Western Part Of Turkey Research Articles

Assessment of groundwater hydrogeological processes, isotopic composition, and associated health risks of the Banaz (Usak) Basin, Turkey.

The study area covers the Banaz (Usak) basin located in the Aegean Region in the western part of Turkey. Metamorphic, sedimentary, ultramafic, and volcanic rocks are dominant in the basin. The groundwaters in the study area are used for domestic, irrigational, and industrial purposes. Hence, the groundwater chemistry and major geochemical processes in the region were determined. The dominance of major elements was of the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3- > CO3- > Cl- > SO42-. Piper, Durov, Chadha, and Radial plots identified generally Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type waters as the dominant types of water in this area. In terms of physical parameters in the basin, the waters are suitable for drinking. However, arsenic content in Yesilyurt and Corum settlements exceeds the limit values of drinking water standards. In addition, the ammonium value is high in the water sample in the Corum region. Isotope contents in water samples from 2008 to 2023 were evaluated in the study area. The waters in the basin are of meteoric origin according to their stable isotope content. Tritium content in the plain waters indicates recent recharge. Additionally, for children, As and U elements were identified as risky with oral intake and As with dermal contact.

Psychosocial Problems and Coping Methods Experienced By The Nurses Working In Pandemic Clinics

Aim: This study was designed as a descriptive study using the "in-depth interview technique" to determine psychosocial problems and coping methods experienced by nurses working in Covid 19 pandemic clinics. Materials and Methods: The universe of the study consisted of 871 nurses working in pandemic clinics of a city hospital in the western part of Turkey between September 2021 and October 2021; and the sample consisted of 21 nurses working in pandemic clinics. "Personal Information Form" and "Psychosocial Health Evaluation Form in Nurses" were used as data collection tools in the study. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. Results: Mean age of the nurses participated in the study was 31.85 years old; and 76.20% were women. A total of five main themes and subthemes for each theme were identified at the end of data analysis. Five main themes identified were “Emotional Problems”, “Behavioral Problems”, “Coping Strategies”, “Occupational Changes” and “An Isolated Life”. Conclusion: Nurses experienced various psychosocial problems in their working environment during the pandemic. It is suggested to plan preventive psychosocial interventions in order to decrease and prevent psychosocial problems experienced by the nurses under challenging conditions.

Tapping into the art of teaching: Unveiling pedagogical content mastery through a riveting case study

This study aims to examine investigate variations in teachers’ perspectives regarding the pedagogical content knowledge acquired through the school experience in the pre-2018 curriculum for elementary mathematics teaching compared to its updated counterpart, now known as teaching practice in the current curriculum. In this direction, six teachers from the department of elementary mathematics teaching at the faculty of education of a university in Western part of Turkey were selected by criterion sampling method. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study in which holistic multiple case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that the teachers who studied with the old program were inadequate compared to the teachers who studied with the updated program in terms of classroom management, communication with students teaching methods, skills to use techniques.

The relation between eHealth literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours in pregnant women.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eHealth literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours among pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in five family health centres in a city in the western part of Turkey. The study sample consisted of 201 pregnant women who were admitted to the five family health centres between September and December 2022. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the eHealth Literacy Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours in Pregnancy Scale were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore predictors of health-promoting behaviours. The mean score of the eHealth Literacy Scale was 29.37 ± 6.20. The mean score of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale was 119.69 ± 13.58. Multiple linear regression showed that predictors of healthy lifestyle behaviours among pregnant women were eHealth literacy, using internet to access health information and gestational age. eHealth literacy was found to be an important factor affecting the healthy lifestyle behaviours of pregnant women. This study highlights the importance of considering pregnant women's eHealth literacy in interventions aimed at improving healthy lifestyle behaviours.

