Western Sumatera Research Articles

Fish Catch Results Related to Temperature and Chlorophil in Western Waters of Sumatera

The western waters of Sumatera are one of the waters that have the potential of coastal and ocean resources. Oceanographic factors that can be related to high productivity in waters are SST (Sea Surface Temperature) and the distribution of chlorophyll concentration. Sibolga waters are geographically quite strategic, because they are located in the Indian Ocean, most of the catch is landed at the Sibolga Nusantara Fisheries Port. This Study aims to understand the trend of fluctuations in fish catches in the The Waters of Western Sumatera, to examine the effect of chlorophyll on fish catches in the waters of West Sumatera. Sea surface temperature and monthly chlorophyll-a concentrations were obtained from the result of the Aqua Modis months in 2021. Monthly data and data on fishing results were obtained from the Sibolga Nusantara Fisheries Port. The composition of catches in the western waters of Sumatera which landed at PPN Sibolga in 2021there three dominant fish species, namely Cakalang (Katsuwonis Pelamis) 11.655.768 Kg, Layang (Decapterus Sp) 4.589.147 (19,95%), Tembang (Sardinella sp) 2.421.523 (10,53%), the variation of fish catch per unit (CPUE) ;anded at PPN 2021. The Highest occurred in may at 3.809 kg/trip and the lowest occurred in November 1.521,58 kg/trip and the average monthly CPUE in 2021 was 5.105,88kg/trip. Monthly variations of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a in the waters of for 12 months (2021) the lowest temperature occurred in August, namely 26,88 0C while the highest temperature in February was 30,92 0C, the highest consentration was in May of 1,56 mg/m3 while the lowest occurred in March at 0,15 mg/m3.

Analysis of SCADA Application on Distribution System Reliability

Reliability of Electrical Power Distribution to consumer is strongly influenced by its distribution system. Therefore, electrical power distribution system with high reliability is needed. In distribution of electrical power, reliability level of distribution system is very necessary, because it is influential strongly factor towards continuity of electrical energy distribution to consumers. Parameters can be used to determine reliability level of Electrical Power Distribution System are SAIDI, SAIFI, and CAIDI. SCADA on Electrical Power Ditribution System is needed because it can monitor, control, configure and record working system real time. Besides it, SCADA also can handle interruption temporary or permanently in short time by using remote. Aim of this research is to compare distribution system reliability indexes such as SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI before and after integrated with SCADA in Bukittinggi Rayon of PT PLN (Persero), Western Sumatera, Indonesia. This research uses Distribution System Data from 2015 and 2016. Result of this rresearch is Realibility Indexes before Integrated with SCADA(2015) are 15.40 hours/customer, 46.36 interruption/year, 0.33 hour/year, while after Integrated with SCADA(2016) are 2.14 hours/customer, 22.41 interruption/year, 0.10 hour/year. for SAIDI, SAIFI CAIDI Indexes respectivel y. It can be concluded that The increase of Reliability Index after integrated with SCADA are 86.1% for SAIDI, 51.66% for SAIFI, 69.7% for CAIDI.

CPUE STANDARDIZATION OF FRIGATE TUNA (Auxis thazard) CAUGHT BY PURSE SEINE OFF THE COAST OF WESTERN SUMATERA (FMA 572)

Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) is one of the major commercial tuna species, both in industrial and small scale fisheries, particularly in the waters off Western Sumatera. In Indonesia, A. thazard is a group of locally called “tongkol” together with A. rochei, Thunnus tonggol, and Euthynnus affinis. This study describes a preliminary examination of frigate tuna catch from purse seine off the coast of western Sumatera (FMA 572). The data were collected daily by an enumerator on the fish landing site from 2013 to 2017, including fishing gear, number of days at sea, catch, length, and weight of frigate tuna. The fishing ground coordinate data provided by the observer on board the vessel. General Linear Model (GLM) with gamma was applied in this study to standardize the CPUE by year, quarter, season, and GT as fixed variables. The results showed that the variation of CPUE was mostly influenced by year and quarter, while season and fleet size (GT) showed less impact on the catch. In general, even though the catch trend declines during the observation years, the population of frigate tuna off the coast of western Sumatera (FMA 572) were considered sustainable.

