White Canon Research Articles

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Is the Whitest of All? Racial Biases in Social Media Beauty Filters

Digital beauty filters are pervasive in social media platforms. Despite their popularity and relevance in the selfies culture, there is little research on their characteristics and potential biases. In this article, we study the existence of racial biases on the set of aesthetic canons embedded in social media beauty filters, which we refer to as the Beautyverse. First, we provide a historic contextualization of racial biases in beauty practices, followed by an extensive empirical study of racial biases in beauty filters through state-of-the-art face processing algorithms. We show that beauty filters embed Eurocentric or white canons of beauty, not only by brightening the skin color, but also by modifying facial features.

Mutoni im Un/Happyland. Die Bürde weißer Retter*innen in Tete Loepers Roman <em>Barfuß in Deutschland</em>

In Tete Loeper's novel Barefoot in Germany (2020), Black first-person narrator Mutoni from Rwanda recounts her experiences as a marriage migrant, sex worker, maid, and caregiver in Germany, a supposed "Happyland" where racism is considered the offense of "others": bad individuals and Nazis. However, Loeper's white savior characters are both nice people and (unwitting) racists, while some of Mutoni's Black sisters behave in discriminatory ways as well. Drawing on critical race theory and imagology, this article shows how the novel deconstructs and appropriates stereotypical images from "'colorblind' Europe" on both a thematic and formal-aesthetic level. By engaging with a comparative and transnational frame of reference that goes beyond a monolingual white canon of theory and literature, the article reveals the novel's connections to other Black texts and genres, as well as its literary strategies in dealing with identity (politics).

Long Day’s Journey Into Night

Long Day’s Journey Into Night

From the Editor

From the Editor Lisa Rowe Fraustino (bio) In this, my first introduction to my first volume as editor of the annual, I want to begin by thanking all of our contributors, from whom I have learned more than I thought my brain could absorb. I have learned not only from the seven authors whose accepted essays appear in these pages but also from those whose work is still in the revise and resubmit (R & R) process, and even those whose work was not a fit for us—or not yet. Equally, I learned from our expert readers, whose generous attention to the work of anonymous colleagues makes every essay better, makes the journal better, makes the editor better, makes children's literature scholarship overall better, and indirectly betters children's literature itself. With no organizing theme for this open volume, I decided to order the essays chronologically based on the text sets under discussion, beginning with a classic of the White canon, Peter and Wendy. In "'[A] commotion in the firmament': The Thermodynamics of Neverland," Clayton Carlyle Tarr looks at J. M. Barrie's 1911 novelization of his 1904 play as an exemplar of how children's literature incorporated Victorian science. Peter Pan and Tinker Bell harness energy in ways that defy the physical laws of thermodynamics, a subject that Barrie studied at the University of Edinburgh. Just as the character Peter Pan never ages or dies, the thermodynamic power of storytelling allows Peter Pan to live on across generations. At the same time as Barrie staged children's play in White, patriarchal, colonialist fantasies, H.G. Wells represented nationalist masculinity through play in two little-known novels for children, Floor Games (1911) and Little Wars (1913). Chloe Flower's essay, "The Exemplary Game: Going to War with H.G. Wells's Toy Soldiers," situates these fictional war-gaming texts in British culture and the figure of the toy soldier in material history. She finds that, like the reproducible hollow toy, "the boy is a delegate for an infinitely expanding number of other, expendable male selves proceeding outward to empire and forward into England's triumphalist future." Just as children's literature has contributed to the reproduction of traditional gender roles across generations, so too has it contributed to cultural change. In "Little Miss Muffet Must Go! Mommies at Work [End Page ix] and the Radical Roots of Non-Sexist Children's Literature," Julia L. Mickenberg explores the historical impact of an early feminist picture book and discusses why it was then—and still is, to some extent—difficult to find picture book mothers working outside of the home. Eve Merriam's 1961 text was given new life in 1970 when rediscovered by the Women's Liberation movement and featured in Elizabeth Fisher's "The Second Sex, Junior Division," which Mickenberg parallels with the importance of Nancy Larrick's "The All-White World of Children's Literature." With the next essay, we skip ahead to the poststructural era, when both young adult literature and the theoretical study of it have gained influence and respect. Barbara Tannert-Smith combines topoanalysis and psychoanalysis in "'The Garden Frightens Me': Trauma, Recovery, and the Environmental Uncanny in Meg Rosoff's How I Live Now." By mapping "the traumatic route of intertextual modeling" in what Amitav Ghosh has called "the environmental uncanny," Tannert-Smith deconstructs romantic notions of landscape and human-nature entanglements in Rosoff's 2004 critically acclaimed novel about young people surviving on their own in a future World War III. J. K. Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter books came out between 1997 and 2007, and Kathryn Strong Hansen discusses the author's 2008 postscript to her Wizarding World in the next essay, "On the Margins of Harry's World: Paratext and The Tales of Beedle the Bard." Reading Rowling's footnotes placed alongside Dumbledore's in the text, Hansen argues that paratexts of the Tales undermine Rowling's expressed intent in fighting bigotry by marginalizing readers as Muggles themselves, distancing rather than fostering the connection that had made them feel included throughout the series. In recent decades, scholars have paid increasing attention to comics and graphic novels. Kai Mikkonen continues...

