White Book Research Articles

MEMORY AND TIME IN OLES ILCHENKO’S PHOTOPOETRY

The paper considers new creative approaches to the established types of poetry. Building on the theoretical definitions, taxonomies and observations formulated in the works of Aleida Assmann, Roland Barthes, Nina Chamata, Robert Crawford and Norman McBeath, Michael Nott, Irina Rajewski, James Smith, Susan Sontag, et al., the research argues that the artistic practices of photopoetry (“a form of photo-text that takes, for its primary components, poetry and photography”, Michael Nott) offer new ways to interpret certain topics of metaphysical poetry. The material for analysis is taken from a black and white photo-text book “Some Dreams or Kyiv That No Longer Exists” (2007) by a Geneva-based Ukrainian poet and artist Oles Ilchenko. The detailed analysis of it seeks to clarify the structural, stylistic, and semantic characteristics of Ilchenko’s photopoetry. The special attention is paid to the mechanics of cyclization, forms of intermedial interactions, and types of artistic collaboration in this project. It is also noted that the interpretative co-operation with the audience here depends on the readers/viewers’ personal memories and emotions evoked by these photographs and poems. Focusing on the motifs of memory, nostalgia, and transience of life, Ilchenko’s photopoetic cycle explores the metaphysical theme of Death and Time in its connection with the urban space of Kyiv. This project demonstrates that the long form photopoetry provides the 21st century author with some efficient creative instruments to interpret the realities “of peculiar kind” (James Smith), such as time and memory. The contrasting combination of verbal and visual elements in this book creates an effect of double visualization, which accentuates the dynamics and dramatic tension between the poems and the images. The cyclic composition of texts paired with the fragmented and modified photographs transforms the real urban space into a powerful metaphor of memory and personal loss.

The white paper on artificial intelligence as a source for the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence

The article analyzes the provisions of the White Paper on artificial intelligence as a source of the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence. It is noted that the study of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union will contribute to the formation of the domestic source base in the field of application of artificial intelligence. It has been analyzed that in scientific circles, the provisions of the White Book on artificial intelligence are highlighted by domestic scientists in a fragmentary manner, which makes it difficult to comprehensively perceive the content and meaning of the White Book as a whole. The article states that the legislation of Ukraine needs improvement, which consists in compliance with European standards in the field of artificial intelligence. It has been established that it is advisable to enshrine provisions on the use of artificial intelligence at the legislative level. The article examines the provisions of the European Data Strategy, which recognizes artificial intelligence as an important component of the data economy. It has been studied that the provisions of the European Data Strategy provide for a combination of technology, industry, digital infrastructure and regulatory framework. It was noted that the provisions of the Strategy regarding artificial intelligence were further developed in the White Book. The article specifies the concept of artificial intelligence in accordance with the provisions of the White Book. It is noted that the Provisions of the White Book are aimed at ensuring consultation of interested parties, collection of feedback as a basis for future decision-making processes. It has been proven that the White Paper can be considered a political document containing the goals and possible actions of the European Commission regarding the regulation of artificial intelligence and contains a list of political proposals, intentions and recommendations. It is noted that the White Book is a framework for future legislative proposals on the formation of a legal framework related to artificial intelligence in the European Union. The article defines the structure of the main provisions of the White Book and establishes the fundamental principles that determine the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. Attention is focused on chapter 5 of the White Paper, which is devoted to the «Ecosystem of Trust: Regulatory Framework for Artificial Intelligence», which is devoted to the key elements of the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Europe.

Cryptocurrency assets valuation based on statistics model and machine learning

As a matter of fact, cryptocurrency is an exchange media, which uses cryptographic functions to trade, which achieves decentralisation, transparency, and invariance using blockchain. With the rapid development since the first white book proposed in 2008. The market value of cryptocurrency has been exponentially expanded rapidly in recent years. On this basis, programmatic trading strategy are paid more attention by people in trading cryptocurrency contemporarily. With this in mind, this study provides three models, that is, Exponential Smoothing Model (ESM), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Long short-term memory (LSTM) model to forecast the future price of cryptocurrency and use sum of square error to analyse the results of these prediction. According to the analysis, LSTM is the best model to forecast the price of cryptocurrency in this article. Overall, machine learning might be more useful to forecast in this fields than traditional statistical models. Investors and researchers in the future could continue to forecast the price of cryptocurrency combined with LSTM model.

