White Blood Cell Indices Research Articles

Single and Joint Associations Between Blood Cell-Based Inflammatory Indicator in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A Prospective Cohort Study.

This study aims to introduce the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model to explore the single and joint associations between exposure to blood cell-based inflammatory in early pregnant women and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study included 536 singleton pregnant women from the Zunyi Birth Cohort. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression, and BKMR were used to investigate single, nonlinear, and combined associations. In this study, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), monocyte (MONO), platelet (PLT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-3.37), 2.27 (95% CI: 1.48-3.48), 1.67 (95% CI: 1.09-2.57), 1.66 (95% CI: 1.07-2.58), 1.65 (95% CI: 1.08-2.54), and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.23-2.91), respectively. Nonlinear associations of WBC (cutoff level: 7.91×109/L) and NEUT (cutoff level: 5.52×109/L) with GDM were also observed. Furthermore, BKMR analysis showed that the risk of GDM was linked with increased levels of blood cell-based inflammatory indicators. In early pregnancy, multiple blood cell-based inflammatory indicators are significantly positively correlated with the risk of GDM. Specifically, WBC and NEUT counts exhibit the most prominent association with GDM risk. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the inflammation levels of early pregnant women.

Paediatric reference intervals for haematology parameters analysed on Sysmex XN-9000: acomparison of methods in the framework of indirect sampling.

To provide age- and sex-specific paediatric reference intervals (RIs) for 13 haematological parameters analysed on Sysmex XN-9000 and compare different methods for estimating RIs after indirect sampling. Via the Danish Laboratory Information System, we conducted a population-based study. We identified samples from children aged 0-18 years analysed at Aarhus University Hospital from 2019 to 2023, including samples from general practitioners only. Information about all parameters were available for all samples via linkage to the local laboratory middleware. Then, we applied two different methods. First, we excluded potential pathological samples by predefined criteria: if the child had other abnormal blood measurements at date of request, or had a blood sample of any type analysed in the period two months before to two months after. We estimated RIs stratified by age- and sex using the non-parametric percentile method. Second, we used refineR (an open source automated algorithm) to exclude pathological samples and for RI estimation. Finally, we compared our data to results from a study using the direct method. We identified 22,786 samples. After exclusion by predefined criteria, the population comprised 10,199 samples from 8,736 children (57 % of samples were from females and median age was 13 years). We estimated RIs for red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet indices. The two different methods showed agreement. Furthermore, our data provided results comparable to direct sampling. Our study provided age- and sex-specific paediatric RIs for 13 haematology parameters useful for laboratories worldwide. RIs were robust using different methods in the framework of indirect sampling. Finally, our data showed agreement with the direct method, indicating that indirect sampling could be useful for establishing RIs on haematology parameters in the future.

CSF Prognostic Index in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection

Considering the consequences of shunt infection, the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment becomes clear. However, there is no clear parameter to predict the management of shunt infection. Since we thought that an index including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte, glucose, and protein levels may affect treatment guidance, we aimed to investigate its effect on prognosis using the index we defined as CSF prognostic index. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection patients' age, gender, etiology of hydrocephalus, serum glucose, leukocytes, white blood cell, CRP, CSF leukocyte, glucose, and leukoglycemic index (LGI) at admission were included. A new index was defined to include leukocyte, glucose, and protein values in CSF and investigate their effect on prognosis. CSF prognostic index = CSF leukocyte x CSF protein / CSF glucose. The study included 46 patients under 18 years of age with shunt infection. There was no correlation between serum glucose, CRP, leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, serum LGI, CSF LGI and treatment duration. A positive correlation was found between CSF prognostic index and treatment duration, which was statistically significant (p = 0.011). The CSF prognostic index is an index that can be easily evaluated with CSF findings at the time of presentation and can predict both the duration of treatment and the need for intrathecal treatment. Considering the use of broader spectrum antibiotherapies initially in patients with a high CSF prognostic index will avoid possible complications, provide less psychosocial impact on the patient and his/her relatives, and reduce the cost of treatment.

A Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Level, an Independent Predictor for Postoperative Intra-abdominal Abscess After Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

Intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) is a very common postoperative complication after laparoscopic appendectomy and is associated with poor prognosis. This study retrospectively analyzed elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 2015 to 2024, examining demographic, clinical, and laboratory data to identify IAA risk factors. Independent risk factors for IAA were screened and finally identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 37 patients developed IAA within postoperative 30 days, with an incidence of 9.6% (37/385). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated white blood cell (cut-off value: 13.35, sensitivity: 54.60%, specificity: 70.27%, P=0.003) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) (cut-off value: 41.95, sensitivity: 72.41%, specificity: 59.46%, P<0.0001) were 2 predictors for IAA with an area under the curve of 0.649 and 0.727, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, perforated appendicitis (odds ratio: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.15-5.32, P=0.021) and a lower PNI score (odds ratio: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.49-7.58, P=0.002) were 2 independent risk factors for IAA in elderly patients after laparoscopic appendectomy. Elderly patients with perforated appendicitis and a PNI score <41.95 have higher risks for IAA after laparoscopic appendectomy.

White blood cell Indices to predict first trimester missed miscarriage.

To identify the relationship between white blood cell indices in missed miscarriage compared to ongoing pregnancy in the first trimester. The diagnostic accuracy study was conducted at the Department of Maternity, Al-Yarmouk Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January to October 2021,and comprised healthy first-trimester pregnant women in group A and those with missed miscarriage after 7-13 weeks of gestation in group B. Ultrasound findings and the last menstrual period were noted for all the subjects. Total and differential leukocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Of the 167 women, 81(48.5%) were in group A and 86(51.5%) were in group B. Demographic and obstetrics data was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Mean white blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts showed no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05), while lymphocyte count, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). With respect to gestational age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio had a fair ability to predict missed miscarriage at various time points within the first trimester (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between WBC count and gestational age. Reduced MLR and NLR levels can be utilised to forecast miscarriages in a cost-effective manner.

Streptomyces kunmingensis XK9 and galactooligosaccharide synergistically enhance growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Abstract The present study evaluated the effectiveness of the synergy of Streptomyces kunmingensis XK9 and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in improving growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and protection of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Seven feed regimens were tested in striped catfish fingerlings, including commercial pellets supplemented with preparations S7, S8, and S9 containing XK9 at 107 CFU/mL, 108 CFU/mL, and 109 CFU/mL, respectively; G5 containing 5% GOS; S7G5, S8G5, and S9G5 including 5% GOS and XK9 at different doses of 107 CFU/mL, 108 CFU/mL, and 109 CFU/mL, respectively. After 3 months of treatment with different dietary regimens, weight gain, specific growth rate, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio were greatly improved in fish-fed diets containing S9, S8G5, and S9G5 (p&lt;0.05). Nonspecific immune parameters, including total white blood cell, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index, increased consistently in fish that were fed diets containing synbiotics S8G5 and S9G5 (p&lt;0.05). Lysozyme and complement activity increased substantially in fish that were fed diets supplemented with S9G5 (p&lt;0.05). The protective effect of XK9 and GOS on striped catfish was evaluated after 15 days of challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri. The results achieved show that the cumulative mortality rate sharply decreased in fish fed a diet containing the synbiotic S9G5, down 2.17 times compared to the control group; pathogen density was lowest in tanks of fish that were fed regimens containing S8G5, S9G5, and S9 (p&lt;0.05). The results suggest that synbiotics, including S. kunmingensis XK9 and GOS, have the potential to be applied in sustainable farming for the striped catfish industry.

Interpretation of inflammatory markers in lung cyst hydatid disease.

Studies on alterations in inflammatory markers and risk factors for perforation in hydatid cysts of the lung are rare. In our study, we planned to investigate the effect of inflammatory markers on prognosis of hydatid cyst disease. 37 patients underwent surgery for pulmonary hydatid cyst between February 2022 and October 2023 and analyzed retrospectively. Inflammatory markers were calculated from preoperative and postoperative 3rd-month peripheral blood results. Cyst size was 58.5 ± 28.0mm, 5 patients had bilateral cysts and 11 patients had multifocal cysts. Preoperative white blood cell, white blood cell difference, preoperative and postoperative eosinophils, preoperative neutrophils, neutrophils difference, preoperative systemic immune inflammatory index, systemic immune inflammatory index difference and preoperative eosinophil lymphocyte ratio were higher in patients with perforated cysts, the cut-off value for preoperative white blood cell for perforation was 10,535, preoperative cut-off value for eosinophils was 230, preoperative cut-off value for neutrophils was 8815, the cut-off value for preoperative systemic immune inflammatory index was 1129.83 and the cut-off value for preoperative eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio was 0.09. In patients with preoperative eosinophil, neutrophil, white blood cell, eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune inflammatory index values above the cut-off value, the probability of perforation increased 7.5, 13.6, 6.3, 9.6, and 9.3 times, respectively.

