The dentognathic material of the Neanderthals from Chagyrskaya (Altai, Russia): Morphology and paleobiology.

The relevance of the article is due to its reference to the microhistory and history of childhood in the context of the theory of cultural memory and the use of an appropriate conceptual framework to analyze a local historical source associated with Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the article is based on the material of a diary kept by schoolchildren in Bolotnoye (Novosibirsk region) in 1944–1945, to identify problematic points of reading and studying the collective ego document and demonstrate the prospects of working with it via the categories “subject”, “recipient”, “recognition group”, “identity”. The main result of the research is the manifestation of the reflexive layer contained “behind the text” of Bolotninsky Diary: the authors’ motives are clarified and their chosen strategies for constructing a collective identity are defined. In one case, it is aimed at integrating the class into a more global community of “Soviet people”, in the other one, it is a self-awareness as an integral community belonging to the world of childhood. The practical significance of the research lies not only in the scientific development of a specific source on the history of everyday life, but also in testing the methodology of collective diary research, which can be used later in the study of similar documents.

The article reviews the main directions of research activity and the results obtained by the specialists of Omsk State Medical University in the field of hygiene and epidemiology of population nutrition in Western Siberia over a 20-year period. The main stages of fundamental and applied research aimed at solving urgent problems of preventing diseases associated with alimentary risk factors are described in chronological order. The key problems of population nutrition and their impact on the population health in the region are identified; the results of implementing prevention technologies are presented.

Centorus rufipes (Gebler, 1833) is the only tenebrionid beetle commonly found in late Pleistocene deposits of southern western Siberia. It is assumed that the reasons for its success during the Last Glacial Maximum could have been its cold resistance and/or the relatively mild conditions of its habitat, the shores of salt lakes. The cold resistance parameters of C. rufipes and their overwintering conditions were studied near Kusgan Lake (Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia). Adults and larvae of this species used a supercooling mechanism to protect themselves from sub-zero temperatures and did not tolerate freezing, just like other steppe species of Tenebrionidae. The supercooling point (SCP) for most of the individuals was around -31 °C. Measurements of low lethal temperatures (LLT) showed that 50% of individuals died after 2 days of exposure to -27 °C. The measured SCP and LLT were at least 5 °C lower than darkling beetle species from the Chuya Depression of the Altai, which is known for its extreme winter temperatures. Thus, the hypothesis of increased cold resistance of C. rufipes was confirmed. No warming effect of its salt lakeside habitats was detected.

An analysis was conducted of the spatial distribution of microcomponents of total forms of heavy metals (Fe, Ti, Ba, Al, Mn, Zn) along a 10-km section of the Barnaulka River within the city of Barnaul. Sampling was carried out in April 2025, followed by analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Areas with the highest levels of contamination were identified, and the main sources of pollutants were determined. Areas with maximum pollution levels were identified, and the main sources of contaminant inflow were determined. At sites with peak total metal content, the analysis of dissolved forms revealed exceedances of fishery standards (MPC_fish) for Fe and Mn. The impact of wastewater discharges on the total heavy metal content in the Barnaulka River was assessed.