Transposition, generationality, and trauma: From psychoanalytic Holocaust studies to post-mnemonic cultures

The concept of transposition, initially linked to the study of affective transmission of trauma across generations, has not progressed far beyond psychoanalytic Holocaust studies, and its broader cultural implications remain underexplored. Through its presentation and appraisal, I make an argument for the critical and epistemic potential of transposition, both recognizing and moving beyond the specific framework of its original articulation, namely the clinical psychoanalytic work with children of Holocaust survivors in the 1970s and 1980s. First, I outline the trajectories of the emergence of the concept, focussing on the work of Judith Kestenberg. I contextualize transposition in relation to the psychoanalytic nexus of trauma and mourning, particularly regarding the effects of what Alexander Mitscherlich and Marguerite Mitscherlich called “the inability to mourn”. I then discuss how, while contemporary trauma discourses have paid little attention to transposition, this concept has been revived in studies of postmemory. Through a close reading of the novel The White Book by contemporary South Korean writer Han Kang, I conclude that the shift of transposition from a clinical notion to a cultural and literary idiom of cross-generational mnemonic legacies marks a significant discursive change, and it paves the way for a broader interrogation of the psychosocial costs of traumatic remembrance.

Potential Supervision Consultant Contract Disputes Due to Extension of Contractor Time in DKI Jakarta Regional Government Project Based on Fidic White Book

DKI Jakarta is a province in Indonesia that has the most significant regional budget (APBD). This has led to numerous infrastructure development projects funded by the regional budget in Jakarta. Most projects in Jakarta follow a traditional document tendering process, where procurement starts with the engagement of planning consultants to design a project. After the planning documents are completed, contractor and supervision consultant services are procured concurrently. This research aims to identify the factors that result in non-extension and non-payment of supervising consultants and to determine the potential dominant disputes in supervising consultant contracts due to contractor time extension addendums, particularly in projects within the regional government environment of DKI Jakarta. The aim is to minimize the impact of such issues in the future. This research is a combined study with a sequential form. The population of this research consists of building construction projects in the province of DKI Jakarta. The sample for this research is a sports arena construction project. The respondents in this study are the project owners and the supervising consultants associated with the research project. The data will be processed using a rating evaluation method, allowing for the relative comparison of the predetermined variable categories with each other. The provisions should be based on fairness between the contracting parties. The research findings indicate that supervising consultants are entitled to time extensions and additional fees for supervision during the extended period, due to the contractor's extension of the physical implementation time based on technical considerations. The feasibility of the extension proposal is assessed through research, and the results are documented in an addendum to the contract.

Review on the Book: White book of Crimes of the Ukrainian Regime. Evidence of the Investigation / ed. by Dr. of Law, Prof. A. I. Bastrykin. Moscow, 2023

Review on the Book: White book of Crimes of the Ukrainian Regime. Evidence of the Investigation / ed. by Dr. of Law, Prof. A. I. Bastrykin. Moscow, 2023

Legal regulation of the international transport sphere in the conditions of European integration

