Western Authors Research Articles

The View of Christian Authors on the Practice of Devshirme in the 16th Century Ottoman Empire

The paper examines how various 16th century Christian sources (the vitae of the Balkan martyrs and the notes of Western travelers) reflect one of the cruelest practices of the Ottoman Empire: It is the so-called devshirme or «blood tax» – a system of forced recruitment of Christian boys for their conversion to Islam, upbringing in Turkish culture and subsequent transformation into faithful servants of sultan – soldiers of the Janissary corps or civil servants. Author of the South Slavic vitae of St. George the New of Sophia warns his Christian readers against the dangers of devshirme, as the main character of the vitae even had to leave his native home in order not to become a janissary and to keep his faith. The South Slavic scribe is echoed by the author of the Russian vitae of St. George the New: he conveys a frightening description of devshirme as the most terrible atrocity of the «Hagaren tsars» – for the sake of the sultan’s «honors» Christian children forget their faith and turn into faithful servants of a foreign religion. More detailed descriptions of devshirme are found in the writings left by Western travelers and diplomats who visited the Ottoman empire in the 16th century. They also talk about the horrors of the «blood tax», but more focus on how the Christians of the Ottoman Empire tried to avoid this heavy levy, as well as on the fact that some Christians themselves were ready to give their children to the Ottoman sultans in order to provide them with better social standing in the future. Western authors do not ignore some of the abuses of the Ottoman authorities in collecting the «blood tax» in the second half of the 16th century, that can be explained by negative trends in the development of the Ottoman state in this period. Despite all of this, many European travelers and diplomats talk about the meritocratic approach of the Ottoman authorities to the formation of the state elite, which is partly expressed in devshirme. The Western authors find this approach as one of the main reasons for the success of the 16th-century Ottoman expansion.

Trans(inter?)textual Migrations (Relations?) in the Traditional (Postmodernist?) Narrative of Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie's narrative style reflects a blend of traditional oral storytelling and postmodern literary techniques. This duality makes it challenging to categorize him strictly as either a traditional or postmodernist writer. His works, such as Midnight’s Children, exhibit fragmented storytelling akin to oral narratives, where the narrator frequently digresses, influenced by their environment and memories. These digressions create intertextual relationships, not just between texts but also between the text and the non-textual world, a technique which is called the "grasshopper narrative” in this paper. Rushdie's Midnight’s Children is heavily influenced by both Eastern oral traditions and Western literary techniques. The narrative is interspersed with references and borrowings from other texts and traditions, creating a tapestry of intertextual and trans-textual relations. For instance, characters and motifs from Forster’s A Passage to India and Kipling’s Kim find their way into Rushdie’s narrative, creating a dialogue between these works and Rushdie’s own. Moreover, the novel’s fragmented structure and the presence of a listener, Padma, enhance its oral storytelling feel, reinforcing its connection to traditional Eastern narratives. The influence of Western authors like Günter Grass and Gabriel García Márquez is also evident. These influences blend with Rushdie’s use of magic realism and his unique narrative style. Furthermore, Rushdie’s cinematic influences and his use of film vocabulary add another layer to his complex narrative structure. Rushdie’s narrative technique is a hybrid of traditional oral storytelling and postmodernist intertextuality, creating rich, multi-layered texts that traverse cultural and textual boundaries.

