Whey Protein Supplementation Research Articles

Alleviating effect of whey protein supplementation on oxidative stress in hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent thyroid pathologies, which causes oxidative stress by disrupting antioxidant mechanisms. In mammals, the thyroid glands regulate metabolism, development, and growth. Dysfunction of the thyroid gland can result in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. Whey protein is a widely consumed protein supplement containing abundant sulphur-containing amino acids and bioactive peptides. Here, we analysed the effect of whey protein on oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. In vivo studies were conducted in two phases for 30 and 90 days, respectively. Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar albino rats by administering 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) through drinking water. Five hypothyroid groups and the normal control group were maintained in the first 30 day phase of the study. Among these, one group served as the induced control group, three groups received whey protein at different concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mg per kg body weight), and the last group received L-thyroxine (2 μg per 100 g body weight) as a positive medication. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase, were analysed, and the levels of total antioxidants, glutathione, and malondialdehyde were determined. Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K+ ATPase activities were detected by estimating the inorganic phosphate content. Histopathological analysis was carried out on the thyroid and liver tissues of all groups. Antioxidant activity was notably increased for higher doses of whey protein compared to that in the diseased control group (p < 0.05). From this initial study, the dose that achieved the desired therapeutic effect was 500 mg kg-1, which was considered for the next 90 day phase of the study. The 90 day phase of the study was conducted with five groups: normal, whey protein-supplemented, hypothyroid, whey protein-supplemented hypothyroid, and levothyroxine-supplemented hypothyroid. All the PTU-treated groups showed degenerative alterations in thyroid histology. Whey protein supplementation causes a considerable decrease in MDA levels with an increase in the major antioxidant enzyme and ATPase activities, with p < 0.05. As a nutritional supplement, whey protein, at a 500 mg kg-1 dose, effectively boosts antioxidant activity without causing any toxicological concerns in long-term use.

Effect of different doses of whey proteins on muscle strength, body composition and gene expression of mTOR and MuRF-1 in trained Wistar rats

Introduction: The combination of resistance training (RT) and whey protein supplementation (WPS) is widely practiced by both athletes and recreational exercisers to promote muscle growth and increase strength. Objectiveː This study examined the effect of different doses of whey proteins on muscle strength, body composition and gene expression of mTOR and MuRF-1 in trained Wistar rats. Methodsː 80 male Wistar rats were divided into 8-groups (n=10): sedentary control (C), RT-control (TC), groups consuming whey protein at varying doses (W2, W4, and W6; respectively 2/4/6g/kg/day), and groups consuming whey protein at varying doses combined to RT (TW2, TW4, and TW6; respectively 2/4/6g/kg/day). The RT program was conducted for 12 weeks, three days a week, with the training intensity increasing from 50 to 100% of the rats' body weight. The rats receiving the whey supplement via the gavage method based on their body weight. Resultsː Muscle strength significantly increased in all trained groups (p&lt;0.0001), with a more significant increase in the groups RT and WPS combined. In addition, the expression of mTOR was higher in the RT groups compared to the sedentary groups (p&lt;0.01), but supplementation did not yield significant differences. WPS decreased MuRF-1 expression (p&lt;0.01) independently of RT. Conclusionː In conclusion, RT combined with WPS for 12 weeks improved muscle strength. Furthermore, mTOR expression increased in trained rats, but not in sedentary rats who used different doses of WPS. However, WPS at any dose reduced MuRF-1 expression, independently of RT. Higher WPS doses did not enhance observed gains compared to a lower dose. Keywords: whey protein, body composition, resistance training, mTOR, MuRF-1.