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia platyphyllos

Abstract This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. subsp. cordifolia (Besser) C.K. Schneid (Large‐leaved Lime) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour: all British native material is this subspecies. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. Tilia platyphyllos is a tall, shade‐tolerant tree of old relict woods. It is rare as a native and restricted to England and Wales, where it is often found on calcareous and brown soils of low phosphate status, with Fagus sylvatica or Fraxinus excelsior and Quercus petraea. In contrast to Tilia cordata, with which it hybridizes, it was mainly planted, probably first in monastic times then more widely since the Middle Ages. After 1650, it has often been accompanied by the hybrid (T. x europaea) in parks, towns and gardens throughout lowland parts of the British Isles. Hybrids and backcrosses have led to difficulties with identification and significant over‐recording of T. platyphyllos in the British Isles. The flowers are entomophilous, and rich in nectar. Tilia platyphyllos is fertile, regenerating sparsely from seed in many localities. Germination of pollen occurred at temperatures as low as 7–9°C (several degrees lower than for T. cordata), which probably explains its relatively high fertility in the north of England. It has ectotrophic mycorrhiza. Different parts of the tree are palatable to birds, mammals and many invertebrates. Evidence presented in this account alleviates doubts about the native status of T. platyphyllos; previously, it was believed that it might have been introduced from France by Premonstratensians (White Canons) in Medieval times. Tilia cordata, however, was widely native but also planted, mainly as coppice.

A Case for Decentering Whiteness in Education

Ethnic Studies undermines and challenges the racism inherent in dominant education systems by centering identities and epistemologies of people of Color. While much focus has been paid to the damage done to students of Color by White teachers and the White standard curriculum, this paper addresses the intellectual and material benefit White students disproportionately gain from this curriculum. Through a mixed-methods empirical study examining social studies textbooks and standards from Texas and California, the author argues that the standard White canon acts as a form of White/Western studies that directly privileges White students. Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Studies, Pierre Bourdieu cultural reproduction, and Tara Yosso’s community cultural wealth provide theoretical frameworks in calling for a broader implementation of Ethnic Studies programs and pedagogies while calling for reform of traditional curriculum and standards that act as couriers of dominant capital for White students.

Beyond acknowledgement of whiteness: Teaching white theatre teachers to examine their racial identity

ABSTRACTWhile some US public school theatre programs seek to move away from an annual token play of color, the white canon persists. This reflexive essay examines one professor’s pedagogical approaches in working with white pre-service theatre teachers as they direct short plays with high school students. The work interrogates intersections of identity, critical race theory, performance, representation and education theory and invites the field of theatre education to move beyond an acknowledgement of whiteness towards critical analysis of such racialization. The author examines her own practice as she seeks to embody culturally responsive theatre pedagogy (and invites her students to do the same), thus interrogating all identities rather than the common approach of viewing whiteness as given, non-diverse and normalized.

Fearn Abbey as a monastic institution

The publication of the Calendar of Fearn has made easily accessible much material on Fearn Abbey and its background.' Later additions to the Calendar, mostly short obits, are very informative on the monastery in the last century of its existence before the Reformation. The late Professor Adam's commentary brought to light the network of family relationships and land ownership in the area, and his meticulous referencing in particular showed the wealth of relevant source material. The aim of the present article is to use this and other sources to focus on Fearn as a monastic establishment. Fearn's constitutional position depended first of all on its being a house of the Premonstratensian order, known also as Norbertines or White Canons. It therefore enjoyed abbatial status despite its monastic community being very small, as this was Premonstratensian and Cistercian custom for all autonomous houses. Fearn's abbot, however, did not have the privilege of pontificalia (bishop's insignia) enjoyed by many abbots in the later middle ages. General chapter had for a lengthy period forbidden pontificalia; the cathedral prior of Whithorn was the only White Canon superior in Scotland or England to enjoy any such privilege, and this was use of plain mitre only.2 Within the general Premonstratensian framework, Fearn's particular position derived from its being a daughter-house of Whithorn and being included in a circary, that is, a regional group of houses. The division of the order into circaries began in the first half of the 13th century and was formally regulated in 1290. Fearn Abbey in its later site, that is after 1238, lay near the coast of Easter Ross, in the north-eastern Highlands, while all the other Scottish houses of White Canons were in the Borders or the far south-west. Fearn's placing in a circary was far from straightforward. Originally placed with Irish houses in a circary called Scotia (perhaps in the older meaning of the word, that is, Ireland), it was then in a circary with Danish and Norwegian houses and possibly even for a time in a circary on its own, while the Premonstratensian houses in southern Scotland were grouped with northern England. A writer on the Scandinavian circary considered that Fearn and the Scandinavian