Induction of plant immunity to harmful organisms using biologically active substances with elicitor (signal) action is the most promising modern method of plant protection. Among them, chitosan-based agents are widely used, their effect is manifested in an increase in disease resistance by 30–40 %, an increase in biosynthetic processes of formation of amino acids and vitamins, growth stimulation, which increases crop productivity. In potato growing, a serious problem, in addition to fungal infections, is the accumulation and transmission of bacteria and viruses in crop plantings, what leads to significant yield losses (25–75 %). Moreover, there are no antiviral and antibacterial drugs for use in potato production. At the same time, chitosan and other biologically active substances, having a wide range of unique biological activities, for example, have the ability to induce resistance to both fungal and viral diseases of plants. Therefore, one of the areas for improving potato production, its quality, stabilizing the phytosanitary condition of crop plantings can be the expansion of the range of biologically active substances and the improvement of the methods of their use. The study of the effect of new environmentally friendly chitosan-based agents on the phytosanitary situation in potato plantings and productivity indicators in the conditions of Western Siberia showed that they increased crop germination by 16.0–68.0 %, reliably increased plant length by 3.2–18.1 %, plant weight by 11.1–24.8 %, and the number of stolons and tubers by 14.8–73.2 and 8.0–43.2 %, tuber weight by 8.2–25.8 %. These agents reduced the development of rhizoctonia in the seedling phase by 6.7–14.6 %, the prevalence of macrosporiosis from 10.0 to 30.0 %. With a hundred percent spread of late blight, its development at the initial stage of damage had differences and was less than in the control. Its minimum development (by 1.5 points, control 2.8 points) was noted in the case of treating planting tubers with agents No. 1, 7, 8 and 12, and treating plants during the growing season with agent No. 1. When using a combination of agents No. 7 (treatment of tubers) and No. 12 (spraying plants), viros is in crop plantings was completely absent. The crop yield when using new agents varied on average over three years from 14.5 to 20.0 t/ha, the yield increase was from 1.4 to 6.9 t/ha (from 10.7 to 52.7 %).

This study investigates soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization rates and ecotoxicological state of major soil types in the Yamal region of West Siberia, Russia. Soil samples were collected from three sites: Lower Ob Basin, Rai-Iz mountain massif (Polar Urals), and southern Yamal Peninsula. SOM mineralization was assessed through 90-day incubation experiments at 10 and 25 °C, determining potentially mineralizable organic carbon (PMC) and basal respiration rates. Ecotoxicological assessment included analyses of heavy metals (Sr, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, V, As, MnO) and the calculation of the total soil pollution index (Zc). The content of PMC varied from 279.50 mg/kg to 37,254.15 mg/kg, constituting 11.59%-2.74% of total soil organic carbon at 25 °C. Maximum mineralization occurred in upper organogenic horizons of Histosols and Podzols, while mineral and cryoturbated horizons showed lower rates. Temperature dependence was evident, with higher mineralization rates at 25 °C in most samples, though some mineral horizons showed the opposite pattern. Regarding ecotoxicological state, 32 of 47 soil samples showed low (acceptable) contamination levels (Zc < 16), 13 samples demonstrated moderate (moderately hazardous) levels, and only 2 samples showed high (hazardous) contamination. Priority pollutants were lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and cobalt (Co), with spatial patterns indicating vehicle emissions as a major contamination source near transport arteries. The radial differentiation coefficient revealed distinct redistribution patterns of elements across soil profiles. Overall, the soil cover of northern Western Siberia exhibits generally low anthropogenic contamination, though moderate to high contamination levels were found in areas associated with oil and gas production facilities and roadside territories. The integrative analysis suggests that areas of high anthropogenic pressure coincide with significant carbon stocks, warranting further investigation into the interplay between pollution and carbon cycle feedbacks.

Introduction. Wild medicinal plants represent an important source of biologically active compounds widely used in pharmaceutical practice. Species of the genus Onosma L. ( Boraginaceae ) are characterized by high ecological plasticity and significant pharmacological potential associated with the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Onosma simplicissima L., widely distributed in the steppe and forest-steppe landscapes of Western Siberia, is considered a promising source of flavonoids and oxycinnamomic acids. However, an adequate assessment of its resource potential requires consideration of both biomass reserves and environmentally driven variability of the phytochemical profile. Aim. To perform a comprehensive assessment of the resource potential of Onosma simplicissima L. within the Novosibirsk Region and to determine the influence of habitat conditions on the content of phenolic compounds in herb raw material. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the aerial parts of O. simplicissima collected at the flowering stage from nine locations in the Novosibirsk Region. Resource characteristics were evaluated using the model plant method with calculation of biological and exploitable reserves as well as potential annual harvest volumes. The total content of oxycinnamomic acids and flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry and expressed as rosmarinic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test at a confidence level of P = 95 %. Results and discussion. A pronounced spatial heterogeneity of biomass density and phenolic compound content was revealed depending on habitat conditions. Maximum biomass values were observed in floodplain and anthropogenically transformed habitats, whereas the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds were recorded in xerophytic rocky slopes. An inverse relationship between biomass accumulation and phenolic metabolite content was established, reflecting the adaptive strategy of the species under abiotic stress. Conclusion. Onosma simplicissima L. demonstrates a high resource potential in the Novosibirsk Region and can be regarded as a promising source of phenolic compounds. Ecologically determined variability in biomass reserves and chemical composition does not limit the feasibility of sustainable harvesting across all studied sites. The obtained results may be applied in rational resource management and the development of phytomedicines.