Characteristics of Thermal Front in the Tropical Waters of Eastern Indian Ocean

This study aims to elucidate spatio-temporal variability of the thermal front in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean of the western Sumatera. The research was conducted during November 2017- February 2018. The Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) was applied to daily sea surface temperature (SST) data of 2016 of the level-3 Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the detection of thermal front. The number of the thermal front events during 2016 were 167 days. The distribution and frequency of thermal front mostly found in January, i.e. 23 days with SST mean of 30.3ºC. Whereas the lowest distribution appeared in November and the lowest frequency observed in September, i.e. 6 days with the SST mean of 29.1ºC. The highest temperature range of thermal front is between 31.4-32.0ºC and the lowest ranged between 26.4-29.3ºC. The occurrences of thermal front were commonly found in the open ocean. The highest frequency occurred in January and the lowest took place in September with the longest duration of 3 days.

STRENGTHENING INDONESIA’S ROLE IN INDIAN OCEAN THROUGH INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION CHAIRMANSHIP IN 2015-2017

<p>Indonesian government concerned to determine the future of the Pacific and Indian Ocean Region through new vision as the world maritime fulcrum. The elected President, Joko Widodo realized the importance to strengthen the priority in maritime sector. Expanding globalization and growing needs of energy security leads Indian Ocean region as an important area for the global security. Regionalism has implications for both security and development in a region. Significant growth in Indian Ocean region urges a cooperation approach between littoral countries located around the Indian Ocean and lead the establishment of Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). As Indonesia will be a chairman in IORA by the third quarter of 2015, Indonesia can play an important role and influence the region with its chairmanship in IORA, both in terms of economy and security. Indonesia could develop a comprehensive maritime cooperation through the IORA. The cooperation will lead to acomplishment of the Indonesia’s national interests. On the other side, the potential trade volume in the Indian Ocean region cannot be reached because of limited maritime infrastructure that facilitate the current trade. IORA should develop a master plan or blueprint on connectivity that will provide the infrastructure development agenda with the Public-Private Partnership to accelerate the infrastructure development. By this situation, the development of maritime infrastructure can be a double advantage for Indonesia because it will connect APEC and IORA. The important things to consider in terms of security is a potential threat both in security and defense if the government decided to open and build a deep seaport in Western Sumatera and Java Island.It is important to evaluate the potential threats and challenges if Indonesia wants to be a fulcrum ofworld maritime activity.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: IORA, diplomacy, maritime security, regional integration, maritime fulcrum, regionalism</p>

Common Structural Details and Deficiencies in Indonesian RC Buildings: Preliminary Report on Field Investigation in Padang City, West Sumatra

Significant damage to reinforced concrete buildings by the 2009 Western Sumatera Earthquake revealed that deficiencies in design engineering and/or construction practice existed. This indicated that enforcement of building design codes was lacking. The Indonesian government has updated the building design codes which should have been applied in the construction of new buildings. However, enforcement of these codes on design engineering and/or construction practice in Padang city is not clear. In this study, a field investigation was performed to investigate common structural details and deficiencies in newly constructed multi-story reinforced concrete buildings. The investigation was conducted through visiting building construction sites in Padang city area. This study preliminary reports the investigation results on 39 private buildings and 8 government buildings. The common deficiencies found on the investigated buildings were low material quality, small structural dimensions with light longitudinal reinforcement, insufficient transverse reinforcement with poor details, improper location of lap splice of rebar, lack of hoops inside exterior and interior beam-column joints, and deficient anchorage of beam reinforcement to exterior beam-column joints. These investigation results clarify that enforcement of the latest buildings design codes in design engineering and/or construction practice is still lacking in the investigated area.