Drug abuse and ACS in the very young (less than 30 years): Demographic, clinical and angiographic profile

AimTo identify incidence, type of drug abuse study clinical and angiographic profile in very young population presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and methodsAll consecutive patients less than 30 years with ACS included and segregated into Group 1 and 2 (with and without drug abuse respectively) Resultn = 153; n = 17 in group 1 of whom 35.29 % consumed opium, 17.64 % energy drinks, 17.64 % whey protein supplements, 17.64 % inhaled marijuana, 5.88 % heroin and spasmoproxyvon and 23.52 % multi-substance abusers. STEMI, Single vessel disease and urban domicile were predominant. Rising trends of drug abuse were identified in prospective (28.20 %) versus retrospective (5.30 %) timeframe (p = 0.011). ConclusionRising trends of drug abuse, a potentially modifiable risk factor of ACS in the young are alarming. Strict regulations are needed to curb this menace.

Effect of the WHEY protein on pregnancyneonatal outcomes and prophylactic effect on fetal growth restriction cases: A randomized clinical trial

Background: WHEY protein is a high-quality protein source that is easily absorbed and utilized by the body. It has a beneficial effect on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the impact of WHEY protein on pregnancy-neonatal outcomes and its prophylactic effect on Fetal growth restriction (FGR) cases. Patients and methods: This study was a prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted on 300 pregnant females from attendees of obstetrics and gynecology clinics of Al Azhar University Hospitals. They were randomly divided into two groups: Case group: The intervention group (150 cases) received a daily WHEY protein supplement containing 25 grams of protein, and the Control Group: 150 cases received a placebo supplement. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding demographic criteria (P&gt;0.01), and the prevalence of FGR was (20% vs 18.75) in the studied groups. According to fetal biometry at birth, there was no statistically significant difference regarding sonographic parameters between the appropriate gestational age (AGA) in the studied groups (P&gt;0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding complete blood parameters, platelets, or PTT (P&gt;0.01). There was a highly statistically significant difference regarding PT between the studied groups (P&lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding liver and kidney function tests (P&gt;0.01). There was a highly statistically significant difference regarding total proteins and serum calcium between the studied groups (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: WHEY protein supplementation did not affect fetal growth, but it improved some maternal parameters, such as total protein and PT.

Whey protein supplementation but not resistance exercise improves cognitive function in older men

Whey protein supplementation but not resistance exercise improves cognitive function in older men

“Whey Protein Supplements between Bodybuilders” Health, Risk of Diseases and Myth: A Narrative Review 2010-2024

This narrative review evaluates the most recent studies on the health effects of whey protein (WP) supplements, with a focus on potential risks and negative consequences. WP, which is frequently taken by bodybuilders to gain muscle and lose weight, has been linked to a number of health problems. Twenty-four preclinical and human studies that provide a complete overview of the health effects of WP were included in our comprehensive review after a comprehensive search of various databases. The review provides important findings, including a possible link between WP and kidney and liver damage, changes in bowel activity, acne, effects on bone metabolism, and pancreatic beta cell activity. The above findings highlight the complex nature of the impact of weightlifting on human health, revealing both positive and negative consequences in relation to different situations in diverse contexts. Research suggests that individuals with impaired liver and kidney function, as well as those prone to acne, should be cautious when consuming protein, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, there may be positive effects on gut activity, bone and muscle metabolism, and pancreatic activity in humans and experimental animals, emphasizing the importance of consuming WP in a balanced manner and calling for more comprehensive research to understand its long-term health consequences.

Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BackgroundThe efficacy of whey protein supplement (WPS) in improving muscle strength, physical performance, and body composition in older adults has been widely promoted. However, the results of randomized clinical trials in this regard have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the impact of WPS, compared to a placebo, during or without training on muscle strength, physical function, and body composition in older adults. MethodsRandomized controlled trials were thoroughly searched using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, Scopus databases up to June 2024. The analysis focused on key parameters such as handgrip strength (HS), leg press, knee extension, gait speed (GS), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Timed-up and go test (TUG), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). A pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model based on standard mean differences (SMD). ResultsThirty studies involving 2105 participants aged 60 and older met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 26 RCTs showed no significant positive effect of WPS on HS (n= 11, SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: –0.13, 0.49; I2= 69%), 6MWT (n= 5, SMD: -0.08; 95%CI: -0.31, 0.16; I2= 0%), GS test (n=4, SMD: -0.08; 95%CI: -0.43, 0.28; I2= 36%), TUG test (n=9, SMD: 0.0, 95% CI -0.15, 0.14; I2= 0%), LBM (n=11, SMD: 0.02; 95%CI: -0.13, 0.17; I2= 0%), FM (n=15, SMD: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.18, 0.10; I2= 0%). However, ASM significantly improved after WPS consumption but with high heterogeneity (n= 2, SMD: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.51; I2= 69%). In interventions incorporating RE, statistically significant positive effects of WPS on lower body strength were observed (n= 11, SMD: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.45; I2= 0%). ConclusionThe present meta-analysis indicates that whey protein supplementation (WPS), when combined with resistance training (RT), can enhance lower body strength but does not seem to have a significant beneficial effect on handgrip strength, physical performance, or body composition. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential benefits of WPS in this population.

Whey Protein Intervention and Inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Whey protein (WP), a high-biological-value protein contained in milk, may have anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce proinflammatory cytokines; however, the current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of whey protein supplementation on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in adults. We conducted a comprehensive search up to March 2022 using relevant key words in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs that examined the impact of WP on C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity were selected independently by 2 authors. Results were pooled using a random-effects model as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. The results of the present study demonstrated that WP supplementation had no significant effect on the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress compared with the control. None of the predefined subgroup analyses explained the differences in the effects of WP supplementation on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. This research suggests that WP supplementation had no significant effect on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022325855.

Nutritional Intervention for the Elderly during Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

This study aims to review existing literature on the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) during chemotherapy in older cancer patients. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies up to March 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Eligible studies included randomized, prospective, and retrospective studies evaluating the effect of ONSs in elderly (median age > 65 years) cancer patients during chemotherapy. Data regarding chemotherapy adherence, toxicity, overall survival, and nutritional status were extracted. A total of ten studies, involving 1123 patients, were included. A meta-analysis of the results was not conducted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of results. Some ONSs were associated with reduced incidence of chemotherapy side-effects, particularly oral mucositis, and improved nutritional status. There was limited or no evidence regarding the impact of ONSs on chemotherapy adherence or overall survival. Various types of ONS were investigated, including multimodal intervention with tailored nutritional counseling, whey protein supplements, amino acids supplements (including immune nutrition supplements), and fish oil omega-3-enriched supplements. ONSs showed promise in reducing chemotherapy side-effects and improving nutritional status in older cancer patients, but further studies are needed to explore their efficacy on chemotherapy adherence and overall survival. Future research should consider both chronological age and frailty criteria, account for dietary habits, and use specific nutritional assessment like Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Concerns over the Utility of Phase Angle and its Association with Muscle Function

Introduction: Phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used as an indicator of cellular hydration, muscle function, and nutritional status. Positive relationships between PhA and various measures of muscle function have been reported but it remains unclear whether PhA retains its predictive utility of muscle function, or whether it performs better than fat-free mass (FFM) in the context of muscle function. Methods: This perspective highlights secondary analyses of data collected during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined indices of recovery with different whey protein supplements after muscle-damaging exercise among resistance-trained adults. Results: Bivariate correlations between phase angle and quadriceps twitch force were positively correlated at baseline, 24-h, and 72-h post-exercise. In linear regression, FFM was shown to account for nearly 44% (partial r = 0.662) of the variance in quadriceps twitch force independent of phase angle at 24-h. A similar pattern emerged at 48-h and 72-h post-exercise Conclusions: Within this framework, these data demonstrate that: 1) PhA exhibits a weaker correlation to quadriceps twitch force compared to FFM and 2) in the context of muscle function, PhA does not provide additional information beyond that of FFM alone. Investigators should consider adjusting for FFM when evaluating the relationship between PhA and muscle function outcomes.