This paper presents the results of applying forced fluid withdrawal (FFW) technology to enhance oil recovery in fields located in Western Siberia. The authors expand upon the classical FFW approach originally developed by A. M. Shchelkachev, V. N. Mamedov, and G. G. Sarkisyan by proposing an integration of natural gravity forces and wave effects in natural reservoirs. The analysis, which utilizes artificial intelligence methods to process geological and production data, demonstrates the high efficiency of FFW during the late stages of development in highly water-flooded wells. Using the productive sediments of the Pokamasovskoye oil field as an example, the authors can observe an increase in total oil production rate of 15 to 57% at well water-cut levels ranging from 75 to 95%. Furthermore, the project's economic efficiency improved by 15 to 30 % due to the development of low-permeability layers. The results of this study meet SPE and API standards. The researches recommend them for designing reservoir stimulation systems for other fields in Western Siberia. The proposed model's error does not exceed 5% compared to field data.

The depletion of readily accessible oil has increased the focus on recovering harder-to-access reserves. Consequently, the industry requires new, improved, low-cost, and efficient methods for developing reservoirs with complex geological structures. Cyclic waterflooding provides simple and inexpensive approach for enhancing oil recovery. Operators have been utilizing cyclic waterflooding since the late 1950s in several regions of Russia, including Western Siberia, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Samara Region, Perm Krai, and Krasnodar Krai. Today, researchers abroad study cyclic waterflooding most actively in China. In this study, we examine two modifications of cyclic waterflooding: (1) cyclic water injection through injectors and (2) asynchronous cyclic waterflooding, which involves the simultaneous operation of both injection and production wells. We also study cyclic forced liquid withdrawal through a producing well. The aim of this work is to analyze the behavior of these three cyclic waterflooding modifications under different geological conditions. We analyze how each modification influences oil-saturation patterns in a two-dimensional synthetic reservoir model. Researchers and engineers should consider these results when designing cyclic-waterflooding programs for real reservoirs with complex geology. Our study reveals that the location of low-permeability layers near injection and/or production wells significantly impacts the effectiveness of cyclic waterflooding. When such layers are situated close to the production wells, relying solely on cyclic injection provides minimal benefits. The results indicate that asynchronous cyclic waterflooding offers the highest efficiency.

Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) cause a plethora of infections in humans, ranging from mild to severe neurological diseases including aseptic meningitis. NPEVs are the leading cause of aseptic meningitis in both children and adults worldwide. In Russia, reports of NPEV infections have surged, especially in the post-COVID era starting in 2022, with elevated infection rates into 2023. A comprehensive examination of the whole genome is crucial for understanding the evolution of NPEV genes and for predicting potential outbreaks. This study focused on identifying the circulating NPEV strains in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia, using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies. Biological samples were collected from (n = 225) patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. Bioinformatics analysis targeted the nucleotide sequences of the major capsid protein (partial VP1) gene fragment, and the assembly of whole NPEV genomes. A total of 159 NPEVs were characterized, representing 70.7% of the collected samples. The main capsid variants forming the predominant genotypic profile included E30 (n = 39, 24.3%), E6 (n = 31, 19.3%), and CVA9 (n = 25, 15.6%). Using NGS, we successfully assembled 13 whole genomes for E6, E30, EV-B80, CVA9, CVB5, E11, and EV-A71 and 3 partial genomes for E6 and EV-B87. This molecular-genetic analysis provides contemporary insights into the genotypic composition, circulation patterns, and evolutionary dynamics of the dominant NPEV associated with aseptic meningitis in the Ural Federal District and Western Siberia. The laboratory-based monitoring and epidemiological surveillance for genetic changes and evolutionary studies are important for improving prevention and healthcare.