Associations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate exposure with arthritis and inflammation indicators in young and middle-aged adults, NHANES 2005-2016.

Perchlorates, nitrates, and thiocyanates are prevalent environmental chemicals. Their potential association with arthritis remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the link between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate exposure and arthritis, as well as the potential role of inflammation in this context. Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning from 2005 to 2016, the study enrolled 6597 participants aged 20-59 (young and middle-aged), of which 1045 had arthritis. Employing multivariate logistic regression modeling, multiple linear regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) modeling, and mediation analysis, we assessed these relationships. There was a significant positive association between elevated urinary thiocyanate levels and arthritis risk [1.19 (1.11, 1.28)]. This association held true across subgroups of osteoarthritis (OA) [1.24 (1.10, 1.40)] and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1.33 (1.15, 1.55)]. Thiocyanate levels displayed a dose-dependent relationship with arthritis risk, showing a linear trend (nonlinear P > 0.05). Conversely, perchlorate and nitrate did not exhibit associations with arthritis risk. BKMR outcomes highlighted a positive correlation between a mixture of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and arthritis risk, with thiocyanate being the predominant predictors. Moreover, BKMR and generalized linear model analyses unveiled no significant synergistic effect of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate on arthritis risk. Furthermore, thiocyanate exposure has been linked to elevated levels of inflammatory indicators (white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII)). Heightened thiocyanate exposure may be linked to elevated arthritis risk, either single or in combined effects. Additionally, thiocyanate exposure is associated with heightened inflammation levels.

Silybum marianum promotes growth, hepatic antioxidative activity, and splenic immunity but does not influence the intestinal barrier function of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Alternative additives such as phytobiotics have been a research priority to promote chemotherapeutic-free and disease-resistant aquaculture. Hence, various Silybum marianum (SM) extract levels, including 1, 2, 3, and 4 g kg−1, were supplemented with a reference diet, and the reference diet containing no SM was considered a control. Each test diet was fed in triplicate to experimental fish for 60 days. The effects were observed on growth, liver, lymphoid organs (kidney and spleen), and intestinal health in relation to a panel of blood biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Better growth performance in Nile tilapia fed any supplementation levels of SM resulted from improved feed utilization and feed conversion ratio. Microscopic observations found normal kidney, liver, and spleen microstructure across all treatments. Of interest, the antioxidative capacity of the liver was stimulated by SM supplementation, supported by higher expression of CAT, SOD, and GPx genes coupled with higher levels of hepatic GST and T-AOC and lower levels of hepatic MDA concentrations. This was further aligned with lower levels of serum ALP, AST, and ALT relevant to liver function. Meanwhile, splenic immune relevant gene expression (IFN-γ1, LYZ, and hepcidin) increased significantly in all SM-treated fish compared to the control group. Also, hematological responses, including red blood cell indices (RBCs, Hb, HTC, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and white blood cell indices (WBCs, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and heterophils), except monocytes, were improved by SM supplementation. Intestinal microstructures were normal, and their barrier functions were unchanged by dietary supplementation. Hence, SM extract could be used as a promising avenue for enhancing the functionality of aquadiet, leading to improving overall health performance. However, the mode of action of the bioactive ingredients present in SM extract is warranted to be further studied to consider SM as a functional additive for aquafeeds.

Cognition and its relationship with differential white cell count among obese undergraduates in Nigeria

Abstract Introduction: Studies have linked obesity with cognitive impairment and low-grade inflammation; however, results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare global cognitive function and its relationship with indices of obesity and total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in obese and normal-weight undergraduates in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Eighty participants (40 obese and 40 normal weights) were randomly recruited for this case–control descriptive study. Anthropometric indices were measured according to the World Health Organization’s Stepwise protocol; global cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while the WBC count was performed by manual Leishman staining technique. Data were analyzed on statistical package for social science using an independent t-test, Chi-square test of association, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the participants is 24 years, obese a year older (t = -2.2, P = 0.030). There was no significant difference in global cognitive function score (MoCA score) between the obese and normal-weight participants (t = -1.08, P = 0.283). However, 40% of the normal weight and 42% of the obese participants had mild cognitive impairment. Similarly, the two groups did not differ in total and differential WBC count except for %monocyte, which was higher in normal-weight participants (t = 2.22, P = 0.029). None of the anthropometric and WBC indices correlated with the MoCA score; however, %monocyte was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.244, P = 0.029), waist circumference (r = -0.216, P = 0.050), hip circumference (r = -0.234, P = 0.037), and wait-to-height ratio (r = -0.245, P = 0.028) among the whole while %lymphocyte was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.311, P = 0.050) among obese participants. Conclusion: Obesity is not associated with a decline in cognitive function and inflammation in obese and normal-weight undergraduates in Nigeria.

