West Shewa Zone Research Articles

History of Ambo Ambaa Lafaa of Western Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State: The Heartland of Hero and Heroism

History is indispensable to understanding ourselves and the world around us. This study attempts to construct the history of Ambo Ambaa lafaa of western shewa zone of Oromia regional state. Its foundation, gradual change, economic activity, politico-administration and religion in different leaders. Further the study recognizes the problem which affects the development of Ambo town. In this study, the researcher utilized primary, secondary and pamphlet sources as well as oral information through interview in order to gather the data. The collected data was organized and analyzed using qualitative research methods. The study is based on historical and Ethnographic approach. The historical foundation of Ambo was not directly concern for the cause of military garrisons like many other Ethiopia Towns, its growth and internal character came to be closely connected with the mineral water, God Bridge and commercial activities. Ambo is town found in west shewa zone of oromia regional state. Ambo was known by pride of their nation in different era of various ruler of Ethiopia. They struggles for their right and know their responsibility simultaneously. Ambo known by patriots, hero and brave those who stand for the freedom of country in any controversy and pleasure time. The society of town needs peace, stability, truth, justice, equality, brotherly hood and fraternity with diverse nation and nationalities in the empire, because Oromo are founders of gada system that did for equality of human beings. Ambo town was established in late of 19<sup>th</sup> century. At the beginning the spatial size of Ambo town is small, it is around 1320 hectares and became expand to 8578 hectares after it makes gradual expansion to the neighboring farm land. As the result Ambo is very comfortable for different investment activities because of comfortable climate condition and stability (safety) in area, there is also different attraction site including Wanchi lake, Dandi Lake (it had number eight shape/symbol), Guder fall, obse fall, old palace of emperor Haile sillase and other different natural, cultural and ritual sites

Magnitude of Transfusion Transmissible Infections and Associated Factors Among Blood Donors at the Woliso Blood Bank, Oromia, Ethiopia: Across-Sectional Study

<i>Background: </i>Blood transfusion is an effective treatment for saving millions of lives, even though transfusion-transmissible infections are the major problem. The prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections varies between different geographical populations. This study aims to assess the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections and associated factors among blood donors at Woliso Blood Bank, South West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. <i>Method: </i>An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. The data was entered in Epi Data version 3.1, and exported to STATA version 17.0 for data cleaning and analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with outcome variables. Odd ratios along with the 95% confidence interval were used to present the finding and statistical significance was reported with a p-value of 0.05. <i>Results: </i>The overall prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was 9.5% (95% CI 6.3-12.9%). Participants without formal education [AOR=4.84; 95% CI= 1.09, 21.46], unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple partners [AOR=4.77; 95% CI= 1.38, 16.44], and participants with a lower frequency of blood donation [AOR=2.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 6.99] were significantly associated with transfusion transmissible infections. <i>Conclusions: </i>The prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was high in this study area. Educational level, unprotected sexual intercourse with more partners, and a number of blood donations were found to be independent predictors of transfusion-transmitted infections. Blood banks and regional health offices should work to mobilize the community and improve health promotion through prevention and control considering the associated factors identified.

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in West Shewa community, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Plants have formed the basis of traditional medicine (TM) systems, which have been used for thousands of years. According to reports, one-quarter of the commonly used medicines contain compounds isolated from plants. This study aims to identify and document the plants for ethno-pharmacological use by the indigenous communities of West Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to November 2021 in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical data was collected from Ejere District, Ada Berga District, Dandi District, Ambo District, Ambo Town, Toke Kutaye District, and Bako Tibe District. A descriptive statistical method (percentage and/or frequency) was employed to summarize ethnobotanical data. Moreover, the informant consensus factor was computed. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software (Microsoft Corporation, 2016) and SPSS (version 25) were used to organize and analyze the data. Result: In the study area, a total of 51 families of medicinal plants with 108 Species were identified. Fabaceae 8 species, Asteraceae, Solanaceae and Lamiaceae each with 6 species and Cucurubitacieae 5 species were the frequently reported medicinal plants. The leaf (57.2%) was the most widely used medicinal plant parts, and oral administration (56.5%) was the most cited route of administration. In the present study, most of the medicinal plants were used fresh, which was (75%) and the most common disease the healers treated was gastrointestinal disease, followed by skin disease and febrile illness. The major threat to medicinal plants in the study area was agricultural expansion, which was reported by 30.6% of the respondents. The study area was rich in medicinal plants, Fabaceae which commonly used family. Conclusion: Most of the medication prepared by the traditional healers was taken orally and derived from the leaf part of the medicinal plant. Since this research is a preliminary study which will be used as a base for further study. The efficacy and safety of the medicinal plant claim should be studied in the future.

