Lupinus Albus Research Articles

Plant growth regulators improve the yield of white lupin (Lupinus albus) by enhancing the plant morpho-physiological functions and photosynthesis under salt stress

BackgroundWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a multi-purpose, climate resilient, pulse crop with exceptionally high protein content that makes it a suitable alternative of soybean in livestock feed. Although white lupin grows well on marginal sandy soils, previous studies have reported its sensitivity towards salinity stress. This experiment aims to assess the influence of salinity stress and mitigating role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on performance of white lupin.MethodologyThe white lupin plants were sown in pots maintained at three salinity levels (1, 3 and 4.5 dS m− 1) throughout the growing season and foliar sprayed with different PGRs, including ascorbic acid, potassium chloride, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and methionine at sowing, four weeks after emergence and at the initiation of flowering. Foliar spray of distilled water and salinity level of 1 dS m− 1 were maintained as control treatments. Data were recorded for seed germination indices, plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic efficiency variables.ResultsThe severe salinity stress (4.5 dS m− 1) reduced the germination indices by 9–50%, plant growth traits by 26–54%, root nodulation by 12–26%, grain development by 44–53%, antioxidant enzymes activity by 13–153% and photosynthetic attributes by 1–8% compared to control (1 dS m− 1). Different PGRs improved several morpho-physiological attributes in a varied manner. The application of potassium chloride improved seed vigour index by 53%, while ascorbic acid improved root nodulation by 12% and number of pods per cluster by 75% at the severe salinity level. The foliar application of PGRs also displayed a recovery of 140% in the activity of superoxide dismutase and 70% in catalase. The application of multi zinc displayed an improvement of 37% in plant relative chlorophyll, while ascorbic acid brought an increase of 25% in non-photochemical quenching and 21% in photochemical quenching coefficient at the severe salinity level. On contrary, the application of PGRs brought a relatively modest improvement (8–13%) in quantum yield of photosystem II at slight to moderate (3 dS m− 1) salinity stress. The correlation analysis confirmed a partial contribution of leaf area and seed vigour index to overall photosynthetic efficiency of white lupin.ConclusionsClearly, salinity exerted a negative impact on white lupin through a decline in chlorophyll content, activity of antioxidant enzymes and efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus. However, PGRs, especially ascorbic acid and potassium chloride considerably improved white lupin growth and development by mitigating the negative effects of salinity stress.

Use of Lupinus albus as a Local Protein Source in the Production of High-Quality Iberian Pig Products

The replacement of soybean meal with sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seeds was investigated in the diets of Iberian pigs during the growing and fattening phases, evaluating its effects on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Iberian pigs (n = 50) were divided into two dietary groups (n = 25 per group), receiving either a lupin-based concentrate or a soybean meal-based concentrate. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that lupin substitution had no adverse effect on body weight, average daily gain, or carcass characteristics. No significant differences were observed in meat quality parameters such as pH, colour, and texture. However, significantly (p = 0.007) lower levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) content were found in the intramuscular fat of pre-finishing (primor) pigs fed lupin-based diets. In addition, these pigs had lower plasma triglyceride levels at the end of the growing phase. Overall, the results suggest that sweet white lupin is a viable alternative protein source in Iberian pig production, offering potential health benefits in line with consumer preferences for sustainably produced, healthier meat products, without compromising production efficiency or product quality.