Impact on silk synthesis resulting from whey protein supplementation and hydration in silkworm diet, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Impact on silk synthesis resulting from whey protein supplementation and hydration in silkworm diet, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Effects of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on cognitive function in older men: secondary analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

PurposeAgeing is associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of resistance exercise (RE) and whey protein supplementation (PRO) on cognitive function in older men. MethodsIn a pooled-groups analysis, 36 older men (age: 67 ± 4 years) were randomised to either RE (2 x/week; n = 18) or no exercise (NE; n = 18), and either PRO (2 × 25 g/d whey protein isolate; n = 18) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 18). A sub-analysis was also conducted between RE + CON (n = 9) and RE + PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests (CANTAB; Cambridge Cognition, UK) and neurobiological, inflammatory, salivary cortisol and insulin sensitivity biomarkers were quantified. ResultsPRO improved executive function z-score (+0.31 ± 0.08) greater than CON (+0.06 ± 0.08, P = 0.03) and there was a trend towards improved global cognitive function (P = 0.053). RE and RE + PRO did not improve any cognitive function domains (p ≥ 0.07). RE decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.02) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.048) concentrations compared to NE, but changes in biomarkers did not correlate with changes in cognitive domains. Muscle strength (r = 0.34, P = 0.045) and physical function (ρ = 0.35–0.51, P < 0.05) outcomes positively correlated with cognitive function domains at baseline, but only Δskeletal muscle index correlated with Δepisodic memory (r = 0.34, P = 0.046) following the intervention. ConclusionIn older men, PRO improved cognitive function, most notably executive functioning. RE did not improve any cognitive function domains but did decrease biomarkers of systemic inflammation. No synergistic effects were observed.

#2831 A randomised controlled study of a Combined Home-based ExERcISe and Nutritional ApproacH to improve frailty in kidney transplant recipients (CHERISH)