Husbandry Practices of Indigenous Goats Types in South West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

This study was conducted in South west Shewa zone, to identify Husbandry practices in Tole and Becho districts. Data were collected through questionnaire and, focal group discussion. A total of 180 households were selected for interview. Data collected via questionnaire were summarized with descriptive statistics and analyzed using SPSS, V.21. Chi–square test was employed for categorical data. Indices were calculated to provide ranking. Castration was primarily practiced to improve the fattening potential and acquire better price by selling fattened goats. Most of castration carried out at the age of >6months. Majority of respondents use shelter constructed in the main house and the remaining respondents use separate house. The primary feed resource during dry season was natural pasture followed by Shrubs and during wet season the primary feed resource was Shrubs and bushes followed by natural pasture. Majority of the respondents herd their goats separated from kids adult mainly to protect kids from attack by predators and to protect the does from losing their weight. The primary source of water during dry season River followed by spring and the primary source of water during wet season was Rain water followed by river. The primary disease affects goats were Orf followed by Foot root. The primary cause of death for goats was disease followed by accident. Generally, goats play a significant role for farmers as source of income generation and home consumption throughout the year. The primary feed resource during dry season was natural pasture followed by Shrubs, to increase production productive the goats in the study its better if focused on improving feed source and concentrated feed.

Prevalence, Identification and Associated Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Horse and Donkey in Selected Districts of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Prevalence, Identification and Associated Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Horse and Donkey in Selected Districts of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Understanding perceptions and practices of mothers toward infant and young child feeding in Toke Kutaye districts : Community-based qualitative study

BackgroundComplementary feeding is a process starting at 6 months of age when breastfeeding alone cannot provide the nutrients infants require. Foods and liquids are started along with breastfeeding up to 24 months, while complementary foods are available either from a garden or local market appropriate to complement breast milk at 6 months to satisfy the nutritional needs of the infant. Infancy is from birth to 12 months of age, and the term young child is used when referring to infants and children from 12 months to 2 years of age. Infants and young children require a sufficient diet that includes all nutrients that support overall growth and development. Appropriate feeding practices are crucial during infancy and early childhood. In addition to breastfeeding, complementary feeding should be started on time, administered safely and appropriately, and in sufficient amounts with regularity, consistency, and a variety of foods to meet nutritional needs. ObjectivesThis work was designed to understand the perceptions and practices of infant and young child feeding among mothers with children under 2 years in the West Shewa Zone Toke Kutaye districts. MethodsThe study was conducted from December 05 to December 30, 2023. Twenty-seven mothers with children under 2 years old participated. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study that employed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to gather perceptions, opinions, practices, beliefs, and experiences about infant and young child feeding. Before coding, texts were double-checked against audio files to ensure accuracy and consistency. Afan Oromo conducted verbatim transcriptions of the focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, transcribed into Microsoft Word 2010. ResultsThe study revealed that most infants were not initiated early into breastfeeding and were not exclusively breastfed because most mothers gave cow milk, especially after 2 months, when mothers returned to working on other activities. Most mothers begin complementary feeding at the age of 4 months. ConclusionsThe responses of mothers from all age strata regarding factors that hinder appropriate infant and young child feeding show a lack of awareness about initiating early breastfeeding. Extreme work overload prevented the feeding of breast milk and preparation of a complementary diet as per protocol, low utilization of family planning, and a perceived shortage of food items to prepare a balanced diet for complementary feeding were factors that hindered appropriate infant and young child feeding. Concerned stakeholders should work to alleviate the extreme workload among mothers with children under 2 years old and reduce their lack of awareness by designing appropriate infant and young child feeding education; cooking demonstrations are strongly recommended.

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Honey Bee Collected Pollen in the Main Flowering Season, in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia

Abstract This study aimed to assess the effect of botanical and geographical differences on the protein, minerals, total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of bee pollen collected from five districts in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Pollens of Guizotia sp., Brassica sp., Trifolium sp., Eucalyptus sp., Plantago lanceolata and Vicia faba were color-sorted from multifloral pollens and subjected to chemical analysis. The results revealed the mean content of moisture 10.6% of fresh weight (FW), protein 19.4% of dry weight (DW) and ash 2.4% (DW); the most dominant minerals, K (9765.6), Ca (963.4), Mg (960.5), Fe (142.8) and P (126.5) in mg/kg DW. The average of the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (DPPH radical) were 40.3 GAE mg/g FW and 13.7 AAE mg/g FW (gallic and ascorbic acid equivalent, respectively). V. faba pollen had the highest protein, ash, P and Cu content. Four pollen taxa had the highest Ca values, while multifloral pollens contained the highest Fe content. The samples from Ejere had the highest ash, Ca, Na and Cu content. The results showed a high content of the tested chemicals and a strong antioxidant capacity of bee pollen, varying with botanical and geographical origins. These findings would also serve as inputs for further assessment of the nutritional values of pollen for honey bee colonies and potential human consumption. However, comprehensive chemical investigations of larger number of samples representing diversified flora and locations are crucial to developing a broad regional information base on the nutritional profile of bee pollen.

