White Calyx Research Articles

Antimicrobial activity and phenolic composition of varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. with red and white calyces

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activities (ABAC) of white calyces varieties (WCV) of Hibiscus sabdariffa L has not been explored in depth. The aims of the study were to determine the ABAC of WCV and the relationship of phenolic composition with ABAC. Four experimental WCV (W1, W2, W3, and W4), and one with red calyces (RCV) were used. The ABAC of ethanol extracts were tested against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. WCV showed higher ABAC than RCV, and it was associated to flavonoid content which was 60% higher in WCV with respect to RCV. The free phenolic content of W1, W2, and W4 varieties was 50% higher than that observed in RCV and W3 varieties. The standardized abundance of N-feruloyltiramine and quercetin in the extracts of WCV was related with their highest ABAC. WCV are a promising source of phenolic compounds with high ABAC.

Socio-Demographic Distribution of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Sources and their Comparative Control with White and Red Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Calyces

Background: Increasing resistance of bacterial infections to current treatment threatens to derail progress made to reduce the global burden of diseases. However, there is insufficient research on effective ways to target information or provision of alternative method of mitigating multidrug resistance that could increase public knowledge toward improvement of antibiotics stewardship. Identification, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and antimicrobial activity was determine using standard microbiological method.Results: Among the 50 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples, 38% and 62% were recovered from male and female patients respectively. largest proportions were from age-group 21-30 years (47.5%). Urine had the Highest number of occurrence of S. aureus 16 (32%). The isolates showed high resistance to Cefoxiitin (FOX), Ceftazidime (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Cefolaxime (100%), Cloxacillin (100%), gentamicin (12%) and erythromycin (36.8%). White and red calyces contain the same type of phytochemicals except Tannin which was absent in the red calyces. the Red calyces (73.45) contain higher phenol than White calyces (38.60). White calyces (163.05) contain higher amount of Flavonoids than in Red calyces (98.30). DDPH% Inhibition observed in red calyces (76.50) was higher than white calyces (45.33). NO% Inhibition has higher value in the white calyces (162.13) than red calyces (148.35). Both white and red calyces conatin equal Tbars (0.136). % Iron chelation observed in white calyces (125.49) was higher than in the red calyces (110.43). Red calyces contain higher amount of Vitamin-C than in the white calyces. Red Hibiscus sabdariffa extract shows greater inhibitory property against isolates than the white Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts. Although, they showed less inhibitory potential on the studied isolates in comparison with commercial antibiotics.Conclusions: To prevent further emergence and spread of MDR Staphylococcus aureus, rational use of antibiotics and regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns are made easily through social demographic investigation of the affected population.

Metabolite correlation with antioxidant activity in different fruit maturation stages of Physalis peruviana

Abstract. Mubarok S, Wicaksono FY, Budiarto R, Rahmat BPN, Khoerunnisa SA. 2021. Metabolite correlation with antioxidant activity in different fruit maturation stages of Physalis peruviana. Biodiversitas 22: 2743-2749. Fruit development influences the metabolites contents and then its biological activity, however, such report is still limited in goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.). This work aimed to evaluate metabolite variability and its correlation to antioxidant activity in several stages of fruit maturation in goldenberry originating from Sumedang, Indonesia. The research was laid out in a completely randomized design with 6 different treatments in terms of fruit maturation stages. Only fresh and pest-disease-free fruits collected from local farms were prepared for several metabolites assay, i.e pH, TSS, lycopene, ?-carotene, polyphenol, flavonoid and its antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis resulted in a significant improvement of all fruit metabolite variables in response to fruit maturation process, except polyphenol. Compared to the oldest fruit stage of S6 (orange berry covered by full wilt white calyx), the youngest fruit of S1 (green berry covered by fresh green calyx) increased the pH, TSS, lycopene, ?-carotene and flavonoid by about 7%, 67.5%, eight-fold, nine-fold and two-fold, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant and positive correlation between all metabolite variables (except polyphenol) to antioxidant activity of goldenberry fruit.