Abstract Background and Aims Post-transplantation frailty is common, with a prevalence of up to 52% in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and is associated with increased mortality, recurrent hospitalisation and inferior quality of life (QoL). Resistance exercise training (RET) was found to improve frailty in this patient group. Both high and low protein intakes were associated with potential risk of graft failure. To date, no studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of RET combined with protein supplementation (RETPS) in KTRs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of RETPS on kidney function and frailty status in KTRs, and assess its impact on QoL. Method Forty clinically stable KTRs ≥1 year post-transplantation [mean age = 54 ± 14 years; 50% male, median time post-transplantation = 7 years] were enrolled and randomised to either RET (n = 20) or RETPS (n = 20). All participants completed a 30-minute home-based progressive RET regimen 2-3 times weekly for 12 weeks, guided by an exercise worksheet and a study-specific video link. Participants received weekly telephone call to ensure safety and compliance of the interventions. The RETPS group received additional body-weight adjusted whey protein supplementation 1-hour post exercise. Total daily dietary protein intake did not exceed 1.40 g/kg/day to confine to a safe level of protein consumption in KTRs. Kidney function was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine, and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Frailty was evaluated using Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB), 60-second Sit-to-Stand test (60s-STST), handgrip- (HG) and back-leg-chest- (BLC) derived muscle strength, bioimpedance-derived lean tissue index (LTI), and ultrasound-derived thigh muscle thickness (TMT). QoL was assessed using Short Form (SF) -36 questionnaire. All measurements were performed at baseline and at week 12. Results Kidney function did not differ significantly between baseline and week 12 in both RET [eGFR: 62.1 vs 59.7 ml/min; creatinine: 107.3 vs 111.5 μmol/L; ACR: 12.8 vs 10.4 mg/mmol] and RETPS [eGFR: 61.2 vs 60.7 ml/min; creatinine: 101.1 vs 102.2 μmol/L; ACR: 17.6 vs 20.9 mg/mmol] groups. Frailty status assessed by FFP and SPPB improved in both RET [FFP: 2.5 vs 1.3, P &amp;lt; .001; SPPB: 7.2 vs 11.6, P &amp;lt; .001] and RETPS [FFP: 2.8 vs 1.1, P &amp;lt; .001; SPPB: 6.4 vs 10.9, P &amp;lt; .001] groups, but the improvements did not differ significantly between groups (P &amp;gt; 0.23). Improvements in 60s-STST, HG-derived muscle strength, BLC-derived muscle strength, and ultrasound-derived TMT were observed in both RET [60s-STST: 23 vs 27, P &amp;lt; .001; HG-derived muscle strength: 24 vs 30 kg, P &amp;lt; .001; BLC-derived muscle strength: 62 vs 71 kg, P &amp;lt; .001; ultrasound-derived TMT: 15 vs 19 mm, P &amp;lt; .001] and RETPS [60s-STST: 20 vs 29, P &amp;lt; .001; HG-derived muscle strength: 24 vs 32 kg, P &amp;lt; .001; BLC-derived muscle strength: 57 vs 80 kg, P &amp;lt; .001; ultrasound-derived TMT: 14 vs 21 mm, P &amp;lt; .001] groups, with greater improvements in RETPS group for 60s-STST (P &amp;lt; .01), HG-derived muscle strength (P &amp;lt; .05), BLC-derived muscle strength (P &amp;lt; .05), and ultrasound-derived TMT (P &amp;lt; .001). For bioimpedance-derived LTI, improvement was observed only in RETPS group [12.8 vs 14.8 kg/m2, P &amp;lt; .05]. SF-36-derived overall-, physical- and mental- related QoL improved in both groups (P &amp;lt; .05 for all), with RETPS group reporting a greater improvement in physical-related QoL (P &amp;lt; .05). Conclusion This represents the first study demonstrating RET combined with protein supplementation is safe and effective in improving frailty and QoL in KTRs. Protein supplementation augments increased muscle mass and strength beyond RET effect, further enhancing improvement in physical-related QoL.

Strategies to Improve the Quality of Goat Yogurt: Whey Protein Supplementation and Milk Pre-Treatment with High Shear Dispersion Assisted by Ultrasound

This work investigated the fermentation kinetics and characteristics of goat yogurt supplemented with bovine whey protein isolate (WPI) (0%, 2.5% and 5.0%) subjected to high shear dispersion (HSD) assisted by ultrasound (US). Protein supplementation and the physical processes increased the electronegativity of the zeta potential (≤60%), whereas particle size reduction was observed only with physical processes (≤42%). The addition of 2.5% WPI reduced yogurt fermentation time by 30 min. After 24 h of storage at 7 °C, lactic acid bacteria counts did not differ between samples (≥8 log CFU/mL), and the supplementation was sufficient to increase the apparent viscosity (≤5.65 times) and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the yogurt (≤35% increase). However, supplementation combined with physical processes promoted greater improvements in these parameters (6.41 times in apparent viscosity and 48% in WHC) (p &lt; 0.05), as confirmed by the denser and better-organized protein clusters observed in microscopic evaluation. Thus, both approaches proved to be promising alternatives to improve goat yogurt quality. Therefore, the decision to adopt these strategies, either independently or in combination, should consider cost implications, the product quality, and market demand.