Impact of disrespectful maternity care on childbirth complications: a multicentre cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, disrespectful, and abusive childbirth practices negatively impact women’s health, create barriers to accessing health facilities, and contribute to poor birth experiences and adverse outcomes for both mothers and newborns. However, the degree to which disrespectful maternity care is associated with complications during childbirth is poorly understood, particularly in Ethiopia.AimTo determine the extent to which disrespectful maternity care is associated with maternal and neonatal-related complications in central Ethiopia.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in the West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula. Participants (n = 440) were selected with a simple random sampling technique using computer-generated random numbers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a pretested questionnaire and were entered into Epidata and subsequently exported to STATA version 17 for the final analysis. Analyses included descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.05. Co-founders were controlled by adjusting for maternal sociodemographic characteristics. The primary exposure was disrespectful maternity care; the main outcomes were maternal and neonatal-related complications.ResultsDisrespectful maternity care was reported by 344 women (78.2%) [95% CI: 74–82]. Complications were recorded in one-third of mothers (33.4%) and neonates (30%). Disrespectful maternity care was significantly associated with maternal (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.8) and neonatal-related complications (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.04).ConclusionThe World Health Organization advocates respectful maternal care during facility-based childbirth to improve the quality of care and outcomes. However, the findings of this study indicated high mistreatment and abuse during childbirth in central Ethiopia and a significant association between such mistreatment and the occurrence of both maternal and neonatal complications during childbirth. Therefore, healthcare professionals ought to prioritise respectful maternity care to achieve improved birth outcomes and alleviate mistreatment and abuse within the healthcare sector.

Community-based breeding programs can realize sustainable genetic gain and economic benefits in tropical dairy cattle systems.

Implementing an appropriate breeding program is crucial to control fluctuation in performance, enhance adaptation, and further improve the crossbred population of dairy cattle. Five alternative breeding programs (BPs) were modeled considering available breeding units in the study area, the existing crossbreeding practices, and the future prospects of dairy research and development in Ethiopia. The study targeted 143,576 crossbred cows of 54,822 smallholder households in the Arsi, West Shewa, and North Shewa zones of the Oromia Region, as well as the North Shewa zone of the Amhara Region. The alternative BPs include conventional on-station progeny testing (SPT), conventional on-farm progeny testing (FPT), conventional on-station and on-farm progeny testing (SFPT), genomic selection (GS), and genomic progeny testing (GPT). Input parameters for modeling the BPs were taken from the analysis of long-term data obtained from the Holetta Agricultural Research Center and a survey conducted in the study area. ZPLAN+ software was used to predict estimates of genetic gain (GG) and discounted profit for goal traits. The predicted genetic gains (GGs) for milk yield (MY) per year were 34.52 kg, 49.63 kg, 29.35 kg, 76.16 kg, and 77.51kg for SPT, FPT, SFPT, GS, and GPT, respectively. The GGs of the other goal traits range from 0.69 to 1.19 days per year for age at first calving, from 1.20 to 2.35 days per year for calving interval, and from 0.06 to 0.12 days per year for herd life. Compared to conventional BPs, genomic systems (GPT and GS) enhanced the GG of MY by 53%-164%, reduced generation interval by up to 21%, and improved the accuracy of test bull selection from 0.33 to 0.43. The discounted profit of the BPs varied from 249.58 Ethiopian Birr (ETB, 1 USD = 39.55696 ETB) per year in SPT to 689.79 ETB per year in GS. Genomic selection outperforms SPT, SFPT, and FPT by 266, 227%, and 138% of discounted profit, respectively. Community-based crossbreeding accompanied by GS and gradual support with progeny testing (GPT) is recommended as the main way forward to attain better genetic progress in dairy farms in Ethiopia and similar scenarios in other tropical countries.

Incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates admitted with birth asphyxia to neonatal intensive care unit of West Shewa Zone Public Hospitals, Central Ethiopia

BackgroundBirth asphyxia is still one of the primary causes of newborn mortality worldwide. Similarly, the risk of newborn asphyxia in Ethiopia remains unacceptably high. Thus, studies on the incidence and...