MODERN WESTERN TRENDS IN SERAH WRITING: AN ASSESSMENT OF JOHN V. TOLAN AND CRAIG CONSIDINE’S APPROACH

The captivating realm of SÊrah writing, encapsulating the life of Prophet Muhammad (Hazrat Muhammad Rasulullah Khatam un Nabiyyin Sallallahu ‘alaihi wa ‘ala alihi wa Ashabihi wa Sallam), has long been a focal point within the intellectual tapestry of Islam. Scholars, historians, and biographers, both Muslim and non-Muslims, have passionately contributed to this genre, transcending linguistic boundaries and embracing the diversity of world languages. Western authors have depicted the Holy Prophet (Sal Allah-u-‘alaihe wa sallam) in a myriad of ways, often leaning towards disparaging and negative portrayals, with sporadic instances of a positive and unbiased approach. However, a significant transformation has unfolded, particularly in the post-9/11 era, where admirers of the Holy Prophet (Sal Allah-u-‘alaihe wa sallam) ardently advocate for his multi-dimensional personality as a beacon for human emancipation, peace, progress, and salvation. Two such examples are John V. Tolan (b. 1959) and Craig Considine (b. 1985) — contemporary luminaries whose works echo this positive shift within non-Muslim Western scholarship. This study delves into an assessment and analysis of Tolan and Considine’s approach to SÊrah writing, seeking to illuminate the ‘positive approach of non-Muslim Westerners in Serah writing.’ One of the major findings of this study is that in the post-9/11 era, we witnessed a number of instances of the positive and authentic facets of Islam and the life of the Holy Prophet (sal Allah-u-‘alaihe wa sallam). Through scholarly endeavours, Tolan and Considine contribute significantly to this evolving narrative, marking a rising momentum in contemporary Western scholarship toward unveiling a more accurate and uplifting portrayal of Islam and the Holy Prophet (sal Allah-u-‘alaihe wa sallam).

Международное образование как предмет сравнительного исследования в западной теории

The article presents an analysis of the Western theory of international education from the point of view of substantiating the comparative approach as the dominant method in foreign research on this topic. The novelty of the research lies in the description of comparative international education as a field of scientific interests of Western authors. Its specificity lies in the fact that it makes it possible to consider general trends in global education, and not only to analyze its individual directions. The international centers CIE, CICED, CESA, WCCES, using this method, analyze national strategies in the field of education, the dynamics of industry development, pedagogical practices, traditions, and prospects for international education in the context of globalization. A study of the works of Western authors has revealed that today the theory of international education has not yet been fully formed. This is indicated by problems such as borrowing and innovation in this environment, the lack of coordination between the results of its research and the activities of relevant ministries. To identify the opportunities and risks that are present in the Western theory of comparative international education, the author used a comparative approach, phenomenological, interpretative and descriptive methods. Moving forward, continued interdisciplinary dialogue and methodological refinement are essential for advancing the theory and practice of international education in a rapidly changing world. Ultimately, fostering collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and practitioners is imperative for realizing the full potential of international education as a catalyst for global development and cooperation.

Some Strange - Anachronic Attitudes of Mr. Zoran Janjetović on Emigration of the Muslim Population of Yugoslavia in Turkey

In the Journal of the Institute for Recent History of Serbia, Belgrade – “Tokovi istorije”, 3/2022, among other articles, an “Original scientific paper” was published, in English, by dr. Zoran Janjetović, a scientific advisor in the mentioned Institute, on the Emigration of the Kosovo Albanians into Turkey during the 1950s of the 20th century. In the same article, the author rightly partially referred to the question of the emigration of the rest of the Muslim population of Yugoslavia to Turkey, before and after the Second World War. After reading and analysing the such article, I came to the conclusion that the mentioned paper is certainly original, but, in my opinion, by no means scientific. In other words, in the time when almost all archival material is available for the research of the mentioned problem, to conclude that the emigration of Albanians, Turks, Boshniaks and other Muslims of Kosovo and the FPR of Yugoslavia as a whole, in Turkey, after the Second World War, was free/ according to their free will, in my opinion and deep conviction, is beyond all logic and historical truth. For example, the conclusions of Mr. Zoran Janjetović: a) „…partial emigration of ethnic Turks was acceptable, but the emigration of all Muslims, especially Albanians, was considered politically harmful. To prevent this, the Macedonian territory was divided into 'blocks' based on the number of ethnic Turks. Emigration was permitted from areas with a larger number of Turks, but not from those with a smaller number“; b) „The Yugoslav and Serbian authorities opposed the emigration of non-Turks from the very beginning, and this policy remained in place for a long time, especially for Muslims outside of Macedonia. Claims by some Western authors that the 'Serbian' authorities allegedly wanted to expel Albanians are unfounded. On the contrary, until 1957, the authorities in Serbia were against emigration from Kosovo, and the Federal government also wanted to limit emigration only to Macedonian Turks “; and, c) „The Muslims started to emigrate to Turkey after a ‘gentlemen’s agreement’ of 1953 between Tito and Turkish Foreign Minister Fuat Köprülü. The agreement foresaw emigration of ethnic Turks from Macedonia, but other Muslims tended to join them. Because of that the Yugoslav authorities strove to limit emigration only to Turkish - inhabited parts of Macedonia. This failed because Muslims came to Macedonia from other parts of the country in order to emigrate. Among these emigrants there was a certain number of Kosovo Albanians. Like the Turks, they emigrated for religious, economic and social reasons… The article shows that the Yugoslav authorities in no way supported Albanian emigration, but rather that they tried to stop it“, in my opinion, are untrue and scientifically unfounded. In other words, according to my knowledge, and as cited in my book and in several of my articles on this subject, the mass emigration of the Muslim population, including the emigration of the Albanians from Yugoslavia to Turkey, after the Second World War started аs a result of the flagrant abuse of the mentioned bilateral agreement, by the Yugoslav/ Macedonian authorities. The emigration to Turkey was allowed not only to a small portion of Turks, as previously was agreed upon, but rather to the Turkish and the rest of the Muslim population as a whole. That the stated conclusions of Mr. Z. Janjetović are not correct, among other things, is confirmed by the final result of the mass emigration not only the Turks, but also a large number of Albanians and other Muslim populations.

