White Blood Cell Count Research Articles

Long-term prognosis and related factors of neonatal and small infants meningitis caused by streptococcus agalactiae

Objective: To explore the long-term prognosis and related factors of neonates and infants meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Methods: The Clinical data of neonates and small infants with Streptococcus agalactiae meningitis admitted to the Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected, and long-term follow-up of neurological development was conducted for the patients, with a follow-up period of ≥18 months. According to long-term neurological prognosis indicators, the patients were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group, and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the long-term prognosis of the patients. Results: A total of 86 children were included, with 50 males and 36 females, and their age ranged from 3 to 85 (29.7±18.5) days. The follow-up duration was 20 to 78(47.2±17.0) months, and the age at the end of follow-up was 1.8 to 6.6(4.2±1.3) years. Among them, there were 54 cases in good long-term prognosis group and 32 cases in poor prognosis guoup. Infectious shock [56.3%(18/32) vs 13.0%(7/54), P<0.001], hypoproteinemia [46.9%(15/32) vs 22.2%(12/54), P=0.017], surgical intervention for neurological complications [31.0%(13/32) vs 7.4%(4/54), P=0.003], abnormal neurological examination at discharge [37.5%(12/32) vs 7.4%(4/54), P<0.001], and abnormal cranial imaging at discharge [53.1%(13/32) vs 7.4%(4/54), P<0.001] were higher in the poor prognosis group than those in the good prognosis group. The peripheral blood WBC count [M(Q1, Q3)] [4.7(3.4, 7.6)]×109/L at the onset of the disease was lower in the poor prognosis group than that in the good prognosis group [10.1(3.8, 14.1)]×109/L, and the cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration [3.0(2.1, 3.8)] g/L was higher in the poor prognosis group than that in the good prognosis group [2.5(1.9, 2.8)] g/L (both P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model found that peripheral blood WBC<4.0×109/L (OR=5.501,95%CI:1.430-21.170,P=0.013), infectious shock (OR=4.600,95%CI:1.008-21.004,P=0.047), neurological complications undergoing surgical intervention (OR=8.961,95%CI:1.792-44.812,P=0.008), and abnormal head imaging at discharge (OR=12.636,95%CI:2.502-63.829,P=0.002) were related factors for poor long-term prognosis in neonatal and infants meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Conclusions: Neonates and infants meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae have a high incidence of long-term adverse prognosis. Peripheral blood WBC<4.0×109/L, infectious shock, neurological complications undergoing surgical intervention, and abnormal cranial imaging at discharge are related factors for poor long-term prognosis.

Intraventricular antibiotics for severe central nervous system infections: a case series.

Severe central nervous system infections (CNSI), including community-acquired CNSI (CA-CNSI) and healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HAVM), present high morbidity and mortality. Intraventricular antibiotic treatment (IVT) is advisable for these infections, though evidence is limited. We retrospectively analyzed data on 27 patients who received IVT for severe CA-CNSI and HAVM over 10 years, assessing clinical and paraclinical features, such as baseline severity and functional outcome, antibiotics, microbiological and laboratory data. Comparisons were made between patients affected by CNSI and HAVM and those with favorable and unfavorable outcomes, based on the modified Rankin scale.Gram-positive organisms dominated in CA-CNSI (64%), while gram-negative organisms were more frequent in HAVM (64%). Patients received a median of 30 days of intravenous antibiotics and 11 days of IVT, with no significant difference between CA-CNSI and HAVM. IVT-associated toxicity was rare. Patients with favorable outcomes (64%) had higher initial cerebrospinal fluid- white blood cell count (CSF-WBC), that decreased more rapidly than in patients with unfavorable outcomes. CSF-WBC dynamics did not differ between CA-CNSI and HAVM patients.Rapid decline in CSF-WBC after initiation of IVT was associated with favorable outcome. Despite severe neurological impairment at admission, most survivors achieved favorable long-term outcomes.