The article conducts a scientific and practical study of the organizational and legal issues of the integration of the transport system of Ukraine into both European and world transport systems with the aim of forming and further developing a single trans-European transport network.
 The international documents of the European Union and the national legislation of Ukraine in the international transport sphere were analyzed in order to identify problematic issues, search for effective organizational and legal mechanisms for their solution and priority forms of cooperation in this sphere.
 It was revealed that the main concepts, ways to achieve the goal and even specific actions regarding the creation of a modern transport network are outlined in the strategy of the European Commission "Transport - 2050: road map for the formation of the Single European transport space - on the way to a competitive and resource-efficient transport system” - " White book - 2011”.
 One of the main goals of cooperation in accordance with the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, was specified, and its content was formed.
 It was emphasized that the situation with European integration in the international transport sphere remains difficult and this is a negative phenomenon and a joint responsibility of the Government and the Parliament regarding the obligations of Ukraine's implementation of mandatory and directly related regulations and directives of the European Union.
 The necessary steps for the implementation of the organizational and legal mechanism of European integration processes regarding the liberalization of international transportation and the development of the international transport sphere with the European Union and its member states are proposed, which can be the conclusion of bilateral agreements between Ukraine and the European Union on the simplification of the permit system between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union. of the Union for transit transportation by transport, making appropriate changes to already existing bilateral agreements regarding the conditions of transit transportation of goods between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union, in general, resolving issues regarding the obligations of implementing the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union , the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, in the field of infrastructure, acceleration of the stages of reform in Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the Association Agreement, in particular, the approval by the parliament of European integration bills in the field of transport infrastructure.

Transdisciplinary knowledge integration PART II: Experiences of five transdisciplinary processes on digital data use in Germany

Transdisciplinary problems are complex, ill-defined, societal real-world problems with high ambiguity that are contested and require multiple trade-offs. Part I of this paper showed that transdisciplinary processes include seven types of knowledge integration: system (ontological), epistemological, cultural, cognitive, social conflict, evolutionary (levels of representation), and complexity-theory-based types of knowledge integration. The epistemological integration of the different modes of reasoning from science and practice is a unique selling point of the transdisciplinary process. Part II presents five transdisciplinary processes for the responsible use of digital data in different vulnerable/sensitive subsystems of Germany (mobility, health, agriculture, SME, and social media). Between 10 and 18 participants (equally representing science and practice in each group) synchronously constructed socially robust orientations as pillars of a white book. We elaborate that outcomes of a transdisciplinary process can be improved, and barriers diminished by reflecting on which of the seven types of knowledge integration are applied (see Part I). This is done for the six phases of a transdisciplinary process: (1) triggering, (2) initiation, (3) preparation, (4) planning, (5) core, and (6) post-processing. We particularly address researchers and practitioners who seek insights into how the production and integration of knowledge can be improved by transdisciplinary processes.

Changes in the Tradition of Islamic Studies at Pesantren: A Grounded Theory Approach

Pesantren has a distinctive Islamic scientific tradition, namely the kitab kuning tradition. However, now a phenomenon exists where kitab kuning is no longer used. This study aimed to explore changes in the habit of Islamic studies at Pesantren Assalaam. This research used a case study qualitative research at Pesantren Assalaam, Sukoharjo, Indonesia. There were 18 respondents consisting of 10 teachers, 4 pesantren administrators and 4 employees. Observations, interviews, and documentation are used to collect data. The main findings of this study revealed that modernization led to a change in the tradition of Islamic studies, which was marked by the absence of kitab kuning in the pesantren curriculum as a learning reference authority. The white book references were used as the typical tradition of developed Islamic studies at Pesantren Assalaam. The white book summarized several kitab kuning that can be evaluated each semester, printed on white paper.