A Bibliometrics Analysis of Scopus-Indexed Research on Teachers’ Well-Being from 1995-2022: Emerging Research Trends

<p style="text-align:justify">Teacher well-being has gained significant prominence in academic publications indexed by Scopus in recent years. This study employs rigorous bibliometric analysis to trace the evolution of teacher well-being literature, examining 326 relevant publications from 1995 to 2022. Our findings reveal two crucial inflexion points in 2013, driven by the global economic downturn, and 2020, propelled by the widespread repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, including teacher unemployment. These inflexion points underscore the real-world events' profound impact on academic discourse in teacher well-being. Traditionally, authors from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom have shaped this discourse. Dutch scholars have also gained recognition, accumulating substantial citations. This paradigm shift is paramount as emerging nations like Iran, Ireland, China, and Austria increasingly contribute, challenging the dominance of Western authors. This shift underscores the evolving dynamics of scholarly contributions in teacher well-being research, emphasizing the need for a more diverse and inclusive academic dialogue. This study provides a panoramic view of the trajectory of teacher well-being research, shedding light on the interplay between global events and scholarly responses. It highlights nations' evolving roles in shaping this discourse, acknowledging established influences while recognizing the contributions emerging from voices in the field. These findings enrich the global dialogue surrounding teacher well-being and offer insights into the dynamic forces shaping this vital field of study, compelling the academic community to adapt, diversify, and foster a more inclusive conversation on teacher well-being.</p>

Transformations of the family institution: from the pre-modern to the metamodern

The relevance of the stated topic is due to the modern socio-cultural situation. On the one hand, the family is the most important social institution, the state of which determines the well-being of society. On the other hand, the modern family is experiencing a crisis, which finds its expression in a decrease in fertility rates, a narrowing of family functions, a growing number of divorces, etc. The purpose of the work is to study the relationship of the family as a mechanism for ensuring the translation and reproduction of culture with the processes taking place in society. The problems of the family are considered in the context of modernization processes in the world – in the context of the transition from a traditional society to a modern one, from a pre-modern culture to a meta-modern one. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of Russian and Western authors exploring the problems of the family in a historical context. The interdisciplinary nature of the work determines the combination of socio-philosophical and cultural approaches to the problem of dynamics and possible prospects of the institution of the family. The paper examines the causes of family transformation, the consequences of the family crisis for the development of society and civilization, as well as possible options for the future of the family in connection with the changes taking place in the culture of the early 21st century. The author concludes that the fetishization of personal freedom and the spread of values of self-expression in postmodern culture contradicts the values of self-preservation of society as an integral, unique education. However, the crisis processes in the 21st century undermine the sense of existential security that was inherent in the postmodern era and caused the decline of traditional norms. In the culture of metamodernism, there is a turn towards transcendence and spirituality, which can become a turn towards traditional cultural values, including the family. And this, according to the author, is the positive significance of the modern socio-cultural crisis.