SEISMICITY AND CRUSTAL SEISMOTECTONIC DEFORMATIONS OF THE ANATOLIAN PLATE (TURKEY)

The paper deals with the study of seismicity and the crustal stress-strain state of Turkey whose tectonics is caused by relative movements of the African, Aegean, Arabian, Anatolian, Black Sea and Eurasian plates. Seismotectonic deformations (STD) were calculated using the approaches proposed by Yu.V. Riznichenko and S.L. Yunga. The distribution of seismicity, average annual STD rate (STD intensity), seismogenic rupture concentration parameter and the Tsallis parameter was plotted from the earthquake catalog data analysis (more than 300000 events for 1900–2022). The representative part includes the events with М≥2.5. The distribution of the above-mentioned parameters was calculated for a 0–40 km layer wherein most of the earthquakes are located. Deep-focus earthquakes occur at a depth to 170 km. The maximum annual number of earthquakes (more than 90) was recorded in Balikesir Province. Seismicity and STD intensity analysis was made on the periods of 1997–2009 and 2010–2022 for the western and eastern parts of Turkey and for the destructive February 6, 2023 earthquake area. The number of earthquakes recorded in the western part of Turkey (75 %) largely exceeds that recorded in the eastern part (25 %). In the period 2010–2022, there was an increase in the number of earthquakes in the eastern part of Turkey relative to the period 1997–2009, which made up 38 % of the total number of earthquakes. The studies of STD direction are based on the earthquake focal mechanism data (807 events for 1976–2023). STD intensity in the February 6, 2023 earthquake area, with regard to the February 6, 2023 earthquakes, is 1.34⋅10–6 year–1, and the background intensity for the entire period of observation (1900–2022) is –10–10 year–1. The STD maps show the diversity of deformation settings in the study area. Turkey is largely dominated by the horizontal shear mode (eastern and central parts). The extension mode manifests itself in the southwestern part. The western part of Turkey and the southern part of the East Anatolian fault zone are characterized by transtension mode. The Lake Van area is characterized by transpression mode. The shortening axis direction changes from sublatitudinal in the west of Turkey to submeridional in the east. STD tensors served as a base for plotting the distributions of the Lode – Nadai coefficient με and the vertical component. Based on the seismic and GNSS data, a comparison was made between the shortening and elongation axes directions.

The Effect on Clinical Stress Levels of the Readiness and Acceptance Nursing Students Regarding the Online Learning Method Used in Professional Skills Practice

Objective: The study was conducted with the aim of determining the readiness and acceptance levels and the clinical stress levels of students of a faculty of nursing for online learning in before, during and after clinical practice.
 Material and method: The descriptive research was executed with 233 students enrolled in the Faculty of Nursing in Izmir, in the western part of Turkey. The data was collected by means of Student Descriptive Characteristics Form,the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS), the Online Learning Acceptance Scale (OLAS) and the Clinical Stress Questionnairre (CSQ). Number-percentage distribution, test/Mann Whitney-U/Kruskal Wallis analysis, Friedman variance analysis were used in the evaluation of the relevant data.
 Results: The difference between the three different measurements of the OLRS and OLAS were examined, and a statistically significant difference was found between them (X2=14.52, p<0.05; X2=35.02; p<0.05). The difference between the three different CSQ measurements was examined, and a statistically significant difference was found between them (X2=37.68; p<0.05).
 Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined and identified that the readiness of the students for online learning and their acceptance levels show increase in the recurrent measurements and their stress levels with clinical practice reduces.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 01 January’24 Page : 95-101

The Relationship between Compassion Fatigue and Quality of Life in Surgical Nurses

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between compassion fatigue and quality of life of nurses working in surgical clinics. Materials and Methods: The study is of a descriptive cross-sectional type. Surgical nurses working in university hospitals in the western part of Turkey were reached via WhatsApp groups, in which the research team is also registered. The study was completed with 216 surgical nurses who agreed to participate in the research. An online questionnaire was sent to the participants to collect data. The data collection tools used were the personal information form, SF-12 Quality of Life Scale, and Compassion Fatigue Scale. Descriptive statistics, Student t test, one- way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data evaluation. Results: The nurses' Compassion Fatigue Scale total score was 65.37±25.00. The sub-dimension mean scores were as follows: Secondary Trauma was 23.66±10.56, and Professional Burnout was 41.71±15.98. The SF-12 Physical Component Summary score was 41.74±5.29, and the Mental Component Summary score was 38.01±5.01. There was a high level of positive relationship between the Compassion Fatigue Scale total score and its sub-dimensions, while a negative low-level correlation was observed between the SF-12 sub-dimensions and the Compassion Fatigue Scale total score and sub-dimensions (p