#6762 “PRIMUM NON NOCERE”: DIGITAL TOOLS AND MENTAL LOAD IN CLINICIANS AND PATIENTS: THE “E3 TASK FORCE” PROJECT

Abstract Background and Aims The Covid 19 pandemia has been an extremely potent enhancer of digital health solutions spreading. Telemedicine was already available in France before SARS-COV2, but not used as a standard of care. It seems like when sticking to the expressed needs and objectives, the implementation of digital solutions became a reality with a high level of acceptability. Since e-health is spreading and the commercial offer of digital solutions dramatically increasing, it seems critical to predict the impact of those new tools on mental load of users in order to make sure digital solutions really bring better quality of care together with quality of life (patients) or profesional life (health care professionals). Method Assistance publique -Hôpitaux de Paris launched in 2022 an ambitious project focusing on digital innovation at Hotel Dieu, making the largest hospital in Europe also an active promotor of digital health. This project includes an Innovation Hub, a large incubator for Start-ups, and (among others) the Digital Medical Hub (DMH). DMH is combining an academic platform dedicated to promoting scientific research on E-health and an open innovation structure promoting transformation strategies for e-health projets. Academic DMH initiated (March 2022) an innovative project aiming at defining what are the critical parameters involved into the lived experience of e-health users (clinicians and patients) with regard to mental load. This project included 3 steps: 1) a “consensus of experts” strategy conducted through meetings allowing the group to provide a list of the main dimensions impacting the (positive or negative) changes observed on daily life and mental load. The group includes neurosciences experts, clinicians (nephrologist, cardiologist, psychiatrist), e-health and digital solution experts, neuroergonomics and ergonomics experts, work psychologists, health economy specialist, market access experts). The following task of the group is to identify among those dimensions, those that are measurable or propose a way to evaluate them. 2) In paralell, a large opinion barometer is spread among health care professionals (HCP), digital entrepreneurs, and stakeholders in the field of health in ordre to collect over 500 answers allowing to describe expectations, fears and representations about e-Health implementation in France. 3) The last step of our research project is experimental with semi structured interviewing of health care profesionals in two different hospitals to explore the experience of actors exposed to digital solutions usage daily. The expert group conducting this research has turned into a Task Force to build the research plan for the next steps, after publishing the first conclusions of this work in the form of a “white book”. Results A white paper is under review describing the dimensions identified by the consensus of experts group as impacting mental load of HCP and, when available, the tools for quantitaive assessment of impact. The resultst of the pinion barometers witll be available in June and the qualitative study if ongoing. Conclusion Sharing this experience is shedding light on the importance for the Nephrology community to think about how to take part to the digital revolution in the field of Nephrology. There is incredible need for training and teaching to develop a commun culture about digital health. Patients and profesionals should explore and express needs for digital tools in order to act as promoters of the digital transformation of health system.

Risks and Challenges in Telemedicine: Introduction to the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s White Book Telemedicine: Ensuring Safe, Equitable, Person-centered Virtual Care

<p>遠距醫療在各國有不同的發展進程，國際間也不斷探討遠距醫療難以發展或被廣泛使用的原因，其不外乎受科技基礎建設、社會進步程度、醫療環境、政策、保險制度的差異、民眾需求與就醫習慣及文化背景等因素之影響。2021年，美國健康照護促進協會（Institute for Healthcare Improvement, IHI）發布一份有關遠距醫療發展建議的白皮書，提供一個高品質的虛擬照護模式，並擬定一個確保安全、公平、以人為本的遠距醫療架構，其中包含了六個要素：「可近性」、「隱私」、「診斷準確性」、「溝通」、「安全感」及「人因與系統設計」，並提出相關執行建議。遠距醫療已成為各國後疫情時代的新醫療常態，遠距醫療發展過程中，醫療照護體系和醫療服務提供者除維持照護品質外，更應重視虛擬照護獨特且潛在地意外和風險。期待透過本文的分享，可以讓醫療照護體系及單位重視並建立安全、公平、以人為本的遠距醫療制度。</p> <p> </p><p>Telemedicine has been developed in different processes in each country. International academic circles have discussed the causes of difficulty in developing or spreading the use of telemedicine, which is affected by factors such as technological infrastructure, social progress, medical environment, policies, differences in insurance systems, public needs, medical habits, and cultural backgrounds. In 2021, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement from the United States of America published a white book on telemedicine development. The white book advocates for providing a high-quality virtual care model and developing a safe, equitable, and person-centered telemedicine framework. The framework consists of 6 elements: access, privacy, diagnostic accuracy, communication, psychological and emotional safety, and human factors and system design. The white book also provides practical suggestions on telemedicine. Telemedicine has become a new medical normal for various countries in the post-COVID era. In developing telemedicine, healthcare systems and providers must not only maintain the quality of care, but also pay attention to the unique and potential accidents and risks involved in virtual care. The results of this study provide a key reference to health care systems and personnel in establishing a safe, equitable, and person-centered telemedicine system.</p> <p> </p>

Musculoskeletal corticosteroid injections: Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology (SFR).