Debittering Process of Lupin (Lupinus albus l.) by Ultrasound Pre-treatment

Bu çalışma, acı baklanın (Lupinus albus L.) acılığı giderme sürecinde bir ön işlem yöntemi olarak ultrasonun etkinliğini araştırarak, genel kalitesini ve besin profilini iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Acı bakla tohumları protein ve diğer temel besin maddeleri bakımından bol miktarda bulunur, ancak başta acı bakla ve lupinidin olmak üzere acı alkaloidler içerirler ve bu da bunların gıda ve yem olarak kullanılmasında zorluklar yaratır. Geleneksel acılık giderme yöntemleri, zaman alıcı olan ve besin kayıplarına yol açabilen suya batırmayı içerir. Ultrason, besin bütünlüğünden ödün vermeden acılık giderme sürecini hızlandırma kabiliyeti nedeniyle umut verici bir alternatif olarak ortaya çıkıyor. Bu araştırmada, acılık giderme verimliliğini optimize etmek için acı bakla tohumlarına çeşitli koşullar altında ultrason ön işlemi uygulandı. Ultrason gücü, işlem sıcaklığı ve süresi gibi parametreler, alkaloitlerin uzaklaştırılması ve besin içeriğinin korunması üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için sistematik olarak değerlendirildi. Ön işleme tabi tutulmuş Lupin numuneleri daha sonra alkaloit konsantrasyonları, protein içeriği ve diğer besin özelliklerindeki değişiklikler açısından analiz edildi. Uygulanan ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi yeni bir bakış açısı getirmiş ve ısıtma işlemi ultrasonla uyarlanarak acılık giderme işlemi daha kısa sürede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ön sonuçlar, acı bakla tohumlarındaki acılık seviyelerini ve alkaloid konsantrasyonlarını azaltmada ultrason ön işleminin etkinliğini göstermektedir. Üstelik süreç, Lupin'de bulunan temel besin maddelerini korur ve böylece insan tüketimi ve hayvan yemi için değerli bir protein ve diğer besin kaynağı olma potansiyelini artırır. Bu çalışma Lupin için sürdürülebilir ve verimli ön arıtma yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunarak gıda, yem ve çeşitli endüstriyel uygulamalarda daha geniş kullanımının yollarını açıyor.

The effectiveness of adding hot-pressed flaxseed oil and hydrothermal white lupine in compound feeds for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effectiveness of adding hot-pressed flaxseed oil and hydrothermal white lupine in compound feeds for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Assessment of legume species for biological nitrogen fixation potential in smallholder farming systems of Kiambu County, Kenya: A participatory approach

This study examined the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) potential of various legume species in Limuru, Kiambu County, Kenya, focusing on smallholder mixed crop-livestock farmers. Nitrogen is vital to plant growth, particularly for protein synthesis and photosynthesis. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a process by which legumes transform atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form, increases soil fertility and decreases synthetic fertilisers need. The problem addressed was identifying the most effective legumes for improving soil fertility in this region. Using purposive sampling, community-based organisations (CBOs) participated in focus group discussions, where farmers planted experimental plots, collected soil samples, and counted nodules. Destructive sampling was employed during flowering to assess nodulation, with nodules classified based on their ability to fix nitrogen. Results showed Rose coco beans ranked highest due to their efficient nitrogen fixation and adaptability to varying soils and temperatures, followed by Albus lupin and Black and White faba beans. Desmodium also demonstrated persistent nodulation, while indigenous Kienyeji legumes, though less efficient, improved soil fertility. Garden peas, cowpeas, and green grams had lower nitrogen-fixing performance in Limuru's cool, humid climate. This study concludes that Rose coco beans and Albus lupins are highly suitable for improving soil fertility in the region. Participatory methods strengthened farmers' knowledge of sustainable agriculture, and qualitative data highlighted the practical value of BNF legumes. Future research should expand legume trials and explore the use of rhizobia inoculants to further enhance BNF efficiency, supporting long-term agricultural sustainability.

Ammonium nutrition enhances rhizosphere mobilization and uptake of silicon in white lupin grown in low phosphorus soil

Abstract Background and Aims While nitrogen (N) supply can enhance plant silicon (Si) accumulation, the mechanisms by which different forms of N affect Si mobilization in the rhizosphere are not well understood. This study aims to elucidate how pH changes induced by ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) affect Si availability in the rhizosphere, especially under low phosphorus (P) conditions. Methods White lupin (Lupinus albus) plants were grown in non-fertilized low-P soil, supplied with a low dose of N, either as NH4+ or NO3−, with or without supply of monosilicic acid. We measured Si levels in various rhizosphere soil pools, along with different plant and rhizosphere soil parameters. Results The addition of NH4+ significantly lowered rhizosphere pH and decreased both Si adsorbed to pedogenic Fe/Mn oxides and amorphous phytogenic Si, resulting in higher concentrations of plant available Si in the white lupin rhizosphere. This led to greater Si uptake and improved plant growth compared to both the –N and + NO3− treatments. The supply of Si further enhanced these effects, with NH4+ showing a consistently different pattern of influence compared to NO3−. Additionally, –N white lupin plants accumulated more P than those treated with N, while Si supply significantly improved P acquisition across all treatments. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that rhizosphere acidification induced by NH4+ nutrition can significantly enhance Si mobilization from the rhizosphere soil in the absence of Si supply and reduce Si adsorption when Si is applied. These findings may have practical implications for improving both Si mobilization in the rhizosphere and the effectiveness of Si fertilizers.