Genetic diversity and molecular variability of ’Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ based on multilocus sequence typing analysis in tomato plantations of western Turkey

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) is a very common pathogen in the Euro-Mediterranean regions and has been reported in many countries. Field surveys were conducted in tomato plantations in 2022 to determine the CaPsol infections in the western part of Turkey, which has the highest vegetable production volume. A total of 67 tomato samples, 52 symptomatic and 15 asymptomatic, were collected from four different provinces. A total of thirteen CaPsol strains were identified using molecular techniques from tomato samples. The tuf/stamp/vmp1 genes molecular markers were used to perform molecular and genetic diversity characterizations of these strains. The tuf-b1 genotype and five different stamp genotypes genetically closely related to Eastern European strains were determined in all strains. In addition, these strains showed more than 99% nucleotide sequence similarity with 4 different vmp1 genotypes: V2-TA, V14, V4, and V15. Advanced bioinformatics analyses were performed with stamp (N = 290) and vmp1 (N = 207) strains obtained from this study and GenBank. These analyses showed that the strains for both gene regions descended from two molecular evolutionary ancestors. In order to calculate the genetic distance relationships according to the stamp and vmp1 gene regions, a hierarchical classification was done as geographical and host populations. While these analyses demonstrate the close genetic relationship between Turkish and Eastern European populations, they strongly confirm the importance of the epidemiological cycle between weed, perennial, and insect vectors. Then, molecular variance analyses (AMOVA) were performed on these classified populations. The results indicated high variation for both gene regions but showed that each strain contributed greatly to the CaPsol genetic diversity. Thus, for the first time, multilocus sequence patterns of CaPsol strains obtained from western Turkey were extracted. Extensive genetic analyses have strongly demonstrated the importance of horizontal transmission in the control and epidemiological cycle of CaPsol.

Excessive groundwater withdrawal and resultant land subsidence in the Küçük Menderes River Basin, Turkey as estimated from InSAR-SBAS and GNSS measurements

Küçük Menderes River Basin (KMRB) is located in the western part of Turkey in the city of İzmir. The basin hosts about half a million people and 90% of the population makes their living from farming and animal husbandry. Most of the water needs for agricultural irrigation, animal husbandry, and drinking are met from groundwater resources in the basin. Since the water pumped from the aquifers cannot be naturally recharged by surface waters and precipitation, the groundwater level is rapidly receding and a decrease of up to 150 meters has been observed in the historical groundwater level time series since the 1990s. For this reason, land subsidence occurred in the basin and as a result of this, crustal surface cracks have formed and infrastructure and superstructure facilities have been endangered. To prevent loss of life and property that may occur in the future, it has become necessary to estimate the magnitude and the expansion zone of the land subsidence by carrying out geodetic monitoring studies in the region.In this study, the analyzes performed by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar-Small Baseline Subset (InSAR-SBAS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) methods to monitor land subsidence in the KMRB are presented. For this purpose, monthly 74 SAR images from 2017 to the end of 2022 were evaluated according to the SBAS procedure in the GMTSAR academic analysis software. In order to, both validate the InSAR-SBAS results and convert the deformation rate in the Line of Sight (LOS) to the ellipsoid normal direction, 3 periods of GNSS campaign were performed between 2021 and 2023 in 5 different GNSS stations and evaluated with the GAMIT/GLOBK software. According to the analyses, the land subsidence rate of up to −165 mm/year has been estimated in the KMRB, especially in the district centers of Bayındır and Ödemiş. In addition, unlike many studies, different rates and propagation of subsidence were determined in different parts of the basin depending on the aquifer type and precipitation. Monthly time series of the deformations were created and the behavior of the deformations and its relationship with the groundwater withdrawal and the lithological structure in the region was scrutinized. Thus, the spatio-temporal behaviour of the land subsidence and the associated geological factors were revealed.

