White Belly Research Articles

Influence of parboiling conditions on rice grain quality characters and insect infestation with rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae. L) of some rice cultivars

Parboiling improves rice grain hardness and reduces susceptibility to Sitophilus oryzae infestation by gelatinizing the starch and enhancing resistance.A newly designed electric machine was used to parboil four Egyptian rice cultivars—Sakha 108, Giza 178, Super 300, and Egyptian Yasmin—at 70, 75, and 80 °C and determine their susceptibility to Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infestation. Results indicated that heating affected most traits in all four rice cultivars during both study seasons 2021 and 2022. Super 300 rice cultivar exhibited the highest hulling values (81.23 and 81.42%) when heated to 80 °C, while the Yasmin rice cultivar showed the lowest values for hulling (77.66 and 77.45%) at 70 °C. while Giza 178 cultivar showed a significant decrease in broken percentage (90.85 and 94.02%) compared to control when heated to 80 °C. The results also indicated that the Yasmin rice cultivar had the highest values for white belly, hardness, and gel consistency at 80 °C, while the Sakha 108 cultivar showed the lowest values for these traits at 70 °C. Furthermore, the protein, elongation, and water uptake characters significantly responded to the different investigated treatments. Yasmin cultivar at 80 °C showed the highest significant values for protein (9.26 and 9.47%), elongation (65.02 and 65.44%), and water uptake (453.2 and 455.1 ml water/100 g milled grains) in both seasons. Sakha 108 cultivar had the lowest values for these traits at 70 °C. The S. oryzae insects responded differently to the rice cultivars. Using Dobie’s Index of Susceptibility, all cultivars were classified as resistant to S. oryzae infestation. Super 300 was moderately resistant before parboiling but resistant after heat treatment. In conclusion, the study underscores the influence of pre-storage parboiling on rice weevil infestation, suggesting that heat treatment could serve as an effective control measure. These findings emphasize the importance of parboiling conditions in enhancing rice grain quality and bolstering resistance to insect infestation.

The Colouration in Dicrurus caerulescens (White-bellied Drongo) Follows the Precipitation and Temperature of the Environment

The variation in climatic conditions over space and time is considered a major driving force in speciation. Gloger's rule is one such rule that broadly explains the variation in the colouration of endotherms (birds and mammals) with the effects of climatic parameters. This predicts that endothermic animals tend to have darker colouration in warm and rainy climates. Here we have tried to explain the variation in the belly white colour in Dicrurus caerulescens (White-bellied Drongo), an overall black coloured bird with a variable white belly. The dark bellied birds are considered the subspecies D. c., and the pale bellied birds are considered D. c.insularis (in dryzone of Sri Lanka). A total number of 112 individuals of adult White-bellied Drongo, including field (n=23) and museum samples (n=36) from Sri Lanka (Total 59), and museum samples from India (n=45) and Nepal (n=8) which were deposited at the National Museum of Sri Lanka, Field Museum of Natural History, USA and the Natural History Museum, UK were taken into consideration. The length of the white belly was measured using a dial calliper adopting a standardized method to minimize inconsistencies. To understand how the extent of white belly varied with respect to precipitation and temperature, we adopted generalized least squares (GLS) methods accounting for spatial autocorrelation between data points. The climatic variables were extracted from the world climatic data through QGIS software. The GLS methods were carried out using the ―nlme‖ package in the R Software for different orders of Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) for the squared value of white belly length. To find the best fitting model, we used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) using the package ―AICcmodavg‖ in the R. From this, we found a negative significant effect of the interaction between the temperature and precipitation for the white belly length over the studied area in ARMA (1, 1) correlation (-3.72e-01±-0.022, t= -2.23, p<0.05). The white belly is smaller; hence the birds are darker where there is higher temperature and precipitation. The reverse (pale belly) is true when lower temperatures and/or humidity. Therefore, this follows the Gloger's rule of becoming darker in colouration with the high rainfall and temperature in D. caerulescens. 
 Keywords: Dicrurus caerulescens, Colouration, Gloger's rule, Temperature, Precipitation

Nitrogen fertilization in wheat, in clay soils at the Mexicali valley, Baja California, Mexico