Identifying slow-growing commercial pigs using growth performance and health indicators.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and health status of commercial pigs in different body weight (BW) groups and develop methods for identifying slow-growing pigs. The research observed 79 commercial pigs grouped from 104 to 202 days of age, collecting data on BW, feed intake, and body condition score (BCS) from caliper. Results showed that BCS were highly correlated with BW (r > 0.85, P < 0.001), providing a simple method for assessing commercial pig BW. Commercial pigs with slaughter BWs below 114kg at approximately 200 days old were identified as slow-growing individuals. White blood cell count, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and blood urea nitrogen were identified as potential biomarkers for identifying slow-growing pigs. Economic analysis revealed that profitability across all BW groups was highly sensitive to market conditions, with feed costs being the most significant factor. Low BW groups performed better in low-price markets but reach break-even points later under medium to high-price scenarios.

A higher JAK2V617F allele burden may be a risk factor for hemorrhagic events in younger patients with polycythemia vera

ABSTRACT Objectives: Hemorrhagic events are a rare but potentially fatal complication in patients with polycythemia vera (PV). Methods: We analyzed the characteristics of hemorrhagic events in 267 patients with PV. Results: A median follow-up of 4.8 years revealed that 23 (8.6%) hemorrhagic events occurred. Significantly more hemorrhagic events occurred in younger patients aged below 60 years (n = 72) than in older patients aged 60 years or above (n = 191) (n = 12 [16.7%] vs. n = 11 [5.8%], respectively, P = 0.012). In univariate analysis among the younger patients, white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 15 × 109/L (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.746, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.082-28.830, P = 0.002), palpable splenomegaly (HR = 5.629, 95% CI 1.193–26.550, P = 0.029), and JAK2V617F allele burden ≥ 80% (HR = 22.850, 95% CI 2.885–181.00, P = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic events. In multivariate analysis, JAK2V617F allele burden ≥ 80% (HR = 9.394, 95% CI 1.046–84.380, P = 0.046) was a significant risk factor. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of hemorrhagic events after diagnosis in younger PV patients with a high JAK2V617F allele burden, high WBC count or palpable splenomegaly. It is important to consider treatment options that aim to avoid hemorrhagic events by reducing the JAK2V617F allele burden in younger PV patients.

Dietary Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Root Powder on Growth and Blood Parameters of Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)

Aims: The present study evaluated the effect of different levels of Withania somnifera root powder in fish formulated diets on the growth performance of economically important freshwater fish species in Asia Cyprinus carpio and compare the hematological changes occurred in fishes fed with control feed and herbal formulated diet. Study Design: The experiment was planned with the size group of 30.0±1.0g. Fish of the respective size group of Cyprinus carpio were subjected to different herbal formulated diets at a concentration 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% of Withania somnifera root powder extract through their diet, while the control group received a standard diet without any supplementation. Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a period of 4 weeks. Methodology: During which growth parameters such as Average Daily Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Absolute Growth Rate were monitored at regular (10 days) intervals. The blood samples were collected at 4th week from each group to assess hematological parameters including Red Blood Cell count, White Blood Cell count, Hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol and Total serum protein levels. The overall results revealed that the inclusion of Withania somnifera extract in the diet of Cyprinus carpio significantly influenced both growth and blood parameters. Results: Fish exposed to Withania somnifera extract exhibited enhanced growth performance compared to the control group, with increased Average Daily Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Absolute Growth Rate. Moreover, hematological analysis revealed positive effects on the blood parameters of treated fish, including improvements in Red Blood Cell count, White Blood Cell count, Hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol and Total serum protein levels. Conclusion: The overall results revealed that the inclusion of Withania somnifera extract in the diet of Cyprinus carpio significantly influenced both growth and blood parameters.

Predictive models for secondary epilepsy in patients with acute ischemic stroke within one year.

Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a critical complication that worsens both prognosis and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke. An interpretable machine learning model was developed to predict PSE using medical records from four hospitals in Chongqing. Medical records, imaging reports, and laboratory test results from 21,459 ischemic stroke patients were collected and analyzed. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses identified key predictive factors. The dataset was split into a 70% training set and a 30% testing set. To address the class imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique combined with Edited Nearest Neighbors was employed. Nine widely used machine learning algorithms were evaluated using relevant prediction metrics, with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) used to interpret the model and assess the contributions of different features. Regression analyses revealed that complications such as hydrocephalus, cerebral hernia, and deep vein thrombosis, as well as specific brain regions (frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes), significantly contributed to PSE. Factors such as age, gender, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and laboratory results like WBC count and D-dimer levels were associated with increased PSE risk. Tree-based methods like Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM showed strong predictive performance, achieving an AUC of 0.99. The model accurately predicts PSE risk, with tree-based models demonstrating superior performance. NIHSS score, WBC count, and D-dimer were identified as the most crucial predictors. The research is funded by Central University basic research young teachers and students research ability promotion sub-projec t(2023CDJYGRH-ZD06), and by Emergency Medicine Chongqing Key Laboratory Talent Innovation and development joint fund project (2024RCCX10).