Strengthening Indonesia’s Role In Indian Ocean Through IORA

<p>Indonesian government concerned to determine the future of the Pacific and Indian Ocean Region through new vision as the world maritime fulcrum. Significant growth in Indian Ocean region urges a cooperation approach between littoral countries located around the Indian Ocean and lead the establishment of Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). The cooperation will lead to the accomplishment of the Indonesia’s national interests. On the other side, the potential trade volume in the Indian Ocean region cannot be reached because of limited maritime infrastructure that facilitates the current trade. IORA should develop a master plan or blueprint on connectivity that will provide the infrastructure development agenda with the Public-Private Partnership to accelerate the infrastructure development. By this situation, the development of maritime infrastructure can be a double advantage for Indonesia because it will connect APEC and IORA. The important things to consider in terms of security is a potential threat both to security and defense if the government decided to open and build a deep seaport in Western Sumatera and Java Island.It is important to evaluate the potential threats and challenges if Indonesia wants to be a fulcrum of world maritime activity.</p>

STOCK ABUNDANCE INDEX, DENSITY, COMPOSITION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF DEEP-SEA SHARK AND RAY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

Deap-sea shark and ray resources in lhe Indian Ocean provide one of the most economically important fish mesopelagic and demersal resources. Deta analyzed were pad of the survey carried out in May to June 2005 in the frameworkd6op.soa rays, sharks, stock abundance index, ltock denllty, species composition, distributon, aouthern Java, western Sumatera, Eastam Indian Ocean of The Japan-lndonesia Deap Sea Fisheries Rosources Joint Explontion Marine Resedrch 2004.

NUTRIENT AND STEROID CONTENTS OF SOME DEEP SEA FISH SPESIES FROM WESTERN SUMATERA, EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

The purpose of this research is to observe the content of nutrient and steroid of some deep sea fish from western Sumatera of the IndianOcean. A number of 11 fish species was examired in this work.

NUTRIENT AND STEROID CONTENTS OF SOME DEEP SEA FISH SPESIES FROM WESTERN SUMATERA, EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

The purpose of this research is to observe the content of nutrient and steroid of some deep sea fish from western Sumatera of the IndianOcean. A number of 11 fish species was examired in this work.

CATCH COMPOSITION AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHARKS IN WESTERN SUMATERA WATERS OF INDONESIA

This study was conducted in western Sumatera and since October 2013 to June 2014. The sampling locations in Banda Aceh and Sibolga-North Sumatera which were the largest base of fisheries in western Sumatera region. Shark landing recorded by enumerators was used as sampling data daily . This research aim to describ sex ratio, size composition, catch composition of sharks, and length at first maturity. In Banda Aceh, the sharks as target fish collected by sorting the bycatch from tuna longlines and tuna handlines. In Sibolga, sharks is bycatch from fish net, bottom gillnet and purse seine. Overall, there were 20 species of shark caught in west Indian Ocean and landed at those fish landing sites, dominated by Spot tail shark (23%) and Silky shark (13%), whereas Hammerhead shark contributed about 10% and Oceanic whitetip shark was only less than 1%. Almost of Spot tail shark, Silky shark, and Scalloped hammerhead that caught in that area were immature, while for the almost part of Tiger shark and Pelagic thresher were matured. The sex ratios for Spot tail shark, Silky shark, Tiger shark, Pelagic thresher, and Scalloped hammerhead caught and landed at Lampulo and Sibolga fish landing sites were not balance. The length at first maturity for Spot tail shark was Lm=87,1 cm and Lm = 213,2 cm total length for Tiger shark.

Kemiskinan dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Sumatera Barat

In this paper the authors restrict the study of poverty and government policies in poverty reduction in West Sumatera. This research method is the study of literature. The findings from the data obtained can be seen that the level of poverty in Sumatera Barat from the years 2005-2010 continued to decline. In 2005 the number of poor people amounted to 482 800 with a percentage of 10.89%. In 2006 the number of poor people in West Sumatera experienced an increase of 550 251 inhabitants with a percentage of 12.51%. In this year poverty level are far greater than what is expected in the amount of 12.07%. Likewise, in 2007 the level of poverty in western Sumatera also incompatible with yag expected by the government in the amount of 11.26%. In this year the number of poor people in West Sumatera amounting to 529 200 with a percentage of 11.90%. In 2008 the number of poor people in West Sumatera has decreased and the level of poverty in West Sumatera is far below that have been targeted by the government at 10,85%. This year the amount of poverty in West Sumatera recorded 477 200 inhabitants with a percentage of 10.67%. So also in 2009 and 2010 the number of poor recorded is also less than the target set by the government.