Musculoskeletal corticosteroid injections are widely performed, although the exact practice varies greatly due to advances in knowledge and techniques. This justifies updating and drawing up good practice recommendations. Using a consensus model formalized by the French National Authority for Health (HAS) and based on a literature review that resulted in a "white book", 13 recommendations were developed by a group of experts. These recommendations were then sent online to 48 specialists for evaluation, 27 of whom were rheumatologists and 15 of whom were general practitioners. These recommendations were also presented at the 34th annual meeting of the French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) (Paris, December 2021) at a symposium attended by a hundred or so rheumatologists, who voted on these recommendations in person. The results are presented as an overall score out of 10, a median out of 10 and as tertiles. The agreement was excellent for 10 of these 13 recommendations, with mean values of 8.5 to 9.1 out of 10, median values of 9 or 10 out of 10 and agreement of 91.7% to 97.9%, which corresponds to a consensus. The 3 other recommendations were broadly supported but were the subject of more debate. One relates to patient information (mean 7.3/10, median 8/10, upper tertile 72.9%) with discussion about the waiting period. Another related to the summary report (mean 8.4/10, median 9, upper tertile 91.7%) with discussions about its content and the need to specify the lot number of the injected product. The last one related to periprosthetic injections and the need to consult and get approval from a specialist (mean 8.0/10, median 8, upper tertile 83.3%) with mostly the general practitioners having reservations. In all, there is a very strong consensus among the musculoskeletal corticosteroid injection experts and specialists consulted, which justifies them being taken into consideration to improve our daily practice.

SPACEE Protocol: "Spiritual Care Competence" in PAlliative Care Education and PracticE: Mixed-Methods Research in the Development of Iberian Guidelines.

Spiritual care requires understanding the spiritual experiences of patients and recognizing their resources and needs. Therefore, educators and practitioners should develop their knowledge and understanding in this regard. Spiritual care helps people overcome their anxieties, worries, and suffering; reduces stress; promotes healing; and encourages patients to find inner peace. To provide comprehensive and appropriate care while upholding human/ethical virtues, the spiritual dimension must be a priority. We aim to develop spiritual care competence guidelines for Palliative Care (PC) education and practice in Portugal and Spain. The study detailed in this protocol paper will include three phases. In phase I, the phenomenon will be characterized and divided into two tasks: (1) a concept analysis of "spiritual care competence"; and (2) a systematic review of interventions or strategies used to integrate spiritual care in PC education and practice. Phase II will entail a sequential explanatory approach (online survey and qualitative interviews) to deepen understanding of the perceptions and experiences of educators, practitioners, and patients/family carers regarding spiritual care in PC education and practice and generate ideas for the next steps. Phase III will comprise a multi-phased, consensus-based approach to identify priority areas of need as decided by a group of experts. Results will be used to produce guidelines for integrating spirituality and spiritual care competence within PC education and practice and synthesized in a white book for PC professionals. The value of this improved examination of spiritual care competence will ultimately depend on whether it can inform the development and implementation of tailored educational and PC services. The project will promote the 'spiritual care' imperative, helping practitioners and patients/family carers in their preparedness for End-of-Life care, as well as improving curricular practices in this domain.

“We are One People”: White Papers as a Tool to Promote National Unity in the PRC

This article studies the role of "white books" in the system of ethnic propaganda in the PRC, as well as their significance in the mechanism of indoctrination of the bureaucracy. This topic has been little studied in the domestic historiography, and few works have been published in the Western literature. China has established a ramified system of propaganda organs, both vertically subordinated and not directly subordinated to the central party-state organs. Ethno-ethnic propaganda organizations have been set up within the overall system, primarily the United Front Department and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, using both internal and external propaganda channels. “White papers” are an important link in external ethnic propaganda. These materials present the territories of non-Han nationalities as regions that have been part of the Chinese empire and later the modern PRC since ancient times. The Chinese state actively protects the rights of ethnic minorities, develops the institution of ethnic minorities’ regional autonomy and promotes social and economic development of ethnic areas. Only minor extremist groups and religious radicals, supported from abroad, seek to undermine inter-ethnic unity in order to divide China. Hence the need to strengthen the unity of the nationalities. Another purpose of publishing “white papers” is to indoctrinate the bureaucracy, which has lost its "fighting spirit" during the years of reform, especially in the 1990s and 2000s. With a certain pluralism of approaches to the assessment of PRC ethnopolitics and the institution of ethnic minorities’ regional autonomy in the academic environment, the confirmation of the invariability of the official party doctrine contributes to the mobilization of ethnic elites and ganbu.