Book Review: It’s A Stray Dog’s Life by Maximillian Sam

Maximillian Sam’s book for children, It’s A Stray Dog’s Life (2022, Austin Macauley Publishers), tells the story of the stray dogs in a seaside resort in western part of Turkey. We aren’t told much about the setting except for details like the seaside, the bars in the seaside or the dogs’ swimming experiences. The time is not specified but from the details like the cars, TV, accessibility of vet facilities, we infer that it is late 20th or early 21st century. There are three interlocked episodes which are narrated by three intradiegetic dog narrators. The episodes are short and convey descriptive accounts of these dogs’ lives with an Englishman called Ollie who provides food, shelter and cuddle for these dogs. The narration is not anthropocentric but it cannot help being anthropomorphic as the dogs perform the human norms and morality like respect for others, a willingness to share their food, being friendly to the neighbours, etc. Their feelings are given in human terms, too.

Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance among HIV-1 Patients in the Aegean Region: Results from the Western part of Turkey.

This study aimed to analyze the antiretroviral drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients in the Aegean Region of Turkey from 2012 to 2019. The study included 814 plasma samples from treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients. Drug resistance analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing (SS) between 2012-2017 and by next-generation sequencing sequencing (NGS) between 2018-2019. SS was used to analyze resistance mutations in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) gene regions using a ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System. PCR products were analyzed with an ABI3500 GeneticAnalyzer (Applied Biosystems). The sequencing of the HIV genome in the PR, RT, and integrase gene regions was carried out using MiSeq NGS technology. Drug resistance mutations and subtypes were interpreted using the Stanford University HIV-1 drug resistance database. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was detected in 34/814 ( 4.1 %) samples. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations were identified in 1.4 % (n =12), 2.4 % (n =20), and 0.3 % (n = 3) of samples, respectively. The most common subtypes were B (53.1 % ), A (10.9%), CRF29_BF (10.6%), and B + CRF02_AG (8,2%). The most common TDR mutations were E138A (3.4%), T215 revertants (1.7%), M41L (1.5%), and K103N (1.1%). Transmitted drug resistance rate in the Aegean Region is compatible with national and regional data. Routine surveillance of resistance mutations may guide the safe and correct selection of initial drug combinations for antiretroviral therapy. The identification of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant forms in Turkey may contribute to international molecular epidemiological data.

Does Quality of Work-Life in the Fitness Centers Affect the Turnover Intention of Fitness Trainers for Women?

This study aims to examine the effect of work-life quality on women trainers’ turnover intentions in fitness centers. Data were collected from fitness centers for women in metropolitan cities in the western part of Turkey. 243 women fitness trainers participated in the study voluntarily. The work-life quality scale developed by Chen and Farh (2000) and the turnover intention scale developed by Landau and Hammer (1986) were used as data collection tools. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the effect of worklife quality on turnover intention. The analysis showed that the quality of work-life in the fitness centers for women affected the turnover intention of women fitness trainers significantly and negatively (β=-0.358; p<0.01). As a result, this study suggests that organizations should increase the quality of work-life to reduce employee turnover intention.

NATIONAL IDENTITY AND NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS – THE TURKISH CASE

The aim of this research was to determine pre-service social studies teachers’ knowledge and perceptions both towards their national identity and neighbour countries of Turkey. Based on qualitative research methodology, participants consisted of 73 pre-service social studies teachers at a university located in the western part of Turkey. The selection of pre-service teachers was based on purposeful sampling with no gender-specific selection. A questionnaire was developed based on qualitative means which included open-ended questions regarding the pre-service social studies teachers’ perceptions of both national identity and neighbour states of Turkey. They also created metaphors for those countries. In conclusion, it is seen that for Turkish pre-service social studies teachers being a Turkish citizen equalled kinship, loyalty to historical heritage, patriotism and duties towards own nation. In the case of neighbour countries, they could present less knowledge about those countries.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0956/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The effect of baby oil applied to pruritus areas on pruritus, fatigue and anxiety in cirrhosis patients with pruritus