Effect of the dehydration method of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces on the quality of their aqueous extracts

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a plant from tropical climates, which produces, among other products, deep red calyces used to prepare refreshing drinks. The high humidity (85-87%) of the calyces at the time of harvest must be reduced to about 12% for handling and storage. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of the dehydration method of the calyces (sun drying, SD; air-drying, AD, at three temperatures: 50, 60 and 70 ºC) of three varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on the quality of their aqueous extracts. The quality was measured as a function of color), and chemical variables (titratable acidity, TA, total soluble phenols, TSP; total anthocyanins content TAC, and organic acids). The varieties used were Negra Quiviquinta (NQ) with dark red calyces, UAN-9 with light red calyces, and UAN-16, with white calyces. The dehydration method affected the quality of the extracts. The SD was the one that most affected the color and chemical variables. The color of the extracts was darker than that of the control while titratable acidity (TA) was reduced on average 40.6%. No effect of AD treatments was observed on these variables. On chemical composition, SD reduced TSP on average 15.3%, the most affected variety was UAN-16. In the varieties with red calyces, the average TAC reduction was 36.9%. Of the organic acids, the most affected were malic and succinic. As observed in physical variables, AD treatments showed little influence on chemical composition of calyces. Of the dehydration methods evaluated, the AD70°C rendered the best quality aqueous extract, in base of the variables evaluated.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: A potent natural neuroprotective agent for the prevention of streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease in mice

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) is one of the well-known traditionally used remedy worldwide. It exhibited numerous pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antidepressant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimicrobial and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study is to highlight the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin-enriched extracts of two Hibiscus varieties (white and red calyces) in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in addition to their metabolic profiling. The anthocyanin contents were determined quantitatively using the pH-differential technique and qualitatively by LC/MS/MS. The extracts were tested in vitro for their antioxidant potential as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity and both showed promising activities. The LC/MS/MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 26 and 24 metabolites in red and white calyces, respectively, represented by anthocyanins, flavonoids, aliphatic and phenolic acids. In vivo, streptozotocin induced AD in mice model was established and Hibiscus extracts were tested at a dose of 200 mg kg−1 compared to celecoxib (30 mg/kg). Histopathology of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, immunohistochemistry for tau- protein and caspase-3 with behavioral tests and measurement of several biochemical parameters were done. Hibiscus prevented memory impairment, and this could be attributed to the amelioration of STZ-induced neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Consequently, Hibiscus represents a promising safe agent that can be repurposed for AD through exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant, and anti-amyloidogenic activities.

Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is in high demand worldwide due to its beneficial health properties owing to the polyphenols content, mainly in the flower calyx. The objective of this study was to find the best conditions (time and liquid: solid ratio) to extract polyphenols from Roselle using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) (40 kHz, 180 W), with ethanol how solvent; as well as determine the yield of phenols, anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and antigenotoxic effect (comet assay). A traditional solid-liquid extraction was applied as a reference. Extraction times of 40 and 60 min resulted in the highest polyphenols (13.019 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw)), flavonoids (4.981 CE/g dw), anthocyanins (1.855 mg Cya3GE/g dw), and tannins (0.745 CE/g dw) recoveries and an antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 74.58%. Extracts from white calyces contained similar amounts of phenols and flavonoids, but very little condensed tannins (0.049 CE/g dw) and practically no anthocyanins. Extracts from red and white calyces, showed antigenotoxic activity and repaired capacity of damage caused by mutagens in human lymphocytes.

Selected mineral and anti-nutrient composition of three varieties of<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Linn (Roselle) calyces

The mineral and anti-nutrient composition of Hibiscuss sabdariffa linn calyces of dark red, red and white varieties from three sites in Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The sun dried samples were analysed for proximate, mineral, anti-nutrient and ascorbic acid. Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were analysed using AAS, while flame photometer was used for K and Na. P was determined by the vanadomolybdadate method and ascorbic acid by spectrophotometric method. Phytic acid, oxalate and nitrate were determined using titration method. Saponin and cyanogenic glycoside were determined by gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods respectively. Only the concentrations for Ca and Mg (among the macro elements) showed no significant difference (p< 0.05) among the three varieties. Only the concentrations for Fe and Cu (among the micro elements) showed no significant difference (p< 0.05). The concentrations for ascorbic acid also showed no significant difference (p< 0.05). Similarly, the concentrations for Phytate and saponins showed no significant difference (p< 0.05 Therefore, there is no much difference in the choice of dark red, red or white calyces of H. sabdariffa collected from Zuru for the purpose of supplying to the body Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu and Ascorbic acid. Keywords : mineral, anti-nutrient, dark red, red and white, roselle, calyces,

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOME MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF KARKADE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. – ROSELLE PLANT)