Induction of phytoextraction, phytoprotection and growth promotion activities in Lupinus albus under mercury abiotic stress conditions by Peribacillus frigoritolerans subsp., mercuritolerans subsp. nov.

Strain SAICEUPBMT was isolated from soils of Almadén (Ciudad Real, Spain), subjected to a high mercury concentration. SAICEUPBMT significantly increased aerial plant weight, aerial plant length and the development of secondary roots under mercury stress; increased twice the absorption of mercury by the plant, while favoring its development in terms of biomass. Similarly, plants inoculated with SAICEUPBMT and grown in soils contaminated with mercury, express a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase enzymes (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) for defense against ROS (reactive oxygen species). Whole genome analysis showed that ANI (95. 96 %), dDDH (72.9 %), AAI (93.3 %) and TETRA (0.99) values were on the thresholds established for differentiation a subspecies. The fatty acids analysis related the strain with the Peribacillus frigoritolerans species. And the synapomorphic analysis reveals a common ancestor with analysis related the strain with the Peribacillus frigoritolerans species. Results from genomic analysis together with differences in phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic analysis support the proposal of strain SAICEUPBMT as the type strain of a novel subspecies for which the name Peribacillus frigoritolerans subps. mercuritolerans sp. nov is proposed. The absence of virulence genes and transmissible resistance mechanisms reveals its safety for agronomic uses, under mercury stress conditions. The ability of Peribacillus frigoritolerans subsp. mercuritolerans subsp. nov to improve plant development was tested in a Lupinus albus model, demonstrating a great potential for plant phytoprotection against mercury stress.

Dietary inclusion of white lupine seeds and their byproducts in rabbits can contribute to EU agricultural sustainability: a review

This review explores the potential of white lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) as a sustainable protein source for rabbit nutrition and examines their effects on growth performance, carcass traits, health status, milk yield, milk composition and nutrient availability. The dietary inclusion of white lupin seeds leads to comparable or superior growth, milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and digestive health of rabbits, as well as meat quality and carcass outcomes relative to traditionally used protein sources for feeding rabbits, such as soybean meal and sunflower meal. Studies also show that it is possible to use white lupin byproducts, such as the hull and bran, for rabbit diets, which can be convenient in terms of providing an adequate supply of lignocellulose and enhancing the sustainability of rabbit feed, promoting circular economy principles. The cultivation of white lupin can contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of synthetic fertiliser. Future research should focus on breeding improvements and comprehensive environmental assessments of white lupin seeds to maximise the benefits of white lupin for rabbit nutrition. These findings support the role of white lupin as a viable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional protein sources, such as soybean meal, which could support productivity and sustainability in rabbit farming.

Investigation of cake production with the addition of lupin (Lupinus albus) flour

This study evaluated the effects of lupin flour incorporation on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of cakes. The addition of lupin flour significantly increased the protein content, with values ranging from 6.13% to 17.5%, while also influencing color attributes, particularly in the crust, where L*, a*, and b* values increased. Although there was no significant difference in moisture and total fat content, the addition of lupin flour led to a decrease in cake volume and carbohydrate amounts. Textural analysis showed significant changes in springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, indicating a decrease in elasticity and stickiness. Sensory analysis revealed improvements in taste and softness with increased lupin flour levels, without affecting appearance, odor, or chewiness. Overall, lupin flour enhances the nutritional profile of cakes, though considerations for volume and texture modifications are necessary for optimizing product acceptability.

Efficiency of metal(loid) phytostabilization by white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).

Erosion and leaching of metal(loid)s from contaminated sites can spread pollution to adjacent ecosystems and be a source of toxicity for living organisms. Phytostabilization consists of selecting plant species accumulating little or no metal(loid)s in aerial parts to establish a vegetation cover and thus to stabilize the contaminants in the soil. Seeds of white lupin, common vetch, and buckwheat were sown in greenhouse on soils from former French mines (Pontgibaud and Vaulry) contaminated with metal(loid)s including high concentrations of As and Pb (772 to 1064 and 121 to 12,340mgkg-1, respectively). After 3weeks of exposure, the growth of white lupin was less affected than that of the 2 other species probably because metal(loid) concentrations in roots and aerial parts of lupins were lower (5-20 times less Pb in lupin leaves on Pontgibaud soil and 5-10 times less As in lupin leaves on Vaulry soil than in vetch and buckwheat). To limit oxidation and/or scavenge metal(loid)s, white lupin increased the content of proline and total phenolic compounds (TPC) in leaves and roots by a factor 2 whereas buckwheat stimulated the production of TPC by a factor 1.5-2, and non-protein thiols (NPT) by factors around 1.75 in leaves and 6-12 in roots. Vetch accumulated more proline than white lupin but less NPT than buckwheat and less TPC than the 2 other plant species. The level of oxidation was however higher than in control plants for the 3 species indicating that defense mechanisms were not completely effective. Overall, our results showed that white lupin was the best species for phytostabilization but amendments should be tested to improve its tolerance to metal(loid)s.