Fighting for Time: Rhodesia’s Military and Zimbabwe’s Independence by Charles D. Melson

<i>Fighting for Time: Rhodesia’s Military and Zimbabwe’s Independence</i> by Charles D. Melson

“Book Review: The Worth of Water by Matt Damon and Gary White”

AbstractGary White and Matt Damon's recent book, The Worth of Water, details the challenges faced and insights gleaned while building a major microcredit initiative to improve access to safe water and/or sanitation. It was presented during the World Water Forum in Dakar (March 2022). I will describe the birth and evolution of this initiative, contextualizing it in the current concern for access to clean water, and attempting to highlight its main technical details (financing, organization, and reach). I will also try to offer some critical consideration (regarding access to drinking water as a human right) and perspective (on the possible development of the approach promoted by the book).

Victims of Transnational Terrorist Organizations Crimes

The publication of a book containing statistics on the victims of terrorism is essential for not only the study and analysis of terrorism and strategies to respond to it, but also for the support of victims of terrorism. One of the goals of initiating such a publication in the West («White and Black Book of Terrorism in Europe») is precisely to propel forward the adoption of a special European law on assistance to victims of terrorism. The paper supports the publication of a similar book in Russia, which itself has been a target for transnational terrorist organizations for many years, primarily the so-called Islamic State (hereinafter referred to as IS, ISIS), banned on the territory of the Russian Federation. The paper contains a description of the victims of the ISIS crimes, and the victims of not only its terrorist attacks, but also other crimes, among which the crime of genocide should be especially noted. The adoption and implementation of programs of psychological and other assistance to victims of terrorism in the states of Western Europe makes it relevant to take support measures in relation to these persons also in Russia. Among such measures is the development and adoption of a federal law on support for victims of terrorism.

“The process of four” in samizdat: Novosibirsk version

One of the most significant and well-known samizdat publications – the collection "The Process of Four" – is considered in several aspects: as inheriting the traditions of the previous samizdat collection "The White Book", as revolutionary (an array of letters in defense of the accused) for the beginning of the human rights movement in the USSR and as a unique text , which has its own, special handwritten version. The personality of this original copy creator – the scientist from Novosibirsk Academgorodok A.I. Fet – is interpreted as playing an important role in terms of the manuscript “The Process of Four” existence, its study and interpretation. Particular attention is paid to the process of creating its copy in the late 60s, which took place not only against the background of the persecution of differently minded in Akademgorodok, where the copy of the collection was printed, but also in parallel with the work of A. I. Fet on studying, translating and printing works of famous biologists, psychologists, philosophers, also intended for samizdat. It is emphasized and substantiated that the creation of this copy of “The Process of Four” by A. I. Fet, but it is stipulated that this copy could have been partially printed by him, and the manuscript included ready-made parts (blocks) of the original text. The views of A. I. Fet on dissidence and human rights activities, characterized by unorthodoxity and originality are elucidated, numerous works from the collection of his scientific, philosophical and journalistic heritage are cited. This allows not only to take a different look at the context and circumstances of this collection typescript creation, but also to highlight some moments in the history of early samizdat in the USSR in the second half of the 1960s and its representatives’ activities.