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL CONTROL ON THE MINERALIZATION ON TABUAN ISLAND,SEMANGKO BAY, SOUTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Mineralization have been discovered on Tabuan Island, Semangko Bay, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Tabuan Island belongs to the Neogene Sunda-Banda magmatic arc system. Tabuan Island is a tectonic horst structure which belongs to the subduction-related, magmatically active Barisan zone along the active continental margin of western Sumatera. Basaltic-andesitic volcanics of the late Oligocene to earliest Miocene Hulusimpang Formation are distributed in a broad zone along and subparallel to the regional Semangko Fault and are hosts for several epithermal-style auriferous deposits. The occurrence of hydrothermal mineralization was first suggested from seismic identification of small intrusive bodies which form elongated northwest-southeast ridges passing through the island. Surface sampling campaigns on the island revealed significant hydrothermal alteration and mineralization with pervasive occurrences of sulphide minerals. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies at the Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources show pronounced disseminations and vein-type mineralization. Mineralization shows moderate enrichments in Au, Ag, Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Mn. The association of subaerial island arc volcanism and subvolcanic intrusive bodies, the regional extensional and strike-slip structural regime, and the occurrence of epithermal-style alteration and mineralization in the same volcanic sequence along the coastal zone of Semangko Bay and on Tabuan Island reveal the great potential of this region for epithermal type Au-Ag and base metal deposits. On Tabuan Island, delineation of structural blocks and fault systems suggests that normal faults and margins of grabens may have acted as fluid channelling structures. 
 
 Key words: structural geology, mineralization, Tabuan Island, Semangko Bay

REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIA MAHSEER (Tor tambroides, Bleeker, 1854), IN TWO DIFFERENT RIVERS IN WESTERN SUMATERA

The reproductive characteristics of mahseer, Tor. tambroides, were studied in Manna River and Batang Tarusan River, which are located on each side of Western Sumatera River. The reproductive period of T. tambroides is largely consistent with that described for the species in other areas, however monthly variations in the extent and timing of peak spawning are recorded. The analysis of the sex ratio indicates an increase in the percentage of females with size, more marked in largest sizes. Seasonal patterns in the occurrences of spawning showed that the spawning season in Manna River lasted was similar with that in Batang Tarusan River, although a second prominent increase of GSI was observed in April and September in Manna River, meanwhile the GSI of Batang Tarusan River fish were below 2 without an apparent variation. L50s of Manna River and Batang Tarusan River mahseer were estimated as 24.5 cm and 20.66 cm, respectively, indicating a high variability in size at first maturity of the mahseer population. Our study provides some important information on the reproductive biology of T. tambroides that will be helpful in similar studies and contributed to fisheries management of this species.

THE MATRILINEAL ARCHITECTURAL VALUES ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MINANGKABAU HOUSE

This article studies the relationship between the custom of inheritance system based on the mother’s side bloodline or better known as the matrilineal system and the construction of the Western Sumatera Minangkabau house. The architectural components and the construction of the house is often related to the matrilineal custom concept which lies n the philosophy of beliefs, perspective and strong ritual. The objectives of this research are to identify and analyze matrilineal values and its relationships with the process of the construction and architectural features of the Minangkabau house. The process of the constructing the Minangkabau house involves completing, gathering building materials to the part of building the house. This research used repeated research methodology, past researches analysis and ethnographic methods. Data collection is done through observational processes, interviews and photo taking at various research locations. These research methodologies had verify the compatibility of matrilineal elements to the architectural features of the construction of the Minangkabau house.

The minangkabau house - a vision of sustainable culture and architecture

The grandeur of the Minangkabau house in Western Sumatera, Indonesia, can be observed in its multi-tiered curved roof structure with upswept gables to mimic the horn of the buffalo. Associated with the Minangkabau people, the strong cultural infl uence of the people is further refl ected in the internal layout of the house and other demonstrations of architectural elements that are echoing nature. Many claim that this is a result of the infl uence of the matriarch who governs the community along with her matrilineal line. It is a rationale for discussions on sustainable cultural and architectural infl uences. This paper further analyses the family system in relation to this architecture. The research aims to analyse the matrilineal infl uence on the architecture and its sustainable and cultural issues. The methods employed include the ethnography and phenomenology processes supported by firesearch in villages in Western Sumatera. Ultimately, the Minangkabau traditional architecture represents a house that visualises the dwellers’ matrilineal culture.