The feasibility of using white lupin meal in the feed of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

Abstract As with other fishes farming, sturgeon farming depends on the use of well-balanced feed to maintain production. Commercial feeds available on the market are often based on soy protein, which, unfortunately, has many adverse effects on these fish. Therefore, alternative constituents are being sought that could be used in sturgeon fish farming. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using diets containing white lupin meal at levels of 5% and 10% for juvenile Siberian sturgeon, compared to a formulated control group without lupin inclusion and a reference group fed commercial feed. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed, combined with digestive enzyme activity assays. This study showed that feeding with white lupin meal did not adversely affect the rearing parameters, histology, or enzyme metabolism of sturgeons. An increase in the length of intestinal folds in the anterior intestine was observed in the group with 10% lupin meal inclusion, while this trend was not present in the spiral intestine, which may be indicative of a compensatory physiological mechanism when fish are fed less digestible feed. Antioxidative mechanism impairment was also noted in the two experimental groups. However, further research is still required to determine the possibility of using white lupin meal in the feeding of sturgeon fish, especially for more mature specimens.

Impact of winter coverage crops and nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and nitrogen mineralization in no-tillage systems

Microbiological activity in soil is crucially important to maintaining soil quality. Soil is sensitive to management practices, and microbiological activity plays a crucial role in processes like transforming organic N into inorganic fractions. The objective of this study was to assess how winter coverage crop residues influence soil respiratory activity and N mineralization during successive corn crop developments under a no-tillage regime. We employed a randomized block experimental design with subdivided plots and three replications. The main plots comprised various coverage crops (Black Oats, Ryegrass, Rye, White Lupin, Common vetch, Turnip, consortia of Oats + Vetch and Oats + Vetch + Turnip, while subplots received doses of N-mineral (0 and 180 kg ha-1) during the corn growth stage. We evaluated the respiratory activity of microorganisms and levels of inorganic N in the soil throughout the corn crop cycle. The consortia of coverage crops exhibited distinct responses in respiratory rates, with Oats + Vetch having superior results compared to Oats + Vetch + Turnip. We observed positive responses in nitric N (N-NO3-) due to the mineralization of common vetch residues within the first fifteen Days After Sowing (DAS). However, N-mineral doses from nitrogen fertilization during the corn coverage age phase did not alter the respiratory of the microorganisms nor did it alter the concentrations of N-NH4+ in the soil. Mineral fertilization resulted in the immediate availability of N in the form of N-NO3-.

Response of Soil, Growth, and Biomass Properties of Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to Wood ash and Sawdust

Two organic carbon resources (wood ash and sawdust) were applied in the study site to assess their profound effects on soil properties and growth and biomass properties of lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Because of their contribution to improving soil structure, enhanced water-holding capacity, and increased carbon sequestration. The experiments were conducted in mid-November 2022 at Grdarasha Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. The experiment includes two organic amendments (wood ash and sawdust) as a treatment and Control. Results showed that the application of wood ash and sawdust improved and raised the number of essential elements and heavy metals in the soil, which in turn boosted the ability of the roots to absorb nutrients. The highest germination percentage, plant height, and leaf number were observed in the ash treatment (95.00 %, 22.00 cm, and 21.22) respectively. The great values of fresh and dry shoot weight were found in sawdust treatment 63.78 and 14 g/plant) respectively. The effects of treatments were not significant on root length and fresh and dry root weights. The final findings showed that adding various forms of organic carbon could alter the chemical characteristics of the soil. This, in turn, might have a good impact on microbes, which can subsequently help plants grow by converting, solubilizing, and mobilizing soil nutrients. Furthermore, lupin plants appeared to be a form of phytoremediation, or absorption, for certain heavy metals.