Hibiscus sabdariffaplant{Botanical name: Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne (Malvaceae)},commonly known as "rossell" in the English language, and "karkade" in Arabic. It is a plant widely cultivated in both tropical and subtropical regions including Sudan, (Kordofan and Darfur regions). Karkade calyces are used as a cold or hot drink when soaked in water, having refreshing, nutritional and medicinal characteristics. This study aimed at investigating the levels of some major constituents of the rossell calyces and compares their levels within the two varieties (Red and white calyces). The phytochemical, proximate and the specific analyses showed that the calcium levels in Sudanese karkade (25 mg/100g and 25.5 mg/100g in red calyces and white calyces, respectively) were lower than the levels reported by the previous studies, but the iron levels (55.5 mg/100g and 30.5 mg/100g ) were higher than levels reported by the previous studies. More investigations may be required to interpret this low level of calcium in some Sudanese karkade varieties. The anthocyanin levels (1.8% and 1.05% in red calyces and white calyces, respectively), and the vitamin C levels (16.5 mg/100g and 16.9 mg/100g) were approximately similar in both red and white karkade calyces, but the level of hibiscus acid of the red calyces was lower than its level in the white karkade calyces. The notable variations between results reported in literature about karkade (Hibiscus) constituents may be due to some factors include the variations of the genotypes, environmental and botanical nature of the tested samples, besides the use of different methodologies by researchers concerning laboratory techniques and the sampling collection methods

Primulina albicalyx (Gesneriaceae), a new species from a karst area in Guangxi, China

Abstract: Primulina albicalyx, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, SW China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to P. leprosa by its yellow flowers, white calyx lobes and large bracts, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by some qualitative and quantitative characters in the leaf blade, peduncle and corolla. The conservation status of P. albicalyx can be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Citation: Yang L.-H. & Pan B. 2017: Primulina albicalyx (Gesneriaceae), a new species from a karst area in Guangxi, China. — Willdenowia 47: 311–316. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47312 Version of record first published online on 20 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.

Siliquamomum phamhoangii, a new species of Zingiberaceae from the Central Highlands, Vietnam

Siliquamomum phamhoangii (Zingiberaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Kon Ka Kinh National Park in the Central Highlands, Vietnam. The new species is characterized by a combination of petiolate leaves, mostly yellow flowers, 3-lobed white calyx, ovate labellum, short anther crest and lateral staminodes connate to labellum in basal 1/3. A key to all known species of Siliquamomum species is given.

Impact of Different Soil Enrichments on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Red and White Calyx from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

The red and white Hibiscus sabdariffa, were grown on a control soil and on soils enriched with organic manure, cow dung, goat dung, chicken droppings and NPK chemical fertilizers. Calyxes were gathered and characterized for their physicochemical and antioxidant potential. Results showed that the soil enrichment significantly (p < 0.05) affects the physicochemical properties of the two types of calyx. The red calyx exhibited the best nutritional value compared to the white one. Red calyx was richer in ash (18-23 mg / g fresh matter), calcium (2.21 to 4.34 mg / g), iron, manganese, fibres and phenolic compounds (5.1 to 7.4 mg / g) than the white calyx. However the later exhibited highest values of organic acids, copper and lipid content. Calyx harvested on soil enriched with organic manure had the best physicochemical characteristics compared to those obtained from soil enriched with NPK fertilizers. It is thus advisable to enrich soils with organic manure or chicken drops.

Physicochemical properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds oil (Elrahad-1) in North Kordofan, Sudan

The aim of this study was to clarify the physicochemical property evaluation of Roselle seed oil. Two samples (red and white calyces) of Roselle seeds (Elrahad-1) were obtained from El-obied Agricultural Research Station. The Roselle seed oil was extracted by soxhlet method. The standard procedure of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the physicochemical properties (oil%, specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, saponification value, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and fatty acids). The yield of the extracted oil for both red and white was found to be 21.1%. The oil had a refractive index (1.467, 1.466), saponification value (189.7, 189.1), iodine value (119, 119), peroxide value (4.6, 4.7), acid value (3.57, 3.55), viscosity (22.5, 22.5), specific gravity (0.90, 0.90). The main unsaturated fatty acids in the oil are Oleic (47.0555%, 47.8868%), Linoleic (30.5836%, 30.7931%) and Elaideic acid (14.359%, 15.1603%) and the saturated acids are Palmitic acid (3.9494%, 3.9198%) and Myristic acid (1.9609%, 1.9845%). These values were arranged for red and white calyces respectively. Comparing the study results with the standards and guideline of edible oils set by the FAO/WHO and the Sudanese standard and the metrology organization (SSMO) the study recommended that the Roselle seed oil can be an economic source of healthy edible fat and for other food industry applications and suggest further study on the effect of storage time on the physicochemical characteristic of the oil.