Matrilineal Society and the Minangkabau House of Western Sumatera, Indonesia

AbstractThis paper studies the influence of the matrilineal society in relation to the traditional Minangkabau house of Western Sumatera, Indonesia. It can be clearly seen in the internal layout of the house and the appearance of the architecture, which features a multi-tiered curved roof structure with upswept gables to mimic the horn of a buffalo. The house is owned by the women in the family who live there and is passed down from mother to daughter. It reflects the matrilineal authority and the people’s understanding of designing architecture that is in harmony with nature. The house serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities. The objectives of this research are to analyse the matrilineal influence on the architecture, and to investigate the architecture on its sustainable and cultural issues. The methodology employed includes reviewing literature on the space planning of the house and cultural issues related to the house. This is supported by field research in villages in Western Sumatera. This is done simultaneously with interviews of the locals and visual data collection of the architecture. Ultimately, the house exhibits conformity of the Minangkabau house to the unique matrilineal culture.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in West Sumatera, Indonesia, 2009

In December 2009, 23 people were diagnosed with dengue fever in a village in Western Sumatera, Indonesia. This was unusual because in Indonesia, dengue fever usually occurs in the rainy season and December is in the dry season; dengue usually occurs in low elevations and these villages are in the highlands; and the area was dengue free for the past five years. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors, with cases matched by age, village and gender. Eighteen cases (78.3%) were hospitalized and there were deaths. Most cases lived in Tigo Balai and Matur Hilir Villages, and had an incidence of 2.1/1,000 population. Fever (≥38°C), nausea, vomiting and intense headache were the most common signs and symptoms. All cases had thrombocytopenia and a 20% drop in hematocrit. The strongest risk factor was no activity to eliminate mosquito breeding sites, with adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI 3.3-7.8 and p-value 0.04.

Characteristics of gravity waves observed with intensive radiosonde campaign during November–December 2005 over western Sumatera

Abstract Characteristics of gravity waves are studied using radiosonde campaign conducted during November–December 2005 at Koto Tabang (KT, 0.2°S, 100.32°E). Intensive sounding with hourly launches was also conducted on seven days to study the characteristics of short period (2–6 hours) waves along with EAR data. Gravity waves with period (τ) of 3 hours and vertical wavelength (λ z ) of 10 km seemed to be generated due to localized convection around KT, which is inferred from X-band Doppler radar. The energy of the gravity wave with period of 2–3 days and vertical wavelength of 3–5 km is largest between 15 and 20 km and 25 and 30 km. We also report the comparison of the wave activity and its interaction with background wind between the three campaigns (CPEA-I, CPEA-II and Nov. 2002). Most of the time waves are propagating towards east and the source of gravity waves is strongly related to the slowly eastward-advecting tropospheric convection, implying that the wave activity was generated at far distant sources located west of KT. A key finding of this study is neither short period nor long-period gravity waves are generated during stationary type of convection. The change in the propagation direction of the short period waves within the event is observed which is not expected.

Blasts from the past impacting on Peninsular Malaysia

At the Plio-Pleistocene transition, three large volcanic centres in the Bukit Barisan, Sumatera, began producing voluminous amounts of felsic tephra and pyroclastic flows. Field evidence at two of the centres suggests not one but multiple paroxysmal events spanning periods of up to almost 2 million years. At (now Danau Toba, northern Sumatera) perhaps four such events occurred between 1.9 Ma and about 30 ka ago. The centres are marked by several hundred metres thick of ignimbrite, pyroclastic tuff flows, and air-fall tephra. All three centres should be classed in the top rank of the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). Air-fall tuff has been identified at more than a dozen localities throughout Peninsular Malaysia as far east as the middle Lebir river, Kelantan, and in the upper Terengganu river reaches. Thicknesses are in the one-metre range. Recently all these Malaysian tephra have been attributed to one Toba eruption and assigned a 70-75 ka age ignoring the possibility of origins from the other two volcanic centres and brushing aside findings of detailed fieldwork and publications of pre-World War II vintage. Recently we studied the volcanic eruptives of the Maninjau volcanic centre in the Minang Highlands, western Sumatera, and here too evidence of multiple eruptions is present.