The Chinese surveillance state in Latin America? Evidence from Argentina and Ecuador

Western authors fear that Chinese exports of surveillance technologies to Global South countries may lead to reproduction of the problematic surveillance practices that the Chinese state practices within its borders. However, much of this literature is not based on empirically-grounded research. To examine such concerns, we investigated two surveillance projects built in Argentina and Ecuador in cooperation with Chinese enterprises—JSeI in Argentina and ECU 911 in Ecuador. Based on empirical evidence, we argue for a more situated and differentiated approach for examining such projects that considers the distributed agency among local and Chinese actors, as well as the economic, social, and political factors that led to their deployment.

Scientific research by British authors on the Second World War as an element of information and psychological confrontation with Russia

The article examines the political and ideological narratives in the scientific research of British authors devoted to the Second World War. The purpose of this publication is to study the works of British authors as a tool of information and psychological warfare aimed at promoting a certain ideological agenda in Russian society. In the course of the study, some recommendations were formulated that can contribute to strengthening state policy in the field of preserving historical memory. The subject of the research is the scientific research of such authors as: E. Beevor, M. Hastings, T.Ripley, K.Aylesby, S. Crawford, N. Cornish, S.Hart, R. Hart and M. Hughes. The object is political and ideological narratives aimed at promoting the pro-Western agenda in the information and educational field, as well as in the publishing sphere. The research methodology was subordinated to the goals and objectives of the work, directly reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the topic under study. To identify the main narratives in the works of foreign authors, a qualitative content analysis was conducted aimed at reflecting the main plots, images and their political and ideological content. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the distortion and manipulation of historical memory in the research of British authors is aimed at promoting a certain ideological and political agenda. This process is carried out using a one-sided selection of facts in the description, certain events and the placement of narrative accents, as well as in the dehumanization of the Red Army and the Soviet Union. The narrative constructed by Western authors is aimed at both the internal audience and the younger generation within our country, in order to involve them in the areola of Western information policy. Today, the narrative of the Second World War is used by modern researchers and politicians of the Western world as a tool to promote the anti-Russian agenda. In order to counteract the Western policy of distorting historical memory, it is necessary to take a number of the following measures: the promotion of popular scientific journals on history, the return of editorial edits and articles from the editor when publishing research by Western authors, the return of printing memoirs of Red Army soldiers and the restriction of publication of memoirs of the German military.

Журнал Marg как один из источников художественной жизни Индии 1930-1950-х гг.

In the first half of the twentieth century, Indian art was undergoing major transformations that radically changed its pictorial language. Domestic and foreign researchers paid their attention to the art of India in the first half of the century. So, among Western authors, I would like to highlight a contemporary of these processes, William George Archer, British art critic Parthu Mitter who studied the formation of modern Indian painting and the relationship of Indian and European art, as well as the largest specialist in the field of painting of the Bengal Renaissance and early Indian modernism R. Shiva Kumar. Among the Russian-speaking authors, I would like to highlight the works of I.I. Sheptunova who considered the art of the beginning of the century as a transitional period from the well-established medieval schools of miniature to modern painting, S.I. Potabenko whose works refer to the art of the region of New and Modern times, as well as T.G. Skorokhodova who considers the history and philosophy of India of the twentieth century, as well as the links between East and West. However, the process of the birth of modernism in India is still little consecrated in the Russian-language scientific literature. The artistic life of India in the first half of the twentieth century was marked by two important processes: the Bengal Renaissance and the birth of modernism. At this time, various creative associations and clubs began to work in the country, educational institutions associated with the names of famous artists and cultural figures were opened, and publications appeared covering the heritage of local and foreign masters. In addition to the works of witnesses of these processes: memoirs, interviews, diaries – which are included in the works of these researchers, it is worth noting that an interesting but poorly studied source is the Marg magazine, which began to be published in October 1946. The article considers Marg magazine as a valuable source of information on the artistic life of India in the 1930–1950s which, along with a description of the cultural processes of the mid-20th century, gives an idea of the formation of art criticism in India. Since the early years of its existence, Marg has set a high tone for the coverage of art in the press. The magazine was one of the first examples of an art history approach to the study and understanding of works of art from both the past and present of Indian art. Conceived as a “path” to creating and maintaining a new society, the magazine quickly became one of the most respected publications on art and architecture in the region. Written by researchers and experts, today Marg is not only an example of the beginning of art criticism in the country, but also a valuable source of information about the artistic life of India in the second quarter of the twentieth century, the works and personalities of authors who created a new visual culture of the country.