Factor analysis for assessing the etiopathogenesis of facial boils in military personnel

Background: Boils are the most prevalent non-odontogenic inflammatory condition of the head and neck. The treatment of skin and subcutaneous tissue inflammations in the Russian Armed Forces (RAF) is a pressing issue. We were unable to find any data on the etiopathogenesis of facial boils in otherwise healthy RAF members, as well as the factors that contribute to the development of this condition. Aim: To examine the causes of facial boils in military personnel, the factors that contribute to their development, and the association between them using factor analysis. Materials and Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 53 patients aged 18 to 25 years were examined and treated for abscess-forming face boils. Of these, 38 (72%) were conscripts and 15 (28%) were contract servicemen. At admission, clinical examinations (complaints, history taking, status localis, facial skin type and status) and laboratory tests (complete blood count, blood chemistry, immunoassay, and bacterial tests, including the composition and antibiotic sensitivity of microflora) were performed. The control group included 30 otherwise healthy individuals aged 18 to 25 years. A mathematical model for predicting maxillofacial boil development in military personnel was generated using binomial regression analysis (logistic regression). The following variables were considered: age, length of service, season of disease development, serum glucose level, lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgA, IgG, IgM, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25brightCD45+; % of all T helper cells), skin type, and microbial composition of maxillofacial skin. Results: The mathematical model revealed that oily skin in combination with specific blood lymphocyte (20.30±1.03%) and IgG parameters (10.15±0.70%) increases the risk of maxillofacial boils in military personnel. Conclusion: The study revealed the cumulative effect of general and local factors on the development and progression of facial boils in military personnel, allowing for more accurate prevention and treatment strategies.

Predictors of tract hemorrhage after external ventricular drain placement: a single-center retrospective study.

External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is often associated with complications; however, predictors of adverse outcomes after EVD placement are not well understood. This study aimed to identify predictors of EVD tract hemorrhage and to compare post-EVD hemorrhage rates between computer-assisted navigation and freehand technique EVD placement. This retrospective study included 147 consecutive patients who presented with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) requiring an EVD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between predictors and adverse outcomes after EVD placement. The most common presenting pathologies in patients who had EVD placement were intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) (43%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (28%). 14% of patients experienced EVD tract hemorrhage. Patients with platelet counts < 120 × 10³/µL (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.01-20, p = 0.038), white blood cell counts < 11 × 10³/µL (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.01-10.7, p = 0.048), and IPH (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.06-10.7, p = 0.048) had increased risks of tract hemorrhage. The use of computer-assisted navigation did not reduce the risk of tract hemorrhage after EVD placement compared to the freehand technique. This study identified factors associated with increased risks of hemorrhage after EVD placement, which can help triage at-risk patients and reduce adverse outcomes of this procedure.

The Roles of Vitamin D Levels, Gla-Rich Protein (GRP) and Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), and Inflammatory Markers in Predicting Mortality in Intensive Care Patients: A New Biomarker Link?