The national and international markets' demand for wheat commercialization is conditioned by quality standards, among which the protein content and percentage of vitreous grain, without white belly, stand out. In them, nitrogen plays an important role in the yield and quality of the wheat grain. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to determine the effect that nitrogen has on yield, grain protein, and the vitreous grain percentage. A field experiment, planted on December 16, 2009, was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with four repetitions. The assessed treatments were 0, 105, 210, 315, and 340 kg of N ha-1 (N0, N105, N210, N315 and N340, respectively). The sown seed was Aconchi F-76 variety crystal wheat. The evaluated variables were grain yield, protein content, and vitreous grain quantity (without white belly). The results indicated that the 210, 315, and 340 kg of N ha-1 treatments affected the yield, protein content, and white belly decrease in the grain. Grain quality is therefore improved with these nitrogen doses, in relation to the quality of the harvested grain in the plots with 0 kg ha-1 and those cultivated with 105 kg ha-1.

A mitochondrion-associated PPR protein, WBG1, regulates grain chalkiness in rice.

Rice kernel quality has vital commercial value. Grain chalkiness deteriorates rice's appearance and palatability. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern grain chalkiness remain unclear and may be regulated by many factors. In this study, we identified a stable hereditary mutant, white belly grain 1 (wbg1), which has a white belly in its mature grains. The grain filling rate of wbg1 was lower than that of the wild type across the whole filling period, and the starch granules in the chalky part were oval or round and loosely arranged. Map-based cloning showed that wbg1 was an allelic mutant of FLO10, which encodes a mitochondrion-targeted P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein. Amino acid sequence analysis found that two PPR motifs present in the C-terminal of WBG1 were lost in wbg1. This deletion reduced the splicing efficiency of nad1 intron 1 to approximately 50% in wbg1, thereby partially reducing the activity of complex I and affecting ATP production in wbg1 grains. Furthermore, haplotype analysis showed that WBG1 was associated with grain width between indica and japonica rice varieties. These results suggested that WBG1 influences rice grain chalkiness and grain width by regulating the splicing efficiency of nad1 intron 1. This deepens understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing rice grain quality and provides theoretical support for molecular breeding to improve rice quality.

Inter-relações genéticas de causa e efeito para atributos de qualidade de grãos de arroz irrigado

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the genetic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of agronomic traits and grain quality attributes with the percentage of whole grains in flood irrigated rice. The experiment was carried out in two environments, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, using 23 irrigated rice genotypes. The evaluated traits were: percentage of whole grains, caryopsis length, caryopsis width, panicle length, panicle weight, 1,000 grain weight, days to flowering, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, total chalky area, total whiteness, vitreous whiteness, and defects in coloring. The percentage of grains with white belly and total chalky area were positively correlated, whereas the percentage of grains with white belly and vitreous whiteness were negatively correlated. The traits caryopsis width, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, panicle weight, and 1,000 grain weight showed indirect effects on whole-grain yield response according to total chalky area and total whiteness. Total chalky area and total whiteness are the factors that most negatively influence the percentage of whole grains according to the genotypic correlations and direct effects.

OsAAP3 Gene Mutation Promotes the Chalkiness Character in Rice

Rice chalkiness is one of the most important appearance quality traits and has a great impact on its processing quality, nutritional quality, cooking, and eating quality traits. It has important theoretical significance and application value to clarify the genetic mechanism of rice chalkiness. To reveal the relationship between chalkiness of OsAAP3 mutant rice and the shape, structure and arrangement of endosperm cells and starch grains, which will lay a foundation for further research on the formation mechanism of chalkiness character of rice and the cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties. The results showed that the chalkiness, chalkiness rate, and chalkiness area of OsAAP3 mutant rice significantly increased compared with the control ZH11, and there were significant variations in the arrangement, morphology, and cross-section starch grain distribution of the endosperm cells of the mutant rice: the white heart area of the mutant increased, and the white belly almost distributed in the edge of the whole rice cross-section. The chalky part and transparent part of the OsAAP3 mutant chalky rice also have obvious variations in the shape, structure, and arrangement of starch grains, but there is no significant difference between the transparent part of the mutant chalky rice and the starch grains of the non-chalky rice. The starch grains in the endosperm center of the OsAAP3 mutant of rice are well developed, but the starch grains in the abdomen and back are loosely arranged, and the starch grains are poorly developed. Therefore, the chalkiness character of OsAAP3 mutant rice increased significantly. The chalkiness character of its mutant mainly occurred in the abdomen, and the rest occurred in the center of the endosperm of rice. Moreover, the arrangement of starch grains in OsAAP3 mutant rice was loose, the grain shape was mostly irregular polyhedrons, and the starch development was poor.

