Wet Rice Straw Research Articles

Techno-economic assessment of butanol and pentanol productions from sorption enhanced chemical looping gasification of a lignocellulosic biomass

The major aim of this study is to propose an economic chemical plant for conversion of biomasses into biofuels within CO2 capture which can make a big contribution to the energy demand and environmental protection. Therefore, a novel process for conversion of rice straw using sorption enhanced biomass chemical looping gasification (SE-BCLG) to butanol and pentanol is simulated in Aspen Plus V 8.8. In this regard, the wet rice straw is turned into the syngas after drying and SE-BCLG stages. Then, the butanol and pentanol are produced after acid gas removal, alcohol production and purification sections. In addition, an optimization and a techno-economic assessment are carried out to evaluate the process. The technological analysis shows that the process can produce 222.6 t.day−1 butanol and pentanol from 960 t.day−1 rice straw. The economic analysis illustrates that the total investment to start the project and the total annual operating cost of the process are MUS$ 642.707 and 43.965 MUS$.year−1, respectively. Finally, it is proved that the butanol production cost for the proposed plant is 1286.532 US$.t−1. Therefore, these results indicate that the proposed process if this study is more economic than some other studies.

Preparation and nutritive value evaluation of Wastelage using wet rice straw and cow dung for ruminant feed

Preparation and nutritive value evaluation of Wastelage using wet rice straw and cow dung for ruminant feed

Preparation and Evaluation of Cattle Feed by Ensiling Wet Rice Straw, Market Fish Waste and Molasses

Preparation and Evaluation of Cattle Feed by Ensiling Wet Rice Straw, Market Fish Waste and Molasses

Mid carbon (C6+-C29+) in refractory black carbon aerosols is a potential tracer of open burning of rice straw: Insights from atmospheric observation and emission source studies

Abstract Biomass burning (BB) is one of the major sources of atmospheric aerosols. These aerosols cause global and regional issues such as adverse effects on human health, as well as contributing to climate change. Refractory black carbon (rBC) is a major chemical component emitted from BB. Recent studies indicate that the mass spectra distribution of carbon cluster ions (Cn+) in rBC reflects burning materials and combustion temperatures. Therefore, emissions apportionment is in principle possible with respect to rBC. However, emissions data for Cn+ are still not widely available. In this study, a combustion experiment using rice straw was conducted to identify the mass spectra of Cn+ measured using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Further, to confirm the results, atmospheric observations were conducted during the harvest season in a suburban area surrounded by rice fields because intentional open burning of rice straw (agricultural residues) is often conducted. Source apportionment of airborne ambient rBC generated from open burning of rice straw is carried out by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) method applied to hourly mean data for rBC and Cn+, as well as organic aerosols. During the atmospheric observation period, there was an intensive day of open burning of rice straw, confirmed by visual inspections around the observation site. Concentrations of PM2.5 reached up to 100 μg/m3 and the contribution of BB to rBC increased by up to 50% on that day. Tracers of BB (C2H4O2+ which is a fragment ion of levoglucosan and refractory K+ ions) were also enriched at that time. This study also found that the signal fraction of mid carbon (C6+-C29+) to total carbon (C1+-C35+) in rBC was 0.21 for dry rice straw burning. Correspondingly, the BB-related PMF factor in atmospheric observations (0.18) was close to the emission source data. Rice straw burning tends to occur at a low combustion temperature and generates amorphous (immature) soot, which was further confirmed by a larger value (0.41) for wet rice straw burning with low modification combustion efficiency. On the other hand, the mid carbon fraction of rBC from automobile exhausts (diesel and gasoline) was low (below 0.02) in laboratory studies and the automobile exhaust-related PMF factor was also relatively low (0.08) in atmospheric observations. These emissions are likely generated as graphite (mature) soot under a high combustion temperature. This study also quantifies and explores the atmospheric aging of BB aerosols. Decay rates of mid carbon were about 2 times slower than that of levoglucosan estimated from atmospheric observations. In sum, the mid carbon fraction can be used to differentiate sources of rBC emissions between open burning of rice straw at low combustion temperatures and other rBC sources at high combustion temperatures (such as internal combustion engines) on the one hand and estimate the decay rates of aerosols emitted from BB on the other hand.

Preservation of wet rice straw using urea and molasses in monsoon of Bangladesh

An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.

Ensiling of Wet Rice Straw using Biogas Slurry and Molasses in Monsoon of Bangladesh

This paper presents an experiment of the preparation of ensilage with wet rice straw (WRS) treated with biogas slurry (BGS) and ensiled with molasses to increase the nutritional and preservation quality of straw in monsoon season of Bangladesh in the Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Chopped wet straw was preserved in plastic containers under airtight condition at room temperature based on the treatments as T0 (100% WRS only), T1 (0% BGS), T2(5% BGS), T3 (10% BGS) and T4 (15% BGS) with 5% molasses as DM basis in each treatment except T0 to investigate physical quality, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content at 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The highest CP content was found to be 7.70% in T4 and highest DM and EE content were found to be 31.42 and 4.86% in T0, respectively. The lowest CP and DM content were found to be 4.02 and 21.94% in T0, respectively and lowest EE content was found to be 3.13% in T4. The CP and DM were increased (P<0.05) and EE were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of ensiling time from 0 to 90 days. The highest OMD and ME content were found to be 48.46% and 6.98 MJ/Kg DM in T4 and the lowest OMD and ME content were found to be 34.31 and 4.84% in T0, respectively. The pH value was also decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of BGS and ensiling time. Considering all the physical and chemical properties, among all the treatments, T2 and T3 are acceptable for preparing ensilage. Ensilage of WRS with biogas slurry will not only reduce waste disposal and pollution problem, but also provide inexpensive feed components for ruminants.

Wet rice straw ensiling with biogas slurry: A prospective feed preservation technique for higher protein content and metabolizable energy

Wet rice straw ensiling with biogas slurry: A prospective feed preservation technique for higher protein content and metabolizable energy

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON CELLULASE ACTIVITY OF PLEUROTUS PULMONARIUS DURING THE DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES ON DIFFERENT PLASTIC POLYETHYLENE WASTES

Pleurotus pulmonarius was excellent growth on determined weights of the wet rice straw, non irradiated plastic, irradiatedplastic, mixture of rice straw and non irradiated plastic and mixture of rice straw and irradiated plastic. maximum value ofcellulase recorded on rice straw, mixture of rice straw and irradiated plastic, mixture of rice straw and non- irradiated plastic (1.7, 1.5 and 1.3 unit/gm waste), respectively, which recorded after first harvest; but irradiated plastic and non-irradiated plastic giving highest values at promordium stage; (1.14 and 0.79 unit/gm waste). The spawn of P. pulmonarius was irradiated at the does 0.5, 1 and 2 KGy, and inoculated on each different wastes separately to detect the cellulase activity which was increased in the various wastes by exposing the spawn of P. pulmonarius to gamma irradiation and detectable raises in the cellulase activity was recorded at dose 0.5 KGy, Any further increase in theirradiation dose was accompanied by a decrease in cellulase activity until reach lowest value at 2 KGy.

Effect of urea on wet rice straw for preserving its keeping quality and nutritive value in cattle diets

Effect of urea on wet rice straw for preserving its keeping quality and nutritive value in cattle diets