The Relationship between Complement Components C1R and C5 Gene Polymorphism and the Values of Blood Indices in Suckling Piglets.

The main mechanism of innate immunity is the complement system. Its components include the protein products of the C1R and C5 genes, which are involved in the classical activation pathway as well as the inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes, and the values of hematological and biochemical blood indices in suckling crossbred (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) piglets (n = 473), considering their age (younger, 21 ± 3 days, n = 274; older, 35 ± 3 days, n = 199) and health status. The frequencies of the C5 genotypes deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Younger piglets, healthy piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets with the C1R TT genotype all had lower white and red blood cell indices. In piglets with the C5 CC genotype, younger piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets, a greater number and/or percentage of monocytes were recorded in the blood. Older piglets also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes and granulocytes, along with a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in their blood. We concluded that a polymorphism in the C1R gene may exhibit a functional association or genetic linkage with other genes involved in the process of erythropoiesis. Furthermore the relationship between the C5 gene polymorphism and the number and/or percentage of monocytes in the blood may modify the body's defense abilities. Piglets with the CC genotype, having an increased number/proportion of these cells in their blood, probably display a weakened immune response to pathogens or a chronic stimulation of the immune system.

The Predictive Values of White Blood Cell Indices (Lymphocyte and Eosinophilic Granulocyte) for Heart Failure in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Cohort Study.

White blood cell (WBC) indices are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, but data on the prognostic values of these parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are sparse. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline WBC indices levels and the incidence of heart failure (HF) in ACS patients after PCI and explore the predictive values over a 2-year follow-up period. A total of 416 consecutive ACS patients treated with PCI were enrolled and received a median of 27.7 months follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Baseline lymphocyte (LYMPH) count, eosinophil (EO) count and eosinophil percentage (EO %) were higher in patients who experienced HF over a 2-year follow-up. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, LYMPH count, EO count and EO % were independently associated with the occurrence of HF (hazard ratio [HR] = 12.876, P = 0.025; HR = 16.625, P = 0.004; HR = 1.196, P = 0.031, respectively). The area under the ROC curve of baseline EO count predicting the occurrence of HF in ACS patients following PCI was 0.625 (P = 0.037). For patients aged 60 years and above, who had PCI or history of coronary artery bypass grafting, the higher EO count, the higher the risk of HF. Elevated baseline LYMPH count, EO count and EO % were independently associated with the incidence of HF in ACS patients following PCI, suggesting that WBC indices might be available, simple, and cost-efficient biomarkers with predictive value, especially for patients aged more than 60 years.

Cysteinyl Leukotriene and Systemic Inflammatory Levels in Preeclampsia.

Background In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of cysteinyl leukotriene levels, which play a role in inflammation, in predicting the severity of preeclampsia (PE) and to determine whether this marker can be used as a screening tool. Methods In this cross-sectional analytic study, we classified pregnant women who were normotensive (control) or PE or severe PE (SPE) between March 2019 and July 2019. Singleton pregnant 60 women who met the following criteria for the diagnosis of PE were included in the study group. We identified 30 patients with PE and 30 patients with SPE. Normotensive pregnant women (n=30) who met this criterion were included as a control group by randomly selecting them on odd days of the week. Results All pregnant women who participated in the study had a singleton pregnancy, and maternal age ranged from 18 to 40 years, with a mean age of 28.77±6.37 years. The mean gestational week of the group was 35.54±3.247 weeks. Gestational age was higher in women in the control group (p=0.018), shock index was higher in women in the control group (p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) value was lower in this group than in the other groups (p=0.002). The values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were found to have a strong correlation with shock index value and a weak and negative correlation with gestational week and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). The mean cysteinyl leukotriene levels of 206.15 pg/mL for the control group, 273.2 pg/mL for PE, and 211.85 pg/mL for SPE were calculated. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.707). Conclusion We found that cysteinyl leukotrienes were not clinically important in assessing the risk for developing PE and predicting SPE. Alanine aminotransferase, white blood cell, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and shock index were positively correlated with the value of MAP.

Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Grüke modulates some haematological indices of mice

Clerodendrum violaceum is an indigenous antimalarial remedy; its antimalarial efficacy has been previously authenticated. Haematological indices are usually affected in several disease conditions and can be affected by ingestion of drugs and medicinal plants. This study evaluates the effects of methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum on haematological indices of mice. Six groups (A-F) of ten mice each were used. Groups B, C, D, E and F were administered 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum respectively. Group A received 5% DMSO and served as control. After fourteen days of administration, five animals from each group were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of haematological indices. Extract administration continued for another fourteen days after which the remaining animals were sacrificed and treated similarly. After 14 days of administration, there was a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count, at all doses (except 500 mg/kg body weight) compared to control. However, extract administration significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) white blood cell count at 500 mg/kg body weight only; and significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased lymphocytes at all doses compared to control. After twenty-eight days, there was no significant alteration (p&gt;0.05) in all red blood cell indices except red blood cell count and haemoglobin which were significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) at 500 mg/kg body weight while mean corpuscular volume significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) at the same dose. White blood cell indices were not altered significantly (p&gt;0.05) except lymphocytes which significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) at all doses compared to control. The methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum increased red blood cells which may be beneficial in counteracting conditions that predispose to anaemia and hypoxia and increased lymphocytes which can strengthen immunity.

Assessment of diagnostic procedures and tools of COVID-19 among Iraqi patients: A systematic review

Background: The pandemic SARS – CoV2 is a novel virus disease that first appeared in China in December 2019. On February 24, 2020, the disease spread throughout Iraq, and many different studies were conducted on it. This study highlights the procedures for diagnosing COVID-19 and evaluating tools among Iraqi patients through a systematic review of research conducted in Iraq during the past two years (2020–2021). Methods: From March 2020 to December 31, 2021, articles on relevant themes were carefully searched in the main databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, and Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals. Using keywords related to COVID-19 and Iraq yielded a total of 2743 articles. Articles were chosen for this systematic review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, according to the PRISMA 2020 statement for reporting systematic review. Only Iraqi studies that reported data on diagnostic procedure outcomes were included, with a total of 21 articles chosen. Results: A total of 21 articles were found to be relevant, which reviewed the biochemical and hematological parameters as diagnostic procedures and tools in Iraqi patients. The biochemical parameters are as follows: triglycerides, cholesterol, APRs, liver functions tests, kidney functions tests, antibodies, cytokines, and minerals. The hematological parameters are as follows: ABO group, red blood cell (RBC) indices, white blood cell (WBC) indices, and platelet indices. Conclusion: Diagnostic procedures and tools for COVID-19 among Iraqi patients were in agreement with the majority of other global studies. High serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, d-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cytokines were associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and also hypoalbuminemia, lymphocytopenia, and neutrophilia. Biochemical and hematological parameters might be significant indicators for COVID-19 evaluation.

Correlation Between Controlling Nutritional Status Scores and Amputation Risks in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), and to investigate the effect of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores on the amputation risks and hospital length-of-stay of DFU patients. A total of 357 DFU inpatients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. Based on their CONUT scores, the patients were divided into 3 groups, a normal nutritional status group consisting of patients with CONUT scores 0-1 ( n=100), a mild malnutrition group consisting of patients with CONUT scores 2-4 scores ( n=164), and a moderate-to-severe malnutrition group consisting of patients with CONUT scores≥5 ( n=93). According to whether they underwent amputation, patients were divided into an amputation group ( n=110) and a non-amputation group ( n=247). The clinical characteristics, amputation rate, and hospital length-of-stay were compared between groups with different CONUT scores. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the independent risk factors of amputation. The total amputation rate of DFU patients was 30.6%. Among all amputations, the major amputation (above-the-ankle amputation) rate was 1.8%, and the minor amputation rate was 98.2%. The amputation rate in patients with mild and moderate-to-severe malnutrition were 1.5 and 3.0 times higher than those in the normal nutritional status group, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the moderate-to-severe nutritional status (5-12 scores), white blood cell, Wagner classification and ankle-brachial index were independent risk factors for amputation. CONUT score is closely associated with amputations in DFU patients. Improving the nutritional status of patients in the early stage could reduce the risk of amputation.