Fingerprinting alkaloids for traceability: Semi-untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS approach in raw lupins as a case study

Lupin seeds are recognized for their nutritional value and potential health benefits, but they contain also a significant amount of alkaloids, an anti-nutritive class of compounds, which vary significantly in composition within and between species due to environmental factors. In this study, we developed a predictive multi-experiment approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole with linear ionic trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-LIT-MS/MS) for comprehensive alkaloid profiling and geographical classification of Lupinus albus L. samples originating from four different Italian regions. Six targeted quinolizidine alkaloids were detected and 21 other alkaloids were putatively identified. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to explore the data structure and successfully classify samples according to their geographical origin. The data demonstrate the efficacy of the developed approach in providing valuable insights in alkaloid profiles of lupin seeds and their potential as markers for geographical traceability.

Phosphorus-Use-Efficiency Gene Identification in Fabaceae and RSL2 Expansion in Lupinus albus Is Associated with Low-Phosphorus Adaptation.

Phosphorus is critical for plant growth but often becomes less accessible due to its precipitation with cations in soil. Fabaceae, a diverse plant family, exhibits robust adaptability and includes species like Lupinus albus, known for its efficient phosphorus utilization via cluster roots. Here, we systematically identified phosphorus-utilization-efficiency (PUE) gene families across 35 Fabaceae species, highlighting significant gene amplification in PUE pathways in Fabaceae. Different PUE pathways exhibited variable amplification, evolution, and retention patterns among various Fabaceae crops. Additionally, the number of homologous genes of the root hair development gene RSL2 in L. albus was far more than that in other Fabaceae species. Multiple copies of the RSL2 gene were amplified and retained in L. albus after whole genome triplication. The gene structure and motifs specifically retained in L. albus were different from homologous genes in other plants. Combining transcriptome analysis under low-phosphorus treatment, it was found that most of the homologous genes of RSL2 in L. albus showed high expression in the cluster roots, suggesting that the RSL2 gene family plays an important role in the adaptation process of L. albus to low-phosphorus environments and the formation of cluster roots.

Facile biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lupinus albus L (Gibto) seed extract for antibacterial and photocatalytic applications

This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Lupinus albus L. (white lupin) seed extract and investigate their photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. Phytochemical analysis of the seed extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Three ZnO NP samples were prepared using different ratios of the seed extract and zinc nitrate and one sample without seed extract as a control. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, and the average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 20.96–30.67 nm, exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photo catalytic activity of the ZnO NPs was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green dye under visible light. The results showed that ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract, particularly the 9:1 and 3:2 ratios, exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies of 98 % and 97 %, respectively, compared to the ZnO NPs prepared without the extract (89 % degradation). The antibacterial activity of the ZnO NPs was assessed against four bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract demonstrated the greatest activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, with an inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.58 mm, while the ZnO NPs without the extract showed lower antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using Lupinus albus L. seed extract is a promising approach for the development of materials with efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.

A GWAS study highlights significant associations between a series of indels in a FLOWERING LOCUS T gene promoter and flowering time in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

BackgroundWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a high-protein Old World grain legume with remarkable food and feed production interest. It is sown in autumn or early spring, depending on the local agroclimatic conditions. This study aimed to identify allelic variants associated with vernalization responsiveness, in order to improve our knowledge of legume flowering regulatory pathways and develop molecular selection tools for the desired phenology as required for current breeding and adaptation to the changing climate.ResultsSome 120 white lupin accessions originating from a wide range of environments of Europe, Africa, and Asia were phenotyped under field conditions in three environments with different intensities of vernalization, namely, a Mediterranean and a subcontinental climate sites of Italy under autumn sowing, and a suboceanic climate site of France under spring sowing. Two hundred sixty-two individual genotypes extracted from them were phenotyped in a greenhouse under long-day photoperiod without vernalization. Phenology data, and marker data generated by Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArT-seq) and by PCR-based screening targeting published quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from linkage map and newly identified insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog, LalbFTc1 gene (Lalb_Chr14g0364281), were subjected to a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Population structure followed differences in phenology and isolation by distance pattern. The GWAS highlighted numerous loci significantly associated with flowering time, including four LalbFTc1 gene promoter deletions: 2388 bp and 2126 bp deletions at the 5’ end, a 264 bp deletion in the middle and a 28 bp deletion at the 3’ end of the promoter. Besides LalbFTc1 deletions, this set contained DArT-seq markers that matched previously published major QTLs in chromosomes Lalb_Chr02, Lalb_Chr13 and Lalb_Chr16, and newly discovered QTLs in other chromosomes.ConclusionsThis study highlighted novel QTLs for flowering time and validated those already published, thereby providing novel evidence on the convergence of FTc1 gene functional evolution into the vernalization pathway in Old World lupin species. Moreover, this research provided the set of loci specific for extreme phenotypes (the earliest or the latest) awaiting further implementation in marker-assisted selection for spring- or winter sowing.

Efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of white lupine seeds with complex compositions based on Tebu 60 fungicide

The results of laboratory and field tests of effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant, ME (microemulsion) in its pure form and in tank mixtures with Humat+7 and Fitaktiv Vita against anthracnose seed infection and other diseases of lupine are presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Bryansk region. The object of the study were the seeds, seedlings and crops of the Michurinsky white lupine variety. In laboratory conditions, biological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant in pure form (rate of consumption – 0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) against anthracnose seed infection was carried out by the number of affected seedlings grown in paper-polyethylene rolls in comparison with the control (without treatment). The tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (100%) showed high biological efficacy against anthracnose. Moreover, this mixture significantly (LSD05 = 0.66) had the least effect on reducing the hypocotyl length of the seedlings (8.8%). The field experiment was laid down in a fourfold repetition. The plot area was 34 m2. The seeding rate was 1.0 million germinated seeds/ha. The soil of the site was gray forest soil, humus content – 2.6%. The forecrop was spring cereal crops. Seed dressing with Tebu 60 (0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) were conducted one month before the sowing. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in comparison with the control. On average, the highest biological efficacy against anthracnose seed infection was shown by the tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (98.1%). By the shiny pod phase, the number of affected beans was 20.5% compared to 78.4% in the control. The biological efficacy against fusarium disease and rhizoctonia was 65.9 and 74.4%, respectively. The prevalence of gray rot and white rot on beans was reduced 8 and 11 times, respectively. Seed germination increased significantly (LSD05 = 0.74) by 16.2%, safety of productive plants to harvesting – by 56.5%. Reliable increase in the seed yield was 2.52 t/ha, cost recovery – 64.88 rubles.

Comparative study of the emulsifying properties of blue lupin, white lupin, and soybean protein isolates

This study investigated the emulsifying properties of isoelectric pH-precipitated blue lupin (BLPI), white lupin (WLPI), and soybean (SPI) protein isolates at various protein concentrations and pH values (3, 5, 7, and 9). The solubility, secondary, and tertiary structure of the protein isolates at different pH were determined. The emulsion characteristics evaluated included the droplet size, microstructure characterization, coalescence index (CI), and flocculation index (FI). The solubility of the protein isolates was influenced by pH, with the lowest solubility recorded at pH 4–5. At pH 5, all the protein isolates had more β-sheet structure than α-helix, while at pH 9, the isolates contained the helical conformation more than β-sheet. In general, mean oil droplet size (d3,2) was bigger at pH 3 and 5 (∼5–16 μm) when compared to pH 7 and 9 (<6 μm). The presence of small spherical and uniform oil droplet emulsions (<9 μm) stabilized by WLPI, BLPI, and SPI at pH 7 and 9 was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Oil droplet coalescence was not the most prominent mechanism of emulsion instability for both lupin isolates and SPI, but rather bridging flocculation, with the FI highest at pH 5 (50–100%).

γ-Conglutin Immunoreactivity Is Differently Affected by Thermal Treatment and Gastrointestinal Digestion in Lupine Species.

Lupine is a legume commonly used in human diet as a functional food due to its high nutritional content and important technological properties. However, its consumption can lead to the manifestation of adverse immunological reactions, posing significant health issues in sensitized/allergic patients. This work aims to investigate the effect of food processing combined with simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion on the immunoreactivity of lupine γ-conglutin. Model foods of wheat pasta containing 35% of lupine flour (Lupinus albus, L. luteus, and L. angustifolius) were prepared and submitted to a boiling process. The proteins were extracted and their profiles characterized by SDS-PAGE. Simulated GI digestion was performed on thermally treated pasta using the INFOGEST harmonized digestion protocol 2.0. The IgG binding capacity of γ-conglutin was assessed by immunoblotting in non-reducing conditions and indirect ELISA with specific antibodies. Results demonstrate that the boiling treatment affected the immunoreactivity of the three lupine species differently. Simulated GI digestion led to extensive destruction of the protein structure, more significant in the intestinal phase, reducing but not abolishing the IgG affinity to γ-conglutin and its potential presentation to immunocompetent cells. This information can offer valuable insights to the food industry for developing food formulations with reduced allergenic properties.