A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House by Jonathan W. White

Reviewed by: A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House by Jonathan W. White Christopher Thrasher A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House. By Jonathan W. White. (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2022. Pp. xxii, 249. $26.00, ISBN 978-1-5381-6180-7.) A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House by Jonathan W. White analyzes what an unprecedented wave of African American visitors to the White House during the Abraham Lincoln administration meant to the people of the nineteenth century and what those visits might mean to the people of the present. White is well qualified to write this book. In 2008, he received a Ph.D. in history from the University of Maryland at College Park. He currently serves as an associate professor of American studies at Christopher Newport University. White's previous books include the award-winning Emancipation, the Union Army, and the Reelection of Abraham Lincoln (Baton Rouge, 2014) and Midnight in America: Darkness, Sleep, and Dreams During the Civil War (Chapel Hill, 2017). A House Built by Slaves begins in the present, with a preface focused on modern debates about Lincoln's legacy. This preface helps White demonstrate this topic's contemporary relevance. To provide context for Lincoln as a person, White spends chapter 1 covering Lincoln's pre-presidential interactions with African Americans. The next fifteen chapters provide stories and quotations from many of the African Americans who visited the Lincoln White House. The book's last chapter covers responses to Lincoln's death and documents how African Americans mourned him. The work's epilogue explores immediate postwar perceptions of Lincoln. The book concludes with an appendix that mentions several unconfirmed meetings between Lincoln and African Americans. White interspaces the book's seventeen chapters with six interludes that provide helpful context for the primary narrative. His use of these interludes is an odd stylistic choice, but one that works well for this story. This book provides an important contribution to scholarship on the Civil War, Lincoln's presidency, and continuing debates about race in America. Long hailed as the great emancipator, Lincoln has been attacked by critics in [End Page 782] recent years, particularly for his treatment of African Americans. In response to these critics, White provides a powerful and well-researched defense of Abraham Lincoln. White argues, "When Lincoln met with African Americans—whether enslaved or free—he treated them with dignity and respect" (p. xiii). To prove his point, White uses extensive quotations from African Americans who visited the White House to demonstrate that while Lincoln was not perfect, he was a friend to slaves and a powerful advocate for racial progress. In the words of Frederick Douglass, Lincoln was "emphatically the black man's president: the first to show any respect for their rights as men" (p. 193). The book's research and writing are both very good. The work rests on a solid foundation of sources, including archival collections, published primary sources, and secondary literature. The writing is easy to read and free of obscure jargon. White wisely includes pictures of many of the African Americans highlighted in the book, which helps humanize the topic. The book's 206 pages of text are both sufficient to cover the subject and brief enough to remain accessible to casual readers. Overall, A House Built by Slaves is an excellent book. It is well written and well researched, and it provides an important contribution to the scholarship. The excellent research will offer seasoned historians new insights into Lincoln and his legacy. The book's conversational tone, carefully selected illustrations, and reasonable length make it a great option for casual readers or for use in undergraduate history courses. Christopher Thrasher National Park College Copyright © 2022 The Southern Historical Association

The Attitude of Students in The Information and Documentation Degree Program toward Ethical Values

In European universities, teaching ethics has acquired special relevance with the Bologna Process and changes in curriculum. In Spain, the White Book of the Degree in Information and Documentation incorporates ethics as a specific competence, through the combination of ethical, social, and legal content, as a transversal competence. In this context, this study aimed to detect whether changes in attitude toward ethical values occur in a group of LIS students as a consequence of the training received and to test a qualitative approach to identify these changes. A questionnaire based on the vignette technique was used, presenting students with cases of conflict or ethical dilemmas, in most cases in the context of an information unit. For each vignette, they were asked to assess the performance of the information professional and to explain what they would have done if they were in their place, before and after they received the training. The results obtained showed that the attitude of the students who received training changed from individual ethics to professional ethics. We can consider that the content used for the training was correct, although the knowledge about the different ethical theories and ethical reasoning models for decision making should have been deepened. To the theoretical content, we must add a teaching methodology based on the effective study of cases and scenarios in our work. On the other hand, the application of the vignette technique and content analysis as a methodological approach to the students’ discourse is very useful, since it was decisive in identifying the reasons that helped the students make a certain decision, before and after the training session, for checking to see whether this decision was made following their individual ethics or guided by normative ethics, and for knowing the degree of acceptance and depth of the training session.