The effect of experimentally induced hyperglycemia by alloxan on some hematological parameters in rabbits

The study was designed to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on some hematological and serum lipid parameters in rabbits during a period of seventy days. This study was achieved in the university of Al-Qadisyiah / college of veterinary medicine college department of pathology from 31/10/2008 till 10/02/2009. The parameters evaluated include serum lipids, red and white blood cell indices. The results show that the hyperglycemia significantly reduced (P&lt;0.05) packed cell volume and red blood cell count when compared with control groups. Also, the hyperglycemia significantly reduced (P&lt;0.05) white blood cell count when compared with control. Moreover, the hyperglycemia significantly elevated (P&lt;0.05) total cholesterol concentration in the serum while it had less significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on serum HDL-cholesterol concentration when compared with controls. Whereas, hyperglycemia significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) serum triglycerol concentration. The results of this study suggest that hyperglycemia may have extrusive effect on serum cholesterol concentration, although it possibly possesses the potential of adversely affecting some hematological indices.

Hematologic profiles and development of innate immune function in healthy Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period.

The development and state of innate immune cell function during the first 90 days of life in dairy calves have not been fully described. This transversal study attempted to examine the changes that occur in circulating blood cells and the innate immune response in healthy calves from birth to 89 days of age. Healthy Holstein calves represent three windows of development, G1 from 1 to 7 days old (n=26), G2 from 30 to 40 days old (n=28), and G3 from 60 to 89 days old (n=36) were sampled once each from a single herd. A few biomarkers of the general health and innate and inflammatory immune responses were measured. The youngest calves had the lowest red blood cell (RBC) counts, cell hemoglobin concentration means (CHCMs), red cell distribution widths (RDWs), and cell hemoglobin contents of mature red blood cells (CHm) compared with the other groups. They also had the lowest iron concentrations and highest intracellular myeloperoxidase indices. However, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte concentrations gradually increased from G1 to G3. G2 calves had the lowest serum protein concentrations and highest number of innate immune cells compared with the other groups. Calves were able to mount phagocytic and ROS responses from birth. The physiologic responses of circulating blood cells and innate immune responses in dairy calves are shown according to age. Neonates had limitations in several RBC and WBC indices and immunologic responses that would likely impact overall vigor and health. Fortunately, these limitations resolve by 90 days of age.

Impact of occupational exposure to petroleum products on coagulation and white blood cell indices of Petrol station attendants in Nnewi metropolis, Nigeria.

Petroleum products are complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is easily vaporized during handling. Occupational exposure to petroleum product fumes has become a major public health concern especially in developing countries where adequate protective measures are elusive. These fumes are known to be toxic and can cause abnormal alterations in the functioning of many vital organs. This was a comparative cross-sectional study designed to assess the impact of occupational exposure to petroleum products on the Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and white blood cell indices of petrol station attendants (PSAs) in Nnewi metropolis. A total of 100 subjects were recruited comprising 50 petrol station attendants and 50 control subjects. Blood sample was collected and used to assay for the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and white blood cell parameters. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The Prothrombin time was significantly shorter in the Petrol station attendants than that of the control group (P=0.004), while the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly longer in the petrol station attendants than the control group (P&lt;0.001). The monocytes count was also significantly higher in petrol station attendants than the controls (P=0.009). Also among the petrol station attendants, the males had significantly longer PT, and APTT values compared to their female counterparts (P=0.008 and 0.006 respectively). Occupational exposure to petroleum products has a detectable impact on coagulation parameters (shorter PT and longer APTT values) which makes it needful that the petrol station workers should be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize exposure.

Associations of long-term cadmium exposure with peripheral white blood cell subtype counts and indices in residents of cadmium-polluted areas

BackgroundExperimental evidence suggests that exposure to cadmium (Cd) could affect immune cells in vivo and in vitro. However, the associations of long-term Cd exposure with white blood cell (WBC) subtype counts and hemogram-derived indices have been rarely investigated. Therefore, we evaluated these relationships in residents of cadmium-polluted areas. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 431 participants aged 45–75 years without occupational exposure histories from Cd-contaminated areas of southern China. We detected WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts using routine blood tests and calculated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR). Urinary Cd (U–Cd) was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and adjusted for creatinine. To evaluate the associations of U–Cd with peripheral WBC subtype counts and indices, we performed multivariate linear regression, logistic regression and subgroup analyses using U–Cd categorized into quartiles. ResultsIn models adjusted for all potential confounders, U–Cd was negatively associated with WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts in Q2, compared with Q1 of U–Cd (p < 0.05). A similar relationship was observed between U–Cd and NLR and SIRI, whereas the corresponding association for LMR was positive (p < 0.05). In subgroup analyses, U–Cd was negatively associated with neutrophil count, except for never smokers, after full adjustment. ConclusionsU–Cd was negatively associated with WBC count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, NLR, and SIRI, and positively associated with LMR. Therefore, neutrophil count could be a potential indicator of long-term Cd exposure-associated immunosuppressive effect.