The effects of whey, pea, and collagen protein supplementation beyond the recommended dietary allowance on integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic rates in older males: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSkeletal muscle mass is determined predominantly by feeding-induced and activity-induced fluctuations in muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Older individuals display a diminished MPS response to protein ingestion, referred to as age-related anabolic resistance, which contributes to the progression of age-related muscle loss known as sarcopenia. ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the impact of consuming higher-quality compared with lower-quality protein supplements above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) on integrated MPS rates. We hypothesized that increasing total protein intake above the RDA, regardless of the source, would support higher integrated rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis. MethodsThirty-one healthy older males (72 ± 4 y) consumed a controlled diet with protein intake set at the RDA: control phase (days 1–7). In a double-blind, randomized controlled fashion, participants were assigned to consume an additional 50 g (2 × 25g) of whey (n = 10), pea (n = 11), or collagen (n = 10) protein each day (25 g at breakfast and lunch) during the supplemental phase (days 8–15). Deuterated water ingestion and muscle biopsies assessed integrated MPS and acute anabolic signaling. Postprandial blood samples were collected to determine feeding-induced aminoacidemia. ResultsIntegrated MPS was increased during supplemental with whey (1.59 ± 0.11 %/d; P < 0.001) and pea (1.59 ± 0.14 %/d; P < 0.001) when compared with RDA (1.46 ± 0.09 %/d for the whey group; 1.46 ± 0.10 %/d for the pea group); however, it remained unchanged with collagen. Supplemental protein was sufficient to overcome anabolic signaling deficits (mTORC1 and rpS6), corroborating the greater postprandial aminoacidemia. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that supplemental protein provided at breakfast and lunch over the current RDA enhanced anabolic signaling and integrated MPS in older males; however, the source of additional protein may be an important consideration in overcoming age-related anabolic resistance.This trial was registered clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04026607.

The Effect of Whey Protein Supplements on Acne Vulgaris among Male Adolescents and Young Adults: A Case-Control Study from North of Jordan.

Young people and athletes willing to gain muscle mass and strength are likely to consume whey protein supplements. The effect of milk as a dietary source of whey protein on acne is still controversial. At the same time, a few studies have suggested an acnegenic impact of whey protein supplements. To examine the association of whey protein supplements on acne risk among male adolescents and young adults. 201 male teenagers and young adults attending fitness centers in Irbid/Jordan were involved in an observational case-control research; those with acne were deemed cases, and those without acne were considered controls. The primary outcome was a comparison of the proportion of participants in each group who consumed whey protein supplements within the previous three months. 100 acne-afflicted participants were compared to 101 healthy controls with similar demographics, including age, body mass index, educational level, and smoking habits, as well as intake of vitamin B12, corticosteroids, and anabolic steroids. However, considerably more participants in the acne group (47%) were taking whey protein supplements than in the control group (27.7%) (p=0.0047). The significance of this difference was maintained after multivariate analysis. This case-control study provides evidence of a positive association between whey protein consumption and acne risk.

Role of Whey Protein in the Treatment Outcome of Maxillofacial Trauma Patients: An Interventional Study.

Maxillofacial fracture severely affects the diet of the patients leading to reduction of body weight. Facial trauma affects the muscles of mastication and the bones of face leading to reduction in bite force. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of whey protein supplement in the postoperative period of maxillofacial trauma patients with respect to body weight, bite force and callus formation. Patients were divided into control group and study group having 20 patients each. The control group received usual modified diet for maxillofacial fracture and study group received same diet along with whey protein for 6weeks. There was mean weight loss of 3.15kg in control group whereas there was no weight loss of in the study group. There was statistically significant increase in bite force in the study group compared to the control group with p value < 0.05. Early callus formation was seen in study group compared to control group. Our results showed that patients who were supplemented with whey protein had no loss of body weight, better masticatory efficiency, better healing of the fracture sites and overall early recovery.

Whey protein supplementation reduced the liver damage scores of rats fed with a high fat-high fructose diet.