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baby oil on pruritus, anxiety and fatigue levels of patients with liver cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 patients hospitalized in the internal medicine clinic of a University hospital in the western part of Turkey. Patients in both groups; Patient Information Form, 5-D Itch Scale, Visual Analog Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied. In the intervention group, cooled baby oil was applied to the itching area 15 minutes at a time for a duration of 15 days. In the control group, no baby oil was applied. After 15 days’ period, the same questionnaires were re-applied to the both groups. 5-D Itch Scale, Visual Analog Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores of the patients in the control and intervention groups were compared before and after the baby oil application. Results: Following the intervention, 5-D Itch Scale (19.016, p<0.001), Visual Analog Scale (20.544, p<0.001), Fatigue Severity Scale (6.292, p<0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (4.705, p<0.001) scores were found to be significantly lower compared to the pretest assessment in the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that baby oil may be used as an effective nursing method in reducing pruritus, anxiety and fatigue in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Exploration of Science Teachers' Views About Socioscientific Issues

The aim of this study is to explore the views of inservice science teachers on Socioscientific issues (SSI). The research wascarried out by using the phenomenological research, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The participants ofthe study was formed by using the criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. Theparticipants were 6 inservice science teachers working in the western part of Turkey. In present study, the interview form,developed by the researcherswere used as data collection tools. The data obtained from the research were transcribed.Written documents obtained were analyzed mature by content analysis in accordance with the qualitative researchphilosophy. As a result of the research, it has been observed that science teachers have different ideas about what SSI meanand have difficulties to get out of certain subjects in giving examples to SSI. When the place of SSI in science education wasexamined, it was found that the science teachers' opinions about the inclusion of SSI in science teaching is positive. It wasseen that the participants had difficulty in giving examples to SSI that should not be discussed in the classroom. Suggestionswere made in the light of the findings obtained from the present study.

The literacy preparation in Turkish preschool education.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the views and recommendations of the preschool and primary school teachers on the literacy preparation in Turkish preschool education. The study is designed as phenomenological research. The participants of the study are 12 preschool and 9 primary school teachers who have been teaching actively in the western part of Turkey. The qualitative data was collected through face-to-face interviews and analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the study show that preschool teachers have some confusion on literacy preparation and readiness. While preschool and primary school teachers are of the same opinion about the need for literacy preparation in preschool education, they have different opinions about the literacy preparation activities conducted in preschool education. While preschool teachers think that they get preschoolers ready for literacy, primary school teachers think that first graders in their classes do not come literately ready from preschool education. Teachers participated in the study; think that the lack of collaboration among preschool and primary school teachers, some deficiencies in preschool education curriculum and in the education system, and the preschool teachers’ imperfect knowledge in the literacy readiness are the possible reasons of inadequacy of readiness for literacy in preschool education. They recommend systematic collaboration among teachers, review of preschool education curriculum and providing professional support for preschool teachers to support literacy readiness in preschool education.

Spatiotemporal analysis of drought by CHIRPS precipitation estimates

Drought is one of the most devastating natural hazards causing considerable losses in all climatic zones of the world. It is one of the most complex and the least understood hazards at the same time because of its spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable character. Spatially dense and uniformly distributed ground-based meteorological data are needed for proper spatial and temporal drought analysis. In practice, such data are lacking in general due either to the nonexistence of ground stations or their uneven and scarce distribution over a region. This creates a great potential in the use of satellite precipitation estimates (SPEs) such as the long-period high-resolution Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data in drought analysis. In this study, we aim to analyze drought over the Kucuk Menderes River Basin in the western part of Turkey by using the CHIRPS data, which were found highly correlated with precipitation in the local ground stations. The analysis was performed by considering the spatial variability and temporal change in the drought characterization based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated at the 3-month (seasonal) timescale. Drought in the river basin was found to have a within-year variability from month to month, and a spatial variability over the basin in any given month. Also, an over-year variability with a decreasing trend exists, which could be considered a signal for more strengthened droughts in the future. The study eventually demonstrates how the CHIRPS SPEs could be useful in the spatial and temporal drought analysis for regions with limited ground-based meteorological data.