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Social Philosophies of an Age of Crisis. By Pitirim A. Sorokin. History, Civilization and Culture: an Introduction to the Historical and Social Philosophy of Pitirim A. Sorokin. By F. R. Cowell. From Ranke to Toynbee: Five Lectures on Historians and Historiographical Problems. By Pieter Geyl. Ancient History. By Michael Grant. The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa. By W. H. C. Frend. Byzantium into Europe: The story of Byzantium as the first Europe (326–1204 A.D.), and ifs further Contribution till 1453 A.D. By Jack Lindsay. A History of the Crusades; vol. ii, The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187. By Steven Runciman. The Place‐Names of Cumberland. By A. M. Armstrong, A. Mawer, F. M. Stenton and Bruce Dickins. The Abbey and Bishopric of Ely: the Social History of an Ecclesiastical Estate from the Tenth Century to the Early Fourteenth Century. By Edward Miller. xiii + 313 pp. (maps). The White Canons in England. By H. M. Colvin. Archbishop Pecham. By Decima L. Douie. England in the Late Middle' Ages. By A. R. Myers. Elizabeth of England: Certain observations concerning the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth. By John Clapham. The Autobiography of an Elizabethan. By John Gerard. George Washington: A Biography; Vol. iii. Planter and Patriot; vol. iv. Leader of the Revolution. By D. S. Freeman. Maria Theresa and Other Studies. By G. P. Gooch. La Réuolution des Notables: Mounier el les Monarchiens. By Jean Egret. The Incidence of the Emigration during the French Revolution. By Donald Greer. A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution. By John Hall Stewart. Nelsonapos;s Band of Brothers. By Ludovic Kennedy. Admiral Sir Thomas Louis, Bt.: one of Nelson's ‘Band of Brothers’. By H. B. Louis. The Jeffersonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1801–1829. By L. D. White. The Political Theory of John C. Calhoun. By August O. Spain. The Western World and Japan. By Sir G. B. Sansom. The English Rural Labourer. By G. E. Fussell. The English Middle Classes. By Roy Lewis and Angus Maude. The Jameson Raid. By Jean van der Poel. The Forsaken Idea: A Study of Viscount Milner. By Edward Crankshaw. Generals and Politics: Conflict between France's High Command, Parliament and Government, 1914–1918. By Jere Clemens King. The Reshaping of French Democracy. By Gordon Wright. The Fourth Republic of France: Constitution and Political Parties. By O. R. Taylor. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939. Edited by E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler, assisted by Margaret Lambbrt.Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945: Series D, 1937–1945 Hitler's Strategy. By F. H. Hinsley. Lessons of the British War Economy. Edited by D. N. Chester. (National Institute of Economic and Social Research: Economic and Social Studies, No. x). Food; vol. i. The Growth of Policy. By R. J. Hammond. War and Human Progress: An Essay on the Rise of Industrial Civilization. By John U. Nef. A History of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion and of the Gwyneddigion and Cymreigyddion Societies (1751–1951). By R. T. Jenkins and Helen M. Ramage Some Modern Historians of Britain: Essays in honor of R. L. Schuyler. Edited by H. Ausubel, J. B. Brebner and E. M. Hunt. Internationales Jahrbuch für Geschichts‐Unterricht, band i. Edited by Georg Eckert. L'Enseignement de l'histoire et l'éducation nouvelle. By Roger Cousinet.

The White Canons in England. H. M. Colvin

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsThe White Canons in England. H. M. Colvin Harold E. AikinsHarold E. Aikins Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 28, Number 2Apr., 1953 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2849702 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1953 The Mediaeval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The White Canons in England. H. M. Colvin

<i>The White Canons in England</i>. H. M. Colvin

The White Canons in England

The White Canons in England

The White Canons in England

The White Canons in England

Reviews of Book: The White Canons in England

Reviews of Book: The White Canons in England

The Religious Orders in England

This volume opens with a survey of monastic life and activities in the early Tudor period, which throws new light on the fortunes of the Cistercian abbeys and on the influence upon the monks of the new humanist education. Chapters are devoted to Bishop Redman's visitations of the white canons, to the rural pursuits of Prior More of Worcester, to the friars ranged for and against the New Learning, and to the Carthusians; there are also a number of character sketches of notable abbots and others. There follows a review of the changing religious climate: of Wolsey's attempts at reform, of the all-perspective influence of Erasmus and of the career of Elizabeth Barton. The economic state of the monasteries is discussed as a prelude to the sombre story of the Suppression, illuminated by rare gleams of heroism. The fate and after-careers of the religious are treated in full from the record sources; there are chapters on the aftermath in Mary's reign and the linking with modern Benedictines, and an epilogue looks back over six centuries of English monasticism.