Different functional foods with bioactive nutrients are being explored for the management of NAFLD. Whey proteins are rich in bioactive peptides and are suggested to show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We aim to test the hypothesis that the whey protein supplementation following a high fat-high fructose (HFHF) diet would protect against liver damage, inflammation, endotoxemia and steatosis in male Wistar rats. 36 rats were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks as the HFHF diet group, HFHF diet and whey protein isolate (WPI-200mg/kg/day) group (HFHF+WPI), control (C) group, and C+WPI (200mg/kg/day) group. Rats fed with a HFHF diet had higher final body weight compared to C and C+WPI groups (p = 0.002). Thus, WPI showed no significant effects for the body weight of rats with a HFHF diet. On the other hand, the HFHF+WPI group had significantly lower abdominal circumference when compared with the HFHF group (p<0,001). Higher serum CRP levels were observed in the groups with a HFHF diet (p<0,001) and WPI supplementation showed no effects on CRP levels. Whey protein supplementation resulted with lower total liver damage score in HFHF+WPI group compared with the HFHF diet group (p<0,001). Conversely, higher liver damage scores were observed with the C+WPI group compared to C group (p<0,001). HFHF diet resulted with higher expression of TLR-4 in the liver meanwhile WPI supplementation showed no effects on liver TLR-4 expression. We observed higher colon Occludin expression in HFHF+WPI and C+WPI groups compared with HFHF and C groups (p<0,001). Our results showed that, whey protein supplementation might help improve liver damage associated with a high fat-high fructose diet and increase the expression of Occludin in the small intestine and colon.

Postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates at rest and after resistance exercise in women with postmenopause.

Feeding and resistance exercise stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates in healthy adults. This anabolic characterization of "healthy adults" has been namely focused on males. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the temporal responses of MPS and anabolic signaling to resistance exercise alone or combined with the ingestion of protein in postmenopausal females and compare postabsorptive rates with young females. Sixteen females [60 ± 7 yr; body mass index (BMI) = 26 ± 12 kg·m-2] completed an acute bout of unilateral resistance exercise before consuming either: a fortified whey protein supplement (WHEY) or water. Participants received primed continuous infusions of L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine with bilateral muscle biopsies before and after treatment ingestion at 2 h and 4 h in nonexercised and exercised legs. Resistance exercise transiently increased MPS above baseline at 0-2 h in the water condition (P = 0.007). Feeding after resistance exercise resulted in a late phase (2-4 h) increase in MPS in the WHEY condition (P = 0.005). In both conditions, resistance exercise did not enhance the cumulative (0-4 h) MPS response. In the nonexercised leg, MPS did not differ at 0-2 h, 2-4 h, or 0-4 h of the measurement periods (all, P > 0.05). Likewise, there were no changes in the phosphorylation of p70S6K, AMPKα, or total and phosphorylated yes-associated protein on Ser127. Finally, postabsorptive MPS was lower in premenopausal versus postmenopausal females (P = 0.023). Our results demonstrate that resistance exercise-induced changes in MPS are temporally regulated, but do not result in greater cumulative (0-4 h) MPS in postmenopausal women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An adequate quality and quantity of skeletal muscle is relevant to support physical performance and metabolic health. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is an established remodeling marker, which can be hypertrophic or nonhypertrophic. Importantly, protein ingestion and resistance exercise are two strategies that support healthy muscle by stimulating MPS. Our study shows postmenopause modulates baseline MPS that may diminish the MPS response to the fundamental anabolic stimuli of protein ingestion and resistance exercise in older females.

Comparative analysis of the protein content and nutritional label of whey protein, plant-based, and animal proteins supplements

The consumption of protein supplements is increasingly part of the everyday life of adults in general and is associated with a healthier lifestyle. However, a constant lack of commitment to the quality of these products by companies poses risks to consumers’ health. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the protein content and compare it with the nutrition label of different protein supplements. This is an analytical original investigation. It was verified whether the food supplements comply with the label presented through food analysis (Kjeldahl method, ash content and moisture percentage) of the composition of various national and international brands (n=51). A total of 51 different protein-based supplements sold in Brazil were analyzed. The results showed that the protein values advertised on the nutritional label are similar to what the product has (P value &gt; 0,05) and are within the 20% tolerance limit according to the current law. Also, there are similarities between different types of products (P value &gt; 0,05) regarding their ash and water content. In conclusion, the nutrition facts of protein supplements reflect the reality of the bran of these products.