Fossil red-backed voles (Clethrionomys, Rodentia) are studied from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of Western Siberia based on materials from Skorodum and Romanovo localities (Omsk oblast). Red-backed voles are found in association with archaic voles Microtus (Allophaiomys), Prolagurus, as well as Mimomys and Predicrostonyx. Tooth characters of the smaller red-backed vole have shown its affinity to the recent northern red-backed vole, C. rutilus. Some plesiomorphic morphological characters, such as lower hypsodonty, archaic position of the posterior root of m2, etc., indicate its ancestral position in relation to the recent species and substantiate its description as a separate species, Clethrionomys sibiricola sp. nov. The discovery of the ancestral form of the northern red-backed vole confirms the molecular genetic data on the divergence of Siberian and European species of red-backed voles of the genus Clethrionomys in the Early Pleistocene.

This lecture examines contemporary therapeutic strategies for opisthorchiasis, focusing on infections caused by the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus , endemic to Western Siberia. While praziquantel remains the first-line treatment, its clinical utility is constrained by several factors, including lack of efficacy against juvenile parasite forms and emerging drug resistance. The discussion explores alternative pharmacological approaches, encompassing novel synthetic agents, combination therapies, and compounds targeting parasite-specific metabolic pathways. Special attention is given to plant-derived bioactive substances with experimentally confirmed anti-opisthorchiasis activity, including curcumin, Thunbergia laurifolia and Allium sativum extracts, and xanthohumol. These phytochemicals demonstrate dual therapeutic potential: direct antiparasitic effects and modulation of infection-associated pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress attenuation, inflammatory response suppression, and hepatobiliary fibrosis progression delay. A synergistic treatment paradigm combining praziquantel’s anthelmintic properties with the pleiotropic effects of plant-based antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds shows particular promise. This strategy may improve parasite clearance rates, reduce treatment-related adverse events, and prevent chronic complications. Further investigation is warranted to refine combination protocols, develop targeted delivery systems, and identify next-generation anthelmintic compounds capable of addressing the limitations of current synthetic therapies.

Seven subjects of the Arkhangelsk Region, and also the Northern Administrative District and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District are part of the AZRF, where climatic and ecological conditions are characterized as extreme (the industry of the Central Industrial Complex, the military industrial complex, the cosmodrome, and the Neftegazprom). Part of the territory of the Arkhangelsk region and the NAO are adjacent to the nuclear test zone (NPS) at the Northern Test site from 1955 to 1990. Nuclear weapons have never been produced in Western Siberia (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District). The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of information about the immune status of young northern women who were born and permanently reside in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The aim. T o identify the ratio of peripheral blood leukocyte levels in young women from different northern regions. Materials and methods. Sixty two women were examined: 47 people from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arkhangelsk Region (22–35 years old) and 15 people aged 22–40 years (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Leukocytes, NLR, CD8 + , and CD16 + cells w ere determined . An indirect immunoperoxidase reaction with monoclonal antibodies was used. Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 for Windows were used. Results. Residents of the adjacent area had elevated concentrations of monocytes (20.0; 12.5; 43.7 %), eosinophils (20.0; 25.0; 12.5 %), CD8 + lymphocytes (73.3; 31.2; 75.0%), and CD16 + lymphocytes (33.3; 62.5; 43.7 %). Deficiency of the total number of lymphocytes was 2.5 times more common than lymphocytosis: 20.0, 43.7, 12.5 %. Increased concentrations of monocytes 46.7 %, eosinophils 26.7 %, neutrophils 20.0 %, leukocytes %, CD8 + (80.0 %) and CD16 + (66.7 %) lymphocytes were recorded in residents of the non-adjacent zone. Conclusion. The r atio of lymphocyte subpopulations in young women living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is characterized by a high concentration of monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes (CD8 + , CD16 + ) against the background of a pronounced deficiency of the total lymphocyte population.