Ethylenediurea reduces grain chalkiness in hybrid rice cultivars under ambient levels of surface ozone in China.

High concentration of tropospheric ozone (O3) causes crop yield losses, which could be reduced by foliar application of ethylenediurea (EDU). Rice grain appearance is a major quality trait that determines the milling quality, white rice productivity and the market value. Grain chalkiness is one of the common defects that deteriorate the grain appearance in rice due to its negative effects on palatability and milling yield. Whether EDU could reduce grain chalkiness in rice which was usually increased by high concentration of O3 is not clarified. We report the grain chalkiness in 19 rice cultivars (CVs) of three types: indica (6 CVs), japonica (5 CVs) and hybrids (8 CVs), observed in an EDU application experiment in the field in China. The ambient O3 level as expressed by accumulated hourly O3 concentration over the threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) for 80 days until maturity reached 12.8 ppm h at a near-by monitoring station. Fraction of the chalky grains (FCG) in the hybrid cultivars was 8% lower in EDU than that in the control treatments, whereas no significant effect of EDU on FCG was found in japonica or indica cultivars. The reduction of FCG due to EDU treatment in hybrid cultivars was attributed to the significant reduction of milky white grains followed by that of white belly grains. Thus, the application of EDU could ameliorate the decline of grain appearance quality in hybrid rice by decreasing the FCG and enhancing the fraction of perfect grains (FPG). Moreover, there were significant interactions between the EDU application and rice cultivars, indicating varietal difference in the protection of grain appearance quality by EDU. These results suggest the need for further studies on the mechanisms of the effects of EDU on grain chalkiness.

Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Activity Is Required for the Phenotypes of the Rpl24Bst Mouse

The variant murine Rpl24Bst allele reduces gene expression by 40% and results in a white belly spot and kinked tail of variable severity and penetrance (Oliver et al., 2004). White belly spots lack melanocytes owing to defects in their motility during development, whereas kinked tails result from fused or wedge-shaped vertebrae (Oliver et al., 2004). Rpl24 encodes the protein RPL24, which is incorporated into the ribosome in the cytoplasm. Notably, altered expression of five other ribosomal protein genes—Rps7, Rps21, Rps19, Rps20, and RACK1—result in belly spots (Dinh et al., 2021; McGowan et al., 2008; Volta et al., 2013; Watkins-Chow et al., 2013).

Secret of The "White Belly Button" During Pregnancy Demystified.

Citation: El Hadadi F, Mezni L, Benzekri L, Meziane M, Senouci K. Secret of the “white belly button” during pregnancy demystified. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022;12(2):e2022062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1202a62

Raptor

Raptor Stella Lee (bio) White cloud sighs stretch across a cornflower horizon. Saturday afternoon feels like a cage as the fan drones on and the bars soldered to the window cut up my view of the world outside. I look out and lazily scan over the same vista: snow, ice, buildings, brick, glass, skeletal tree branches. Day in and out the panorama is the same, same expectations of sunlight glistening, same small puddles on the rooftop, the generators humming. This grey landscape of asphalt dotted with pockets of crystalized water makes a runway to you. I see you. Redtail, white belly, onyx talons, piercing beak. Your slick feathers are like a fading dream. In the heat a carcass whistle. You float and feathers circulate, your curved beak bears the final rites of your prey. Wild and fierce, you perch upon my rooftop. Entrails leisurely plucked apart from the chest. You tear into tendons and cover your wings in blood, your talons dig and dance deep into flesh. There is no longer a body just bones and muscles animated by your hungry movement. I want to get closer to hear you tearing and pulling. Your powerful muscular yellow legs stained in prey. [End Page 81] Stella Lee Stella Lee is a bisexual, Puertorican mother, wife, teacher and Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn poet. She is a fall 2021 Brooklyn Poets Fellow and Cave Canem Fellow. Copyright © 2022 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

