is a sagittal fibrous collection showing a unique figure. Part of the SPL is thickened behind the thymus, anchoring the thymus to the pericardium in the midline. The SPL is part of the bottom of Grodinsky's Space 3 in the thorax. The SPL is visible in radiologic images, such as the anterior junction line on a plain chest radiograph.

Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of thirteen Bougainvillea cultivars from South China with implications for their genome structures and phylogenetic relationships.

Bougainvillea spp., belonging to the Nyctaginaceae family, have high economic and horticultural value in South China. Despite the high similarity in terms of leaf appearance and hybridization among Bougainvillea species, especially Bougainvillea × buttiana, their phylogenetic relationships are very complicated and controversial. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and analyzed thirteen complete chloroplast genomes of Bougainvillea cultivars from South China, including ten B. × buttiana cultivars and three other Bougainvillea cultivars, and identified their phylogenetic relationships within the Bougainvillea genus and other species of the Nyctaginaceae family for the first time. These 13 chloroplast genomes had typical quadripartite structures, comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region (85,169-85,695 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,050-21,789 bp), and a pair of inverted-repeat (IR) regions (25,377-25,426 bp). These genomes each contained 112 different genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. The gene content, codon usage, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and long repeats were essentially conserved among these 13 genomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) were detected among these 13 genomes. Four divergent regions, namely, trnH-GUG_psbA, trnS-GCU_trnG-UCC-exon1, trnS-GGA_rps4, and ccsA_ndhD, were identified from the comparative analysis of 16 Bougainvillea cultivar genomes. Among the 46 chloroplast genomes of the Nyctaginaceae family, nine genes, namely, rps12, rbcL, ndhF, rpoB, rpoC2, ndhI, psbT, ycf2, and ycf3, were found to be under positive selection at the amino acid site level. Phylogenetic relationships within the Bougainvillea genus and other species of the Nyctaginaceae family based on complete chloroplast genomes and protein-coding genes revealed that the Bougainvillea genus was a sister to the Belemia genus with strong support and that 35 Bougainvillea individuals were divided into 4 strongly supported clades, namely, Clades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Clade Ⅰ included 6 individuals, which contained 2 cultivars, namely, B. × buttiana 'Gautama's Red' and B. spectabilis 'Flame'. Clades Ⅱ only contained Bougainvillea spinosa. Clade Ⅲ comprised 7 individuals of wild species. Clade Ⅳ included 21 individuals and contained 11 cultivars, namely, B. × buttiana 'Mahara', B. × buttiana 'California Gold', B. × buttiana 'Double Salmon', B. × buttiana 'Double Yellow', B. × buttiana 'Los Banos Beauty', B. × buttiana 'Big Chitra', B. × buttiana 'San Diego Red', B. × buttiana 'Barbara Karst', B. glabra 'White Stripe', B. spectabilis 'Splendens' and B. × buttiana 'Miss Manila' sp. 1. In conclusion, this study not only provided valuable genome resources but also helped to identify Bougainvillea cultivars and understand the chloroplast genome evolution of the Nyctaginaceae family.

Implications of heat exchange for a free-living endangered marsupial determined by non-invasive thermal imaging.

We used thermal imagining and heat balance modelling to examine the thermal ecology of wild mammals, using the diurnal marsupial numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) as a model. Body surface temperature was measured using infra-red thermography at environmental wet and dry bulb temperatures of 11.7-29°C and 16.4-49.3°C, respectively; surface temperature varied for different body parts and with environmental temperature. Radiative and convective heat exchange varied markedly with environmental conditions and for various body surfaces reflecting their shapes, surface areas and projected areas. Both the anterior and posterior dorsolateral body areas functioned as thermal windows. Numbats in the shade had lower rates of solar radiative heat gain but non-solar avenues for radiative heat gain were substantial. Radiative gain was higher for black and lower for white stripes, but overall, the stripes had no thermal role. Total heat gain was generally positive (<4 to >20W) and often greatly exceeded metabolic heat production (3-6W). Our heat balance model indicates that high environmental heat loads limit foraging in open areas to as little as 10min and that climate change may extend periods of inactivity, with implications for future conservation and management. We conclude that non-invasive thermal imaging is informative for modelling heat balance of free-living mammals.