The large-scale use of breeding material from foreign selection in Russian dairy farming creates biological uncertainty due to the pronounced “genotype-environment” interaction effect. The study aimed to assess the realization of the genetic potential of foreign-bred sires under the conditions of breeding farms in Western Siberia. Based on productivity data from 28,065 first-calf heifers, 21 Holstein bulls were evaluated. The initial data were adjusted for the influence of year and season factors, and the farms were stratified into two categories based on productivity levels. The local breeding value was calculated as the mean of paired differences between the milk yield of daughters and the weighted average milk yield of their herdmates, with outliers iteratively removed. To assess the comparability with the foreign breeding value index, a categorical classification method by sign and a correlation analysis were applied. A strong “genotype-environment” interaction was established, manifesting in the re-ranking of sires across different farm categories. The analysis of sign concordance showed that the agreement between the local estimate and the foreign catalog’s forecast was no more than 50 %, which is equivalent to a random event. A complete sign match across all three estimates, including both local categories and the foreign index, was recorded for only 25 % of the sires. These findings were confirmed by a correlation analysis, which revealed a statistically insignificant relationship between the local breeding value estimate and data from the foreign catalog. The study concludes that the direct use of data from foreign catalogs for making selection decisions is unreliable. A local assessment of breeding value that considers specific production conditions is an indispensable tool for the objective selection of sires and for improving the efficiency of breeding programs.

The development of non-invasive methods for assessing toxic load and understanding the mechanisms by which chemical elements influence metabolism are pressing issues in veterinary and zootechnical sciences. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the elemental composition of organs and tissues and key biochemical markers of protein, lipid, and mineral metabolism in Romanov sheep in Western Siberia. The research was conducted on clinically healthy Romanov rams (n = 24–25). A correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman-Pearson method. A number of statistically significant correlations were established, revealing the mechanisms by which elemental status influences interior parameters. In terms of protein metabolism, negative correlations were found between albumin and copper in muscles (r = -0.492), as well as urea and arsenic in hair (r = -0.421), which may indicate suppression of the synthetic function of the liver. A positive correlation between urea and lead in muscles (r = 0.425) indicates increased catabolism. In lipid metabolism, a high positive correlation was observed between HDL and blood lead (r = 0.612), likely representing a compensatory response to oxidative stress. A positive correlation between cholesterol and zinc in the liver (r = 0.473) emphasizes the role of zinc as a cofactor in its synthesis. In mineral metabolism, copper and zinc accumulation in the myocardium was associated with a K/Na imbalance, likely indicating inhibition of ion pumps. Serum chlorine and magnesium levels were negatively correlated with cadmium and zinc deposition in muscle tissue (r = -0.451 and r = -0.426, respectively). The data obtained can be used to develop early diagnostic and health monitoring systems for sheep exposed to anthropogenic pollution.

According to the bioclimatic potential and soil conditions, the territory of Western Siberia is suitable for growing spring rapeseed. In 2024–2025, research was conducted to develop the main elements of the varietal technology for growing the new variety of spring rapeseed 00-type Ladny for comprehensive use in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The vegetation period of the Ladny variety in the forest-steppe zone is 2–4 days shorter than that of the SibNIUK 198 and Sibirskiy varieties, and ranges from 103 to 105 days. The growth of lateral shoots begins from the base of the main shoot, and the lower internodes are shortened, which increases the plants’ resistance to lodging. The elements of the technology were tested in a changing climate in a moderately warm, insufficiently humid agro-climatic region of Western Siberia. The moisture and heat availability indicators varied greatly during the research years, but were generally acceptable for the growth and development of rapeseed plants. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of sowing dates, seeding rates, and methods of sowing spring rapeseed varieties SibNIIM 198, Ladny, and Sibirskiy on yield and its structure elements in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The influence of technology parameters, meteorological conditions of the growing season, and the characteristics of the variety on seed yield has been revealed. The maximum grain yield of the Ladny variety is achieved when sown in the second and third decades of May (14.1–14.5 centners per hectare) using the row and wide-row sowing methods with a seeding rate of 1.0–1.5 million seeds per hectare. On average, over the two years of research, the seed yield of the Ladny variety exceeds the standard (the SibNIUK 198 and Siberian varieties) by 21 %. The purpose of the research is to develop the basic techniques of varietal cultivation of spring rapeseed in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia.