Objectives: Identifying reliable biomarkers to predict mortality in critically ill patients is crucial for optimizing management in intensive care units (ICUs). Inflammatory and metabolic markers are increasingly recognized for their prognostic value. This study aims to evaluate the association of various inflammatory and metabolic markers with ICU mortality. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2023 to January 2024 in the City Hospital’s ICU. A total of 160 critically ill patients were enrolled. Laboratory parameters, including white blood cell (WBC) count, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, neutrophil count, mean platelet volume (MPV), monocyte count, lymphocyte count, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium (Ca++), and vitamin D levels, were analyzed. Additionally, ratios such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) were calculated. Plasma levels of Gla-rich protein (GRP) and dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) were measured using ELISA. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 60.5 ± 15.8 years. Cardiovascular disease was present in 72 patients (45%), respiratory system disease in 58 (36%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 38 (24%). Additionally, 61 patients (38%) had diabetes, and 68 (42%) had hypertension. Inflammatory markers, including PLR, NLR, and PIV, were all significantly higher in non-survivors, while calcium and vitamin D levels were lower (p &lt; 0.05). Higher WBC, RDW, neutrophil count, PLR, NLR, PIV, CRP, procalcitonin, GRP, and dp-ucMGP levels were positively correlated with longer hospital stays and increased mortality. In contrast, platelet and lymphocyte counts were negatively correlated with both outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). Vitamin D levels showed an inverse relationship with both hospital stay and mortality, indicating that lower levels were associated with worse outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, elevated WBC count (OR = 1.20, p = 0.02), RDW (OR = 1.35, p = 0.01), neutrophil count (OR = 1.25, p = 0.01), MPV (OR = 1.20, p = 0.02), PLR (OR = 1.30, p = 0.01), NLR (OR = 1.40, p = 0.001), PIV (OR = 1.50, p = 0.001), CRP (OR = 1.32, p = 0.01), procalcitonin (OR = 1.45, p = 0.001), GRP (OR = 1.40, p = 0.001), and dp-ucMGP (OR = 1.30, p = 0.001) levels were significantly associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Inflammatory and metabolic markers, particularly NLR, PLR, PIV, GRP, and dp-ucMGP, are strong predictors of mortality in ICU patients. These markers provide valuable insights for risk stratification and early identification of high-risk patients, potentially guiding more targeted interventions to improve outcomes.

Risk factors for surgical site infection after general surgery in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective study.

As the number of HIV-infected patients increased, the number of patients requiring general surgery has subsequently increased. However, impairment of immune function due to HIV infection increases the risk of postoperative surgical-site infection and significant harm to patient health. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for surgical-site infection after general surgery. The patients' data were from Zunyi fourth hospital medical information system. Machine learning based Boruta algorithm were used for variable screening. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were performed to examine the relationship between significant variables and surgical-site infection. A total of 125 general surgery postoperative HIV-infected patients participated in the study. Surgical-site pathogen culture identified Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and mixed bacteria as the three most common pathogens causing Surgical-site infection. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to adjust for risk factors identified type III surgical incision (OR = 9.92, 95% CI = 1.28-76.75) and elevated preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12-1.51) as independent risk factors for postoperative surgical-site infection, whereas CD4 + T lymphocyte count greater than 400 cells/µL was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09-0.60) while. The restricted cubic spline analysis results directly reflected the dose-response relationship between continuous variables and postoperative surgical-site infection. Type III incision and an elevated WBC count pose a higher risk of postoperative surgical-site infection. A CD4 + T lymphocyte counts greater than 400 cells/µL provided a protective effect of lower risk of surgical site infection. Preoperative serum neutrophil percentage, albumin level, red blood cell count, and serum urea level within a specific range were beneficial in reducing the risk of incisional infections. Our research provides a theoretical basis for clinical practice.

Hematological Changes in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on Standard Anti-TB Treatment Regimen and their Influence on Smear Conversion

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) mortality remains high despite the availability of effective anti-TB therapy. Disease and treatment-associated hematological derangements at diagnosis and during therapy might contribute to this high TB mortality rate. This paper aims to determine hematological changes in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients on standard anti-TB treatment regimen and their influence on smear conversion. The study adopted a longitudinal design in which 55 newly diagnosed HIV negative PTB patients were followed up to the fifth month of anti-TB therapy. Blood samples (5ml) were collected for diagnosis during the second and fifth months and analyzed using automated HumaCount 5D hematology analyzer. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test in Graph-Pad prism version 6.0. Throughout therapy, there was a statistically significant time-dependent decrease in median total white blood cell counts from 6.82x103/ uL at diagnosis to 5.87x103/ uL at the fifth month (P=0.0358). This decrease in total WBC count was majorly driven by significant decrease in the neutrophil numbers from 4.31x103/ uL at diagnosis to 2.97x103/ uL at the fifth month. The proportion of patients who had anemia at the fifth month of treatment increased compared to the second month post intensive phase. There was also a significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC at the second month compared to diagnosis. Moreover, the median platelet count, MPV, PDW and PCT% decreased from 314x103/ uL, 8.9 fL, 10.4 fL and 0.273 at diagnosis to 232x103/ uL, 10.15 fL, 12.5 fL and 0.235 at the fifth month, respectively. High WBC count, high platelet count, low lymphocyte count and low HGB at the end of month two of therapy were shown to increase the likelihood of sputum non-conversion (OR-2.42 (95% Ci 2.07-2.82)), (OR-1.5 (95% Ci 1.01-2.22)), (OR-1 (95% Ci 1-1)) and (OR-2.58 (95% Ci 1.68-3.95)), respectively (P&lt;0.05). A significant number of PTB patients presented with anemia, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis. The proportion of patients with anemia increased over time. The study recommends screening for hematological abnormalities in patients for tailored patient interventions for better clinical outcomes.