Jasminum albicalyx Kobuski: 베트남 미기록종

ABSTRACT: We report a new record of Jasminum albicalyx Kobuski in Vietnam. The plant differs from J.pedunculatum Gagnep., a closely related taxon, by foliar and floral characters such as less number of lateralveins, presence of domatia at vein axils on the abaxial surface of leaf, smaller bracts, white calyx having morenumber of lobes and less number of lobes in corolla. Morphological description, line drawing and color pho-tographs are provided in addition to the species key of allied species of Jasminum albicalyx in Vietnam. Keywords: Jasminum albicalyx, New record, Vietnam, Oleaceae 적요: 물푸레나무과의Jasminum albicalyx Kobuski 를베트남의미기록종으로 보고한다. 본종은 형태적으로 J. pedunculatum Gagnep.과 유사하지만 잎과 꽃의 형질에서 유사종과 비교할 때 측맥의 수가 적고 잎의배면 엽맥에 돌출된 충낭(domatium)들이 있으며, 포의 크기가 작고, 흰색인 악열편의 수가 많으며, 화관열편의 수는 적은 점이 다르다. 형태학적 기재, 도해, 그리고 원색사진과 아울러 본종과 유사한 베트남의Jasminum 속 식물의 검색표을 제시하였다. 주요어: Jasminum albicalyx , 미기록종, 베트남물푸레나무과Jasminum L. is one of the largest genera in the familyOleaceae and is represented by about 200 species distributedin tropical and subtropical regions of South East Asia, Europe,Australia and Africa (Mabberley, 2008.). In Vietnam, the genusis represented by 32 species (Bui et al., 2013) and has beenstudied taxonomically by several authors (Kobuski, 1939;Pham, 2000; Tran, 2003). During a floristic expedition to BatÐai Son Natural Reserve in Ha Giang province of NorthVietnam, an interesting species of Jasminum was encountered.After a thorough scrutiny of the available literature (Gagnepain,1933; Chang et al., 1996; Pham, 2000; Tran, 2003) and studyof the type specimens, it was identified as J. albicalyx Kobuski,hitherto unreported from Vietnam. So far, this species wasreported only from the Guangxi province of China (Chang etal., 1996). This species is morphologically most similar to J.*Author for correspondence: joongku@kribb.re.krhttp://www.pltaxa.or.krCopyright © 2014 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists

팥꽃나무속(팥꽃나무과)의 신종: 제주백서향(Daphne jejudoensis M. Kim)

A new species, Daphne jejudoensis M. Kim, has been named and described from Seonheul, Jejudo Province, Korea. Daphne jejudoensis shares several characteristics (white calyx colors, long calyx tube, evergreen leaves, leathery leaf textures, etc.) with its related species D. kiusiana, but it is distinct from D. kiusiana which has a hairy calyx tube and lobes, short calyx lobes, oblanceolate leaves (with acute apex), and a different distribution (coastal region in Geojedo Is.) by having a glabrous calyx tube and lobes, long calyx lobes, elliptic leaves (with acuminate apex), and by its distribution (inland region in Jejudo Is.).

Hemiboea sinovietnamica sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from a limestone area along the boundary of Sino‐Vietnam

Hemiboea sinovietnamica W. B. Xu &amp; X. Y. Zhuang, a new species of Gesneriaceae from a limestone area along the boundary of Sino‐Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to H. longgangensis Z. Y. Li with its yellowish corolla, but differs in having leaf blades glabrous on both sides, involucre trigonous, 2–3 cm in diameter, glabrous outside, glabrous cymes, a white calyx that is glabrous outside, and glabrous pistil and capsule.

A new species ofChirita(Gesneriaceae) from Yunnan, China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Chirita maguanensis Z.Y.Li, H.Jiang & H.Xu, is described from Southern Yunnan, China. It is similar to C. eburnea Hance in its large, fleshy, white and parallel-veined bracts, but differs by having broad and oblique leaves with a repand–crenate or crenate margin, suborbicular bracts, membranous, white calyx, purple corolla-tube, 2-parted lower lip of stigma and lower disc. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 269–273.

Daphne hekouensis(Thymelaeaceae), a New Species from China

Daphne hekouensis H.W. Li & Y.M. Shui sp. nova (Thymelaeaceae) from China (Yunnan Province, Hekou County) is described and illustrated. The new species with its axillary inflorescence and 5-lobed white calyx tube is most similar to D. axillaris, but can be easily distinguished by the larger leaves (13-21 X 5-8 cm), longer calyx tubes (15-25 mm), larger-elliptic or oblong calyx lobes (10-15 x 3-4 mm), and upper whorl of stamens located 3-4 mm below the mouth of the tube.

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF CALYX, STEM BARK AND ROOT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA

Water extract of the red, white calyces, stem bark and root of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) were tested for their antibacterial activities. The root of the plant exhibited marked antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative organisms of Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococus sp., Streptococus faecalis and Corynebacterium spp while the red calyx is effective against gram negative organism of Klebssiella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa. These actions are comparable to that exhibited by gentamicin. Key Words: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Malvaceae, root stem bark, red and white calyx, antibacterial activity. Nig. J. Nat Prod. And Med. Vol.5 2001: 54-55