A New Inland Record of the Bull Shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle 1839) from Peninsular Malaysia

A single specimen of a bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle 1839) with c. 102 cm of total length was landed and photographed on 25 March 2019 in Sungai Mawai Lama, about 25 km inland, Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. This rare finding represents only the second record of C. leucas in inland Peninsular Malaysia. This shark was identified as C. leucas by the snout much shorter than the width of mouth and bluntly rounded, first dorsal fin triangular, rearward sloping, originating over or slightly behind pectoral insertion, second dorsal fin much smaller than the first dorsal fin (< 3.1:1), and lack of an interdorsal ridge. The coloration of fresh specimen: greyish back and white belly, the dark coloration on the tip of the caudal fins and second dorsal fin. This species is currently listed as a vulnerable species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Further study and monitoring are needed to assess the possibility of the importance of Sungai Mawai Lama as critical habitat of C. leucas.

A detection method of the turned white belly fish based on improved SSD

Aquaculture water pollution and fish disease caused the phenomenon of fish turning white belly. The accurate detection of the phenomenon of fish turning white belly was of great significance for emergency warning, reducing loss and improving the quality of aquatic products. There were few studies on the detection of the turned white belly fish in the fish swarm. The current research was mainly to identify single the turned white belly fish under a simple background, which was not applicable in the real aquaculture environment. In order to solve the above problems, a detection method of the white belly fish based on improved SSD was proposed in a complex environment. Crucian carp was taken as the experimental object and the proposed detection method of the turned white belly fish had been tested on the real dataset. The results showed that the average detection accuracy of white-bellied fish was 99.8%, and the average detection accuracy of normal fish was 98.8%, which was suitable for the complex environment with high breeding density and many interferences.

KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES BURUNG DI HUTAN MANGROVE PULAU KELAGIAN BESAR PROVINSI LAMPUNG

The existence of mangrove forests is very important in an area because as a habitat for various types of wildlife, especially birds. This study aims to determine the diversity of bird species in the Kelagian Besar Mangrove Forest, Lampung Province. Data on bird species diversity was obtained by the IPA (Indices Ponctual Abundance) method. Data collection of bird species by recording the type and number of individual birds found. Species identification also uses the method of bird recognition directly by people who know the birds in the area such as the local community or an expert on birds. Data obtained in the field are then analyzed using the Shanon-Winner diversity index formula. The results found 27 species of birds from 21 families with a total of 741 individual birds in the Kelagian Besar Mangrove Forest. While the diversity index value is 2.26 with medium index criteria. There are 8 protected bird species, namely the black-necked darautaut (Sterna sumatrana), the white-wing daralaut (Chlidonias leucopterus), the oyster daralaut (Gelochelidon nilotica), the white belly eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaste), the brontok eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus), oyster belly Rhipidura javanica), sabine seagulls (Xema sabini), and large fissures (Fregata minor).

English

The study was conducted in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 rainy seasons at Nanzolo, Domasi and Mkondezi in three replications using the RCBD following the Mother-Baby Trial Approach. The objective of the study was to evaluate grain yield of twelve high-yielding rice (Oryza sativa) varieties that were selected and shared from elite Doubled Haploid germplasms of a Collaborative Project of KAFACI (RDA) and AGRA at Suwon in Korea and Africa Rice Centre, Senegal. An improved variety called Mtupatupa was used as a common check. Data collection was done on several traits including plant height at maturity, number of effective tillers and DUS as well as VCU. The two lines SR35285-HB3469-6 and Sahel 328 met farmers’ preferences during participatory variety selection because of earliness to maturity, high grain yield, medium to slender grain shape and long to extra-long, moderate aroma and absence of the white belly on the endosperm. The Genotype × Environment interaction summarized by the biplot of the two principal component axes explains 96.56% of the Genetics and Genotype × Environmental (GGE) variation. The hierarchical clustering pattern showed two main clusters in the dendrogram description. Genotypes SR35285-HB3469-6 and Sahel 328 had been therefore released as Wachangu and Makafaci, respectively, for lowland cultivation in Malawi. Key words: Doubled Haploid, principal component analysis, DUS and VCU, GGE biplot, grain quality, grain yield, lowland, PVS.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG AIR DI KAWASAN EKOWISATA HUTAN BAKAU DESA LAKAWALI KECAMATAN MALILI KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR

This research discusses the exploration of bird species diversity in the mangrove ecotourism area of Lakawali Village, Malili District, East Luwu Regency. The aim of this research is to explore the diversity of bird species and their distribution in several mangrove and pond ecosystems in Malili District, East Luwu Regency. The research was conducted at four observation stations in the mangrove ecosystem, namely the mangrove ecosystem in Lakawali Pantai Village, Usu Village, Pinrang Malili Village, and PasiPasi Village. The object of this research was the bird species (avifauna) which found at four observation stations in the mangrove ecosystem and aquaculture ponds in Malili District. Data were collected using the IPA method (Index Puncuald'Abondence), observation, and documentation. Data analysis was done by counting the number of bird species from each order found, while the conservation status was determined based on Permen LHK No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 and the IUCN’s red list. The results of the research showed that the number of bird species found in mangrove ecosystems and aquaculture ponds around mangroves in the Malili district consisted of 48 species of 13 orders, dominated by Passeriformes and Ciconiiformes. The distribution of the highest number of bird species was found in the KampungPinrangMalili area, followed by Ussu Village, LakawaliPantai Village, and the lowest was in PasiPasi Village. There are two types of birds with NT conservation status (Near Threatened = almost threatened), namely the white belly albatross or Spizaetuscirrhatus (Gmelin, 1788) and the Sulawesi snake eagle or Spilornisrufipectus (Gould, 1858), most of which have the least concern (low risk) LC conservation status and are not protected.

Multiobjective optimization of parboiled rice quality attributes and total energy consumption

This study was designed to investigate, model and optimize the effect of process factors (soaking temperature, soaking time, steaming time and paddy moisture content) on rice quality attributes and total energy consumption of a commercially grown rice variety (FARO 60) using response surface methodology. The optimum processing conditions obtained for the rice quality attributes and total energy consumption varies from one another. The milling recovery, head rice yield, white bellies, lightness, colour, and total energy consumption values of the parboiled rice ranges from 68.46 - 72.34%; 67.71 - 71.42%; 0.50 - 4.30%; 22.03 - 33.00; 14.10 - 21.21 and 45.27 - 73.68 MJ, respectively. The second-order polynomial models were observed to be fit in predicting milling recovery, head rice yield, white bellies and total energy consumption with the coefficient of determination (R2) that range from 78.71 to 95.03% while colour and lightness values were not fit with R2 ranging from 24.05 to 52.95%. The multiobjective optimization for desirable parboiled rice quality attributes and total energy consumption showed that universal optimum condition was found at 64°C soaking temperature, 11 h soaking time, 35 min steaming time and 17% paddy moisture content. The approach used and information obtained from this study would be useful for rice processors as a strategic means of minimizing total energy consumption, without compromising its desirable quality attributes.
 Keywords: Multiobjective Optimization; Parboiled Rice Quality Attributes; Total Energy Consumption

Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Hasan V, Widodo MS. 2020. Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4433-4439. A single subadult specimen of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas was photographed and captured by local fisherman using casting net on June 2020 in the upper Indragiri River, Riau Province, Indonesia. Carcharhinus leucas are one of only a few species of elasmobranchs that live in both marine and freshwater environments. This species currently listed as a near-threatened species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Singel specimen identified as C. leucas by the coloration of fresh specimen: white belly and greyish back, first dorsal fin high, tip of second dorsal and caudal fins black. Meristic characters measurement results as follows: total length 102 cm; fork length 86.3 cm; preanal length 65.1 cm; pre pelvic length 51.9 cm; pre pectoral length 22.5 cm; pre-orbital length 8.3 cm; head length 25 cm; pre-first dorsal length 29.4 cm; pre-second dorsal length 56 cm, and pre-caudal length 78.1 cm. This photo is considered as the third record from freshwaters of Sumatra after in the Batang Hari River, Jambi Province in 1997, and in the Musi River, South Sumatra Province in 2019. The photographic records indicate that a single specimen of C. leucas was found in the upper Indragiri River recorded more than 150 km inland. These results enhanced the understanding of C. leucas distribution in Sumatra freshwaters. Monitoring is needed to assess the possibility of the importance of the upper Indragiri River as a migration route, nursery, and growth ground of C. leucas. Studying small scale habitat use of C. leucas is challenged by their preferred habitats in freshwaters environments with fast-changing environmental conditions. Water conditions in the upper Indragiri River, namely salinity 0‰, temperature 25-27°C, dissolved oxygen 3.9-11.1 mg/l, are ideal for A. leucas habitat.

Estimates of genetic selection gain in irrigated F3 rice families

Rice production estimate in Brazil is 10.7 million tons, of which approximately 80% comes from the flood irrigation system in the southern region. Rice breeding programs have an important role in the development of cultivars with high production potential and industrial quality. This study estimates variance components and genetic parameters in F 3 families, and predicts the genetic gain in rice grain quality for the F 4 generation. We used fifty-six (56) F 3 families obtained from the advance of generations of the hybrid BRSCIRAD 302. This hybrid was selected for its traits of agronomic and scientific interest, such as grain yield and industrial yield. The hybrid was developed by Embrapa in partnership with CIRAD (Center for International Cooperation in Agronomic Research for Development) for Rio Grande do Sul State through the crossing of CIRAD 464 (M) × SBT 106 (F). The quality of the selected families was analyzed for amylose content, white belly, and gelatinization temperature. The F 3 families showed low gelatinization temperature. Selection of BRSCIRAD 302 hybrid families with smaller white belly spots and higher amylose content may be more successful if carried out between F 3 families. Twenty-two (22) families showed amylose content higher than that of the highest parent (29.44%). The predicted genetic gain in amylose content was 4.85% for families derived from the hybrid BRSCIRAD 302.

A new species of hagfish, Eptatretus wandoensis sp. nov. (Agnatha, Myxinidae), from the southwestern Sea of Korea.

Four specimens of the five-gilled white mid-dorsal line hagfish, Eptatretus wandoensissp. nov. were recently collected from the southwestern Sea of Korea (Wando). This new species has five pairs of gill apertures, 14–18 prebranchial slime pores, 4 branchial slime pores, a dark brown back with a white mid-dorsal line and a white belly. These hagfish are similar to Eptatretus burgeri and Eptatretus minor in having a white mid-dorsal line, but can be readily distinguished by the numbers of gill apertures (5 vs. 6–7), gill pouches (5 vs. 6), and prebranchial slime pores (14–18 vs. > 18), as well as the body color (dark brown back vs. gray or brown pale). In terms of genetic differences, Eptatretus wandoensis could be clearly distinguished from E. burgeri (0.9% in 16S rRNA and 8.5% in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences) and E. minor (4.5% and 13.9%).

Agro-economic performance of bur gherkin under staking systems

ABSTRACT The bur gherkin cultivation is predominantly carried out without a staking system, but problems such as the "white belly" and fruit rot occur in this system. This study aimed to evaluate staking systems for bur gherkin plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (no staking, agricultural netting staking, Mexican staking, vertical ribbon with total secondary stem thinning and vertical ribbon with alternate secondary stem thinning) and four replicates. The fresh mass and number of fruits per plant, fruit length and average diameter, number and fresh mass of fruits with white belly per plant, fresh mass per fruit and total yield were evaluated, as well as the economic indicators gross income, net income, rate of return and profitability index. For all the staking systems, the incidence of fruits with white belly was lower. The agricultural netting (43.75 t ha-1), Mexican (35.94 t ha-1) and vertical ribbon with alternate secondary stem thinning (22.24 t ha-1) systems promoted yields superior to that for no staking. The best economic indicator (US$ 21,031.46 ha-1) was observed for the agricultural netting staking, which is the most recommended for the bur gherkin cultivation.