The article presents materials on the concentration of Ca in the liver of the sons of different Holstein bulls. The experiments were conducted on animals bred in the Kuzbass region. Four experimental groups of cattle were provided with identical feeding and housing conditions. The analysis of feed, soil, and water did not reveal any excessive levels of heavy metals in the area where the Holstein cattle were kept. The concentration of Ca in the liver of the bulls was determined using atomic emission spectrometry on an ICP AES IRIS instrument. A genetic component in the variability of the content of the studied macronutrient in the liver was established. Thus, the content of calcium in this organ in bulls of different Holstein breed fathers was at the level of 41–51.3 mg/ kg. Intergroup differences in the content of calcium are shown. In the descendants of bull No. 318, this indicator was 1.2 times lower than in bulls of the manufacturer No. 212 (p < 0.05). The effect of the bulls’ genotype on the level of calcium accumulation in the offspring’s liver was 29 % (p < 0.05). Thus, the effect of the fathers’ genotype on the level of calcium in the sons’ liver was revealed. The phenotypic variability of calcium content in the liver ranged from 9.2 % to 22.3 %. Analysis of the similarity between the descendants of different bulls-producers in terms of the calcium content in the liver revealed two clusters, one of which included the descendants of a bull with a reduced calcium content, and the other included the remaining bulls. The established average population values of calcium concentration in the studied population can be considered the physiological norm for Holstein cattle in the climatic conditions of Western Siberia, and they can be used as indicators for characterizing the interior. The content of calcium and other chemical elements in organs and tissues provides a more accurate representation of the chemical status of dairy cattle.

The subject of the study was a collection of metal head ornaments from the Vak-Kur burial ground, consisting of metal earrings and pendants with loops at the bottom. The Vak-Kur burial ground is a key monument of the Yudinskaya archaeological culture, dating back to the 10th–11th centuries. The aim of the study is to comprehensively examine this group of ornaments (7 specimens). Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were put forward: morphological description of the jewelry, description of the manufacturing technology, review of publications to find analogies and create a typology of the jewelry discussed in the article. The relevance of the work is determined by the relatively small number of pendants with loops introduced into scientific circulation to date (only 47 specimens), the unresolved issues of the place and time of their production, and the period of their existence. To solve the set tasks, research methods traditional for historical science are used: typological, comparative-historical, descriptive method of analysis of material sources, and the method of analogies. For the first time, a classification of the entire array of pendants with loops from the territory of Eurasia, known from publications (53 specimens), has been made. According to their shape, the decorations were divided into two large groups: 1 – triangular (16 pieces); 2 – fan-shaped (37 pieces). It has been established that two- and three-lobed triangular pendants were widespread in the Urals, while fan-shaped three- and four-lobed ornaments were common in the north of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. Copper and bronze items, including those from the Vak-Kur burial site, could have been created by craftsmen on site, while silver pendants with loops were mass-produced in the Permian Urals in the 10th–11th centuries for export, primarily to Western Siberia.

The use of modern biotechnologies based on microbial biopreparations contributes to the restoration of soil microbiological activity and, overall, to the maintenance of ecological balance in the natural environment. The efficacy of microbiological preparations with different modes of action, including fungicidal, soil-improving, anti-stress, growth-stimulating, and symbiotic effects, was evaluated under the conditions of Western Siberia. Microbiological preparations and fertilizers did not demonstrate a stable significant effect on callus formation and root initiation. The use of synthetic plant growth regulators remains a reliable method for the propagation of common peach. The results of the study are of practical relevance for nursery production and for expanding the range of stone fruit crops in regions with high-risk agriculture.