Mortality-associated factors of candidemia: a multi-center prospective cohort in Turkey.

Candidemia may present as severe and life-threatening infections and is associated with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with candidemia. A multi-center prospective observational study was conducted in seven university hospitals in six provinces in the western part of Turkey. Patient data were collected with a structured form between January 2018 and April 2019. In total, 425 episodes of candidemia were observed during the study period. Two hundred forty-one patients died within 30days, and the 30-day crude mortality rate was 56.7%. Multivariable analysis found that SOFA score (OR: 1.28, CI: 1.154-1.420, p < 0.001), parenteral nutrition (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.752-8.810, p = 0.001), previous antibacterial treatment (OR: 9.32, CI: 1.634-53.744, p = 0.012), newly developed renal failure after candidemia (OR: 2.7, CI: 1.079-6.761, p = 0.034), and newly developed thrombocytopenia after candidemia (OR: 2.6, CI: 1. 057-6.439, p = 0.038) were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Central venous catheter removal was the only factor protective against mortality (OR: 0.34, CI:0.147-0.768, p = 0.010) in multivariable analysis. Candidemia mortality is high in patients with high SOFA scores, those receiving TPN therapy, and those who previously received antibacterial therapy. Renal failure and thrombocytopenia developing after candidemia should be followed carefully in patients. Antifungal therapy and removing the central venous catheter are essential in the management of candidemia.

Genotypic characterization of meat-type lambs expressing the callipyge gene in Turkey:I. Carcass characteristics and retail yield

This study is set out to evaluate the effects of callipyge (CLPG) gene, attributed to sheep affecting growth and meat quality, on carcass and sensory trait of most preferred meat-type lamb (Kıvırcık, Karacabey Merino, Ramlıç, German Black-Head Mutton × Kıvırcık, Hampshire Down × Merino) in the western part of Turkey. Two datasets were used: (i) 177 lambs (66 males, 111 females) to determine genotype and allele frequencies; (ii) 48 genotypically identified male lambs for the assessment of carcass and meat sensory quality. It was found that homozygous (NN) and heterozygous (MN) conditions of the CLPG gene were observed in all sheep breeds, except Ramlıç which exhibits only NN. No significant differences were observed in CLPG genotypes for slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, and cold dressing percentage (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the effect of genotype on neck percentage was significant (p < 0.01), and lambs expressing CLPG genotype (MN) had a higher neck percentage. Not significantly, but numerically the MN genotype had a higher percentage of the shoulder, rack, and leg than the NN genotype, while the NN genotype had a higher percentage of loin (p > 0.05). Similarly, the effect of genotype on meat quality assessment was not significant (p > 0.05); however, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the NN genotype were higher than the MN genotype. Indeed, no interaction between genotype and time was observed on the color parameter of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at various storage periods (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that all meat-type sheep breeds (except Ramlıç) were polymorphic, suggesting that heterozygous individuals who received the CLPG mutation from the sire should be adopted in selection programs to improve carcass traits.

Tuzlu Su Özelliğine Sahip Bafa Gölü’nün (Muğla, Türkiye) Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Analizler Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Lake Bafa is one of the biggest lake in the western part of Turkey. It has a great importance in terms of both historical and biodiversity. Lake Bafa which was fed by Büyük Menderes River has become an area where the pollutant factors carried by the river accumulated over time. In this context, the complex physicochemical characteristics of Lake Bafa were evaluated and water quality classes were determined in order to constitute a monitoring pattern. In this research, the water samples were taken monthly from eight different stations located in the Lake Bafa during the two years study period (2015-2017). Total of 22 water quality parameters including atmospheric pressure, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolution solids, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, sulphate total phosphorus and total nitrogen were investigated in water samples. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Pearson Correlation Analysis and compared with the limit values reported by various national and international organizations. According to the results PCA, three factors (PCA 1, PCA 2 and PCA 3) explained 79.05% of the total variance while CA results exhibited three statistically significant clusters. Overall the results suggested that Lake Bafa has been exposed to high amount of pollution and it is generally classified in “Class III-IV” water quality level based on both Klee’s method and Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.