Long-term effects of continuous low dose-rate gamma-ray irradiation on mouse hematopoietic cells.

The present work investigates the long-term effects of continuous low dose-rate (20mGy/day to total doses of 1-8Gy) gamma-ray exposure on the hematopoietic cells of specific pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice. Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts decreased on days 206, 471, and 486, with no significant changes in red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts. The number of colony forming units (CFU-S and CFU-GM) in the bone marrow and spleen from irradiated mice decreased with increasing total dose on day-12 and day-7. The decrease in bone marrow CFU-S persisted throughout the 400-day irradiation period and did not show any recovery up to 210days postirradiation. These findings suggest that the effects of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation on the hematopoietic system remain long after the 400-day irradiation was completed. Further investigation showed no significant difference in life spans of non-irradiated W/Wv (c-kit-deficient) mice inoculated with hematopoietic stem cells from irradiated (20mGy/day for 400days) or nonirradiated wild-type mice. These results suggest that the effects of continuous low-dose-rate irradiation are more pronounced in hematopoietic stromal cells than in HSCs themselves.

Evaluation of anemia Haemoprotozoan diseases in goats by using FAMACHA scoring in Barishal district, Bangladesh

Anemia in goats is a prevalent and significant health issue, characterized by pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, weakness, activity intolerance, reduced body weight, and stunted growth. It is often caused by hemoprotozoan diseases, parasitism (both internal and external), and nutritional deficiencies. For small ruminant farmers, anemia poses severe economic challenges by reducing productivity, including slower growth rates and lower milk yields, and increasing mortality if left untreated. This study was conducted in Barishal Sadar Upazila, Barishal district, over a 3 month period from November 2021, to January 2022 Out of 216 goats examined, 37 cases (17.12%) were diagnosed with anemia. The data revealed that Black Bengal goats had the highest prevalence of anemia (62.16%), followed by Jamunapari (29.73%) and crossbreeds (8.11%). Female goats (62.17%) were more affected than males (37.83%). Anemia was most prevalent in goats aged 13-18 months (59.46%), compared to 7-12 months (24.33%) and 0-6 months (16.21%). The FAMACHA scoring system was used to assess anemia severity, offering an affordable, practical, and accessible tool for evaluating conjunctival color on a scale from 1 (no anemia) to 5 (severe anemia). In this study, I standardized the FAMACHA chart for goats in the Barishal district. The results showed that as FAMACHA scores increased, red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased, while white blood cell (WBC) counts increased, indicating more severe anemia. Elevated WBC counts also suggested possible underlying infections. This study underscores the FAMACHA chart’s effectiveness in diagnosing anemia and highlights its potential as a valuable tool for anemia management in tropical and subtropical regions.

Association between nutritional status, injury severity, and physiological responses in trauma patients

PurposeTo evaluate the predictive value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and Injury Severity Score (ISS) in assessing physiological abnormalities and outcomes in trauma patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 354 trauma patients. Physiological parameters were assessed, including cardiovascular function, inflammatory response, liver and kidney function, and nutritional status. The CONUT score and ISS were calculated for each patient. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of trauma severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive accuracy of the CONUT and ISS scores for adverse outcomes.ResultsSeverely injured patients exhibited more significant abnormalities in cardiovascular function, inflammatory response, liver and kidney function, and nutritional status compared to those with minor injuries. These patients had significantly higher CONUT scores. Logistic regression analysis identified white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and CONUT score as independent predictors of trauma severity. ROC analysis showed that both CONUT and ISS scores effectively predicted adverse outcomes, with ISS demonstrating better specificity.ConclusionThe CONUT and ISS scores are effective tools for predicting physiological abnormalities and adverse outcomes in trauma patients. Incorporating these scores into clinical practice may enhance prognostic assessments and improve management strategies for trauma patients.