Influence of polarized light, disruptive visual patterns, and chemical cues on oviposition in the aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Chironomid nonbiting midges are common in many waterbodies, occurring at high densities in sediment and also when flying adults emerge. Although important for food webs and ecosystem processes, the mass emergences of chironomid adults make some species nuisance pests. As part of an effort to develop "push-pull" strategies for managing midge populations, we investigated the importance of visual and chemical cues used by gravid females when selecting sites for oviposition. Field and laboratory oviposition choice tests with Chironomus riparius (Meigen) were used to assess the attractiveness of dark container colors and polarized light for females seeking water for egg laying. Females were not sensitive to increased intensity of polarized light, but they laid fewer eggs in containers with white color above the water's edge but black below the surface. A disruptive pattern of vertical black and white stripes at the water's edge reduced egg laying to a similar degree as white. To investigate the importance of olfactory or gustatory cues in oviposition decisions, we tested 3 potential chemical repellents (damaged larvae simulating predator presence, azadiractin, and picaridin) and 5 potential attractants (a tannin-molasses mixture, leaf detritus, live Hydrilla plants, periphyton, and fermented alfalfa infusions used to bait mosquito oviposition traps). Chemical cues appeared to play a weak role, if any, in oviposition choices. Onlyazadiractin (0.02 and 0.11 ppm) reduced the number of egg ropes deposited, but the mechanism may have been from mechanical trapping and drowning, not deterrence.

Dermoscopy features on dermatomycosis

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool mainly used to clarify pigmented and nonpigmented skin lesions. Based on its physical properties, dermoscopy is divided into non-polarized and polarized. Dermoscopy examination is a diagnostic technique that is often performed on skin disorders, including skin disorders due to fungal infections. Some of the fungal diseases that are examined bydermoscopy are tinea capitis, pityriasis versicolor and onychomycosis. The dermoscopy features found in tinea capitis are comma hair, corkscrew hair, black dots and short hair. Onychomycosis found dermoscopy chromonychia, white longitudinal stripes and opaque nails (cloudy). The dermoscopy in pityriasis versicolor shows hypopigmented and hyperpigmented patterns.

In situ precipitation of high efficiency and high thermostability CsPbBr3 quantum dots in borosilicate glass for wide color gamut display

In situ precipitation of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) in glass is considered as one of the effective methods to overcome its instability and to achieve practical applications. However, it still faces the great challenges of low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), poor thermostability and photostability at present. Herein, we successfully prepared CsPbBr3 QDs in situ within a well-designed glass matrix (CsPbBr3 QDs@glass), which exhibits symmetric narrowband emission at 523 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 25 nm, giving a PLQY of up to 52.15 % under 455 nm excitation. Meanwhile, it can keep 45.25 % of the initial luminescence intensity at 373 K, better than that of most reported CsPbBr3 QDs@glass materials. As a demonstration of a conceptual application, a white LED backlight strip was fabricated at home by encapsulating CsPbBr3 QDs@glass composite and K2SiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor on blue chips with silicone, achieving a wide color gamut of 128.6 % and 95.8 % of NTSC and Rec. 2020 color gamut, respectively. The assembled CsPbBr3 QDs@glass-based LCD screen exhibits excellent color reproduction and color saturation. All these results demonstrate that this CsPbBr3 QDs@glass composite material is a promising green emitter for wide color gamut LCD display.

Studies on inheritance of achene colour and markings among confectionary germplasm of sunflower

To study the genetic control of achene colour in sunflower, a cross was made between EC-734846 × EC734849-II having white and black kernels respectively and another cross was made between EC-734863-II and EC734846 having black striped and white achene colour. The first cross revealed typical monohybrid segregation of 3:1 for black to white seeds. The backcross with recessive parent exhibited 1:1 ratio suggesting achene colour to be single gene controlled with white seed colour controlled by recessive allele. The second cross revealed the ratios of grey seeds with white stripes, greyish black and white seeds with black stripes colour seeded plants to be 9:3:4 suggesting supplementary gene interaction among two genes controlling the seed colour and distinctive markings.