THE ROLE OF SAMPLES OF ORAL AND WRITTEN LITERATURE OF THE TURKIC PEOPLES IN THE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES OF THE EAST AND THE WEST

The works of Mahmud Kashgari, Yusuf Balasaguni, Ahmed Yugnaki, and Ahmed Yassawi, which appeared in the era of the Karakhanid state, are considered the first pearls of Islamic culture in the Turkic world. Examples from oral folk art, as well as from written monuments used in these works, themes, plot construction, as well as formed literary traditions in creating images were widely used in subsequent centuries by great poets, representatives of Turkic literature. The main purpose of this study is to select among them those who could represent a certain folk literature, and, accordingly, the literary era. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that on the basis of the works of oral and written literature, the formed literary traditions are determined, which played a huge role in the rapprochement of the cultures of the East and the West. Of course, in considering these problems, the main attention will be paid to the traditions of Oriental literature, to the development of which the written monuments that appeared in various eras in the territories of Central Asia, once part of the Karakhanid state, have made an invaluable contribution. To achieve this goal, the issues of mutual influence and interrelation of oral and written literature (themes, plots, motifs, images, genres), the main stages of the formation and development of poetic forms, traditions in Turkic literature are c onsidered. In solving the tasks set by comparative analysis, the works of Turkic and Iranian-speaking authors are considered, and to a certain extent the works of Western authors are also involved. The results of this work can contribute to further in-depth research of the literature of the Turkic peoples, as well as its use in pedagogical practice.

“A Wider and Stranger Space”: World Literature and World-building in Xue Yiwei’s Fiction

Through references to Xue Yiwei’s (1964–) emigration to Canada, the translation of his works into English, and his repeated discussion of Western authors, the majority of critics have emphasized Xue’s global outlook. However, to date, there has been relatively little discussion of the ways in which his engagement with the world has shaped his writing. This article considers how Xue Yiwei attempts to “transcend the boundaries of language” and create what he calls a “wider and stranger space for literature” against the background of a historically fraught relationship between Chinese and World literature. What does this space look like? Where can we locate it in relation to China and in relation to the world? How does Xue attempt to shape this space through his writing? This article considers these questions from three angles: Xue’s repeated use of explicit intertextuality, the multilingual and polyphonic nature of his writing, and the way in which his books have circulated beyond China. Despite continuing unevenness in the global literary field, this article argues for points of creative agency in Xue Yiwei’s attempt to “dialogue with the world.”

The Generation of ‘The Wandering Years’ – Traveling culture in Europe and in Hungary between the World Wars

In my article, I try to offer a comparative view of Western European and Hungarian travel literature between the World Wars. First, I examine the changes of Western traveling culture in the post-war era, then I analyze the narrato-poetic features of the travelogue, as a popular literary genre of the 1920s and 1930s. In the second chapter of my study, I introduce the Hungarian contemporaries of Waugh, Green, or Orwell. They were the generation of ‘the wandering years’, as it was called by one of them, Antal Szerb. I argue, that the main questions of the Hungarian travelers and narrative characteristics of their works not just simply resemble to the Western authors’, but they could give a relevant contribution to the contemporary European travel literature, emphasizing the integration of the thinking of Hungarian intellectuals to the European stream.