Assessment of Haematological Profiles in Apparently Healthy Male Kombai Dogs in Theni District, Tamil Nadu

The hematological profiles of apparently healthy male Kombai dogs in Theni district was studied in this research. Twelve male Kombai dogs had their cephalic veins venipunctured to obtain blood samples, which were then analysed. Red blood cell count, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and haemoglobin content were among the haematological parameters measured. The study also included a total white blood cell count, which includes eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and platelets. This information may be helpful to veterinary clinicians and biomedical researchers.

Hematological changes in women with cervical cancer before and after cancer treatment: retrospective cohort study.

Hematological changes is one of the most common complications occurred in cancer patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the hematological toxicity of cervical cancer patients before and after the initiation of treatment. The retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The hematological profile and sociodemographic and clinical data of the cervical cancer patients were collected using data extraction sheets. The Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data. To compare the median differences in hematological parameters before and after treatment, the Wilcoxon rank test was used. In addition, to assess the presence of an independent association between hematological abnormalities and the independent variables, logistic regression models were used. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for all tests. In current study, the median (Interquartile range) of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, before treatment were 13.2 (12.1, 15) g/dl, 7.5 (5.8, 11.8) *109/L, and 330 (252, 383) *109/L, respectively. However, after treatment the median (Interquartile range) value of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts were significantly lowered. On the other hand, red cell distribution width was significantly greater after treatment. At baseline, the magnitude of leucocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytosis were 27.9%, 24.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. After the treatment, anemia increased to 44.3%, but leucocytosis and thrombocytosis were replaced by leucopenia 18.3% and thrombocytopenia 17.8%, respectively. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were high after chemo-radiotherapy, and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing anemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytosis increased in 7.6, 6.9 and 9 times, respectively. Furthermore, being HIV patients and rural resident increased the risk of developing anemia about twofold. In conclusion hematological abnormalities were observed before and after cervical cancer treatment, with significance increment after chemo-radiotherapy and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing hematological abnormalities increases. Therefore, routine monitoring of hematological changes before and after treatment and screening for major risk factors are important for improved patients' management.

Abstract 4125093: Association of Systemic Inflammatory Index and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Who Had Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introduction: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Inflammatory indicators such as neutrophil count and monocyte count potentially may predict patients’ outcomes and prognosis in ACS. White blood cells count is an affordable and accessible way to assess the systemic immune response. Considering their multidirectional effect on atherosclerosis, new inflammatory biomarkers integrating various leukocyte subgroups have been proposed to calculate the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and systemic inflammatory index (SII). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and Systemic inflammatory index (SII) at admission with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 30-days after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) at one referral hospital in Jordan. Method: A Prospective design was used to assess and follow 150 adults presented with ACS and received PPCI at one referral hospital in Jordan. Data was collected from patients and their medical records during hospital stay using a structured data collection form. The MACE was assessed 30-days after PPCI through phone calls with patients and confirmed from medical records. Results: The study included 150 patients with ACS, 82.7% (n= 124) of them were males. The mean age of patients was 57.68 (SD= 11.19) years. Types of ACS include stable angina 5.3% (n=8), unstable angina 24% (n=36), NSTEMI 28.7% (n=43), and STEMI 24% (n=36). All patients had interventional PCI with balloon and stent insertion. The mean of SIRI was 24.45 (SD=25.49) and the mean of SII was 663.30 (SD= 403.75). Rate of MACE as composite outcome 30-days after PPCI as 24.7% (n=37). The most MACE was unplanned repeat revascularization (n=14, 38% of MACE). Significant association between SIRI and SII, and MACE was found SIRI:(Χ 2 (2)&gt; = 12.63, p = 0.001), SII:(Χ 2 (2)&gt; = 4.23, p = 0.03) . Conclusion: The SIRI and SII are inflammatory biomarkers that should be studied as potentially predictors of MACE among patients presented with ACS.

Enhanced pathogenicity and synergistic effects of co-infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and HoBi-like virus in cattle and guinea pigs

IntroductionThe Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1 (BVDV1) and HoBi-like virus (BVDV3), both within the same genus, share genomic homology and exhibit low antigenic cross-reactivity despite presenting similar clinical manifestations. In 2021, a bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) outbreak on two cattle farms in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China resulted in ten fatalities.MethodsMetagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses were used to identify viral agents, including a co-infection case. A genetic evolution analysis assessed the relationships with related strains. Experimental infections in guinea pigs and calves evaluated the pathogenicity of the virusesResultsPhylogenetic analysis of the BVDV3 isolate IM2201 revealed close relatedness to Brazilian strains, with 97.06% nucleotide homology to the highly virulent strain SV478/07. Experimental co-infection in guinea pigs resulted in more severe clinical signs, including fever, cough, diarrhea, and significant pathological changes, and led to a higher mortality rate (40%) compared to no mortality from single-virus infections with BVDV1 or BVDV3. Similarly, co-infected cattle exhibited more severe clinical signs, including bloody diarrhea and rectal temperatures exceeding 40°C, along with persistent viremia and nasal viral shedding from 7 to 21 days post-infection. Blood analysis revealed significant reductions in white blood cell counts, particularly in co-infected cattle.DiscussionThis study highlights the enhanced pathogenicity and synergistic effects of BVDV1 and BVDV3 co-infection, exacerbating disease severity.

Anti-thrombotic Mechanisms of Echinochrome A on Arterial Thrombosis in Rats: In-Silico, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Studies.

Arterial thrombosis is one of the most significant healthcare concerns in the world. Echinochrome A (Ech-A) is a natural quinone pigment isolated from sea urchins. It has a variety of medicinal values associated with its antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and cardio-protective activities. The current study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Ech-A to inhibit thrombus formation induced by ferric chloride in rats. Twenty-four rats were assigned into four groups (n= 6); sham and thrombotic model groups were orally administered 2% DMSO, while the other groups were treated with two dosages of Ech-A (1 and 10 mg/kg, body weight). After seven days of administration, all groups were exposed to 50% ferric chloride for 10 min, except the sham group exposure to normal saline. The molecular docking showed the free binding energies of Ech-A and vitamin K (Vit. K) with Vit. K epoxide reductase were -8.5 and -9.8 kcal/mol, which confirm the antithrombotic activity of Ech-A. The oral administration of Ech-A caused a significant increase in partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, clotting time, platelet count, fibrinogen levels, factor VIII, glutathione reduced, catalase, nitric oxide, and glutathione S-transferase. While white blood cells count, calcium level, and malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased. The histological examination revealed a definite improvement in the carotid and cardiac tissues in the Ech-A groups. The study results showed that Ech-A prevented thrombosis by several mechanisms, including chelating calcium ions, increasing the NO concentration, suppressing oxidative stress, and antagonizing Vit. K.

Exploring optimal administration timing of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in early breast cancer treated with pharmorubicin and endoxan: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) is a treatment for preventing febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with early breast cancer. However, the optimal injection timing of PEG-rhG-CSF after chemotherapy is obscure. The trial was designed to explore the best administration timing of PEG-rhG-CSF when breast cancer patients could benefit most. Patients with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive a preventive injection on the 7th or 3rd day following chemotherapy. The experimental group (n = 80) received PEG-rhG-CSF treatment on day 7 after chemotherapy, whereas the control group (n = 80) received it on day 3. The occurrence of grades 3-4 neutropenia and FN in the first cycle was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was the frequency of PEG-rhG-CSF dose reduction. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group exhibited higher white blood cell count (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) on the 9th and 13th days following chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia was significantly lower in the experimental group (P = 0.038). Furthermore, a greater proportion of patients in the experimental group met the criteria for reducing the PEG-rhG-CSF dose compared to the control group (69.74% vs. 35.06%, P < 0.001). In comparison with PEG-rhG-CSF injection on day 3 after chemotherapy, the incidence of grade 3-4 myelosuppression is lower, and the safety is more manageable after the injection on day 7. This approach potentially allows for a wider adoption of PEG-rhG-CSF dose reduction, leading to a consequential decrease in overall medical costs for patients. Clinical Trials: NCT04477616. Registered July 16, 2020.