Ղեկավարի գործունեության արդյունավետությունն ապահովող կարողություններն ու «փափուկ հմտությունները» արդի աշխարհի մարտահրավերների համատեքստում / Effective Manager's Capabilities and "Soft Skills" in the Context of the World's Challenges

Abstract. The article outlines new requirements for the efficiency of managers in the context of the challenges facing the world today and the uncertainty they bring with them. First, here are presented the definitions of a capable manager, then, the studies of the Armenian, Russian and Western authors with detailed descriptions of the managers’ required capabilities. The availability of a number of capabilities and skills is the key to allowing a person to engage in a manager's professional occupation, and some skills are required to define the professional activity as effective. Data of professiogrames from a variety of scientists has been highlighted and compared to the requirements set out in the legislative framework of the RA. In the context of geopolitical processes, especially after the global epidemic, which is also accompanied by unprecedented technological advances, and even some scientists are soon predicting a "technological revolution," the world has changed into a new situation, under which a manager is expected to have flexibility in mind and practice, quick response skills, high development of communication capabilities, emotional high intelligence, ability to navigate properly and a number of other important qualities.

Are we teaching the health impacts of climate change in a clinically relevant way? A systematic narrative review of biomechanism-focused climate change learning outcomes in medical curricula

Purpose Introducing biomedical approaches to the health impacts of climate change can improve medical student engagement with relevant climate-related issues, improve the development of medical schemas, and minimise displacement into crowded medical curricula. This paper aims to systematically review the medical education curricula related to climate change, with a particular focus on systems-based biomechanisms for the health impacts of climate change. We do this to provide a clear agenda for further development of learning outcomes (LOs) in this area to maximize the clinical applicability of this knowledge. Material and Methods A systematic review was undertaken following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; Liberati et al. 2009) guidelines for both the published and grey literature. Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC, Open Access Thesis and Dissertation, and Proquest Global Dissertation and Theses) were searched for works published between 2011 and June 2023. Full texts that contained LOs were the main inclusion criteria for the final review. Descriptive and content extraction guided the final narrative synthesis. Results Analysis indicated that biomechanism-related LOs represented about 25% of each published LO set, on average. These outcomes were primarily at the “understand” level of Bloom’s taxonomy and were spread across a range of body systems and climate-change aspects. Infectious diseases and extreme heat were strong focuses. Authorship analysis indicated that the majority of these sets of published LOs are from Western contexts and authored by researchers and educators with medical and population health qualifications. Conclusions Biomechanism-focused teaching about the health impacts of climate change is relatively rare in published curricula. Of the available sets of LOs, the majority are sourced from Western authors and are focused on a fairly circumscribed set of biomedical topics. There is scope to both broaden and deepen curriculum in this area, and we would recommend the field prioritise collaboration with medical educators from the Global South, where the effects of climate change are already the most acutely felt.

Military and Political Agitation of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against Ivan Terrible (Materials of Various Literary Monuments of Livonian War Era)

The Livonian War led to an increase in the number of anti-Moscow works in Europe. Western authors closely followed Russia’s successes and failures in the struggle for the redistribution of the Baltic states. The main target of criticism in propaganda texts was Ivan the Terrible, who was portrayed as an enemy of Europe, equal in power to the Turkish sultan. This article analyzes the features of the anti-Russian information campaign based on various genres of texts published in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The study of the statistical aspect of the circulation of pamphlets showed that during the later stages of the war, Polish-Lithuanian typographers significantly influenced the formation of the news field in Europe. The examined works of minor literary forms demonstrated that the description of the confrontation between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia was presented in the context of a defensive war. Due to the noticeable increase in the number of propaganda texts during the reign of Stefan Batory, it was concluded that the Polish king played a primary role in the information campaign to discredit Russia. Batory understood the power of printed propaganda and invested numerous resources in tarnishing the image of the Russian ruler. As a result, by the end of the war, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth managed to have a significant influence on the emerging negative image of Russia and its ruler in Europe.

PROSPECT OF ASIAN AMERICAN BOOK TO MOVIE ADAPTATIONS IN THE HOLLYWOOD ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY

This paper explores the prospects of Asian American book-to-movie adaptations in the Hollywood industry. There have been a large number of book-to-movie adaptations in the history of the American film industry, such as Great Expectation (1946), The Silence of the Lamb (1991), and The Great Gatsby (2013) to mention just a few. Some have also been reported to gain fame and economic success in the global film market. The mentioned book-to-movie adaptations were based on Western authors. Meanwhile, history has witnessed the emergence of Asian American writers such as: Bharati Mukherjee, Amy Tan, Khaled Hosseini, Anchee Min, among others who have played an essential role in the field of American literature. This paper uses a qualitative method by analyzing data from selected Book-to movie adaptations. It is evident that some of them received prestigious awards. Tan’s book-to-movie adaptation The Joy Luck Club (1993), Hosseini’s book-to-movie adaptation The Kite Runner (2007) and Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians (2018) have entered Hollywood to participate in the extremely competitive film market. The study results show that Asian American writers have emerged recently. Second, Asian American book-to-movie adaptations offer unique narratives to American audiences, although only a handful of Asian American book-to-movie adaptations have been produced. In conclusion, despite the promising growth of Asian American literature, readers can realize that Asian American book-to-movie adaptations have to struggle to be able to tap into the Hollywood industry.

Publishing Trends in Political Science: How Publishing Houses, Geographical Positions, and International Collaboration Shapes Academic Knowledge Production

Even though political science is one of the most extensive research fields within the social sciences, there is little scholarly knowledge about its publishing trends and the internationalization of the discipline. This paper analyzes international publishing by taking a close look at publishers, Scopus-indexed journals, articles, and author collaboration networks. The results show that the number of political science journals almost tripled between 2000 and 2022. Our descriptive analysis also reveals that only a few Western commercial international publishers, and Taylor & Francis in particular, dominate the publication of political science journals, and Western authors account for the majority of both academic papers and citations. Additionally, our research explores that the most prolific country in terms of publication within political science is still the United States, but the BRICS countries, especially India, Russia, and China, have achieved remarkable growth in their publication outputs. Finally, our network analysis suggests that the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia occupy central positions in international collaborations among political scientists, but Asian, Eastern European and Latin-American regional networks have been developing in the last decade.

A Study on the Sources of Chief Physician Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi's Risãla 'Illat Mathãna: Did Kãtib-zãde Actually Use the Works of European Authors as Sources?

The aim of this study was to identify the Eastern and Western authors and physicians quoted by Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi (died 1769), the chief physician of the Ottoman Empire, in his work Risãla 'illat mathãna. The study also aimed to determine whether Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi benefited from the views of the physicians that he mentioned in his treatise and, if so, from which works he benefited. In this study, a copy of Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi's Risãla 'i rãbi' fî al-mathãna, with the registration number T 3796/4 in the Turkish manuscripts section of the Istanbul University Rare Books Library, was examined. Eastern and Western physicians mentioned by Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi in this work were first identified; then, a literature search was conducted regarding these authors and their works. In his Risãla 'illat mathãna, Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi mentions the names of eminent Eastern physicians and quotes from their works. For example, he mentions Ibn Sînã (980-1037) and his work al-Qãnūn fî al-Ṭibb, Najîb al-dîn al-Samarqandî (died 1222) and his work al-Asbãb wa l-'alãmãt, and Ibn Mãsawayḩ (died 857). He also mentions the names of Western physicians and their works. For example, he mentions Lazarus Riverius (1589-1655), Ioannes Fernelius (1497-1558), Petrus Forestus (1521-1597), and Amatus Lusitanus (1511-1568). Regarding sources, Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi refers to The Canon of Medicine and a commentary on al-Asbãb wa l-'alamãt written by al-Kirmãnî in his work. His main Western source was Lazarus Riverius's Praxis Medica. More specifically, he draws on the section of Praxis Medica titled "Dysuria seu ardoris urine curatio." Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' also refers to other Western physicians, including Ioannes Fernelius, Petrus Forestus, and Amatus Lusitanus. These physicians are actually the physicians mentioned and quoted in the section of Lazarus Riverius' work mentioned above.

Regenerative economy as a component of the new economic system

The article reveals the various approaches of Western authors to the regenerative economy in its connection with the goals of sustainable development and the reboot of capitalism. The two-tier regenerative economy model, which includes the circular economy and the green economy, heavily emphasizes its environmental component. The authors of the article propose to use the model of a three-tier regenerative economy, supplementing it with an economy of sharing consumption and use. The regenerative economy is seen as a multi-ecosystem, including the ecosystems of the circular, green and sharing economies. The article gives interpretations of sustainable development based on traditional approaches and regenerative sustainable development.