Wheat crop producers’ technical efficiency and its determinants in Oromia region of Ethiopia: evidence from West Shewa zone

Wheat crop producers’ technical efficiency and its determinants in Oromia region of Ethiopia: evidence from West Shewa zone

Evaluation of Different Agricultural Limes for Bread Wheat and Fababean Production in Acid Soil of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

The application of lime is believed to enhance soil health status through improving soil pH, base saturation and reduces Al and Mn toxicities. Liming effects depend on the source, composition, purity and fineness of the lime. The performance of three liming materials and one control treatment was evaluated in a field trial, further evaluation and validation was done at three districts on different farmers’ sites during 2023 main cropping season. The liming materials included calcitic lime, hydrated lime, and quick lime. The treatments laid out in randomized complete block design. The results of the study showed that all tested lime materials (calcitic lime, hydrated lime, and quick lime) improved yield and agronomic performance of wheat, barley and fababean in comparably. This implies that hydrated limes can serve as an alternative agricultural lime to ameliorate soil acidity. Hence, these liming materials can be used as agricultural lime material and the result is confirmed through validation across locations on different testing crops (wheat, barley and Faba bean). So, it is recommended that liming materials which can be easily accessed for the farmers is recommended because of there is no significant difference among liming material tested.

Evaluation and Validation of Simple and Quick Methods of Lime Rate Determination under Acid Soil-Affected Areas of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Liming acid soils is one of the available intervention options to amend soil acidity and increase crop production and productivity. The selection of a lime requirement determination easy and cheap method that is suitable to the soil conditions in a particular area is a pressing issue. Three lime requirement (LR) estimation methods i.e. (Exchangeable acidity, laboratory pH, and portable pH/Artikilee 3000) methods with one control treatment were tested in acid soils of the dhumuga learning watershed. A field study was conducted to verify the lime requirement (LR) by using portable pH methods and investigate the wheat response to lime. The treatments were laid out in an RCBD design with two farmers’ replications. The result showed that there a was significant (p<0.05) yield response to the liming. The highest grain yield of 5512.3kg ha 1 was obtained from lime treated with the pH method statistically at par with Exchangeable acidity and article 3000 methods. LR rates estimated by the Exchangeable acidity method were lower than those estimated by laboratory pH and portable pH/ Artikilee 3000. However, both methods (laboratory pH and portable pH/ Artikilee 3000) overestimated the lime requirements of the study soil. The exchangeable acidity method was lower than the LR estimated with the article 3000 method by an average of 38 %, which indicates article 3000 methods overestimated the LR for the present study area, while exchangeable acidity methods were found to be reliable estimation LR. Lime rates determined with the three lime testing methods (pH method, Portable pH or Artikilee 3000 and exchangeable acidity) gave yield advantages of 31.94, 24.93 and 20.45%, respectively over the non-limed treatment. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the exchangeable acidity method gives a more reliable estimation of the lime requirements of acid soils of the study area.

Promotion of Advanced Teff Technologies Using Large-Scale Demonstration Approach in Potential Areas of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Promotion of Advanced Teff Technologies Using Large-Scale Demonstration Approach in Potential Areas of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women with access to public healthcare in west Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia: sequential mixed-method study

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of herbal drug use among pregnant women with access to modern medicine and associated factors in public health facilities in the west...

Response of Food Barley and Bread Wheat to the Application of Lime, in Organic and Organic Fertilizer on Acidic Nitisols of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Acidic soils limit the production potential of crops because of low availability of basic cations and excess of hydrogen (H+) and aluminium (Al3+) in exchangeable forms. Lime and Organic amendments can contribute to correct soil acidity and soil degradation. The combined application of lime and VC onwheat has not been investigated in the area, in which wheat and barley was one of the potential cereal crops in the area. A field experiment was conducted on acidic nitisols of west shewa zone of two districts (Jibat and Ilfata) in two locations at 2020 cropping season to evaluate the role of integrated soil acidity management, including applications of lime and Vermicompost on food barley and wheat growth and grain yield integrated with the use of inorganic fertilizer alone. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Growth, yield and yield components result showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on plant height, spike length, number of seed per plant, above ground biomass of wheat and barley. Most of treatment receive amendments were statistically equal, however the combined application of lime at 50% + 50% VC and 50% RSSF ha-1 gave the highest growth and other yield and yield components parameters equally with full dose application whereas the lowest was from control plots for both test crops. Generally, integrated use of properly managed lime, organic (VC) and inorganic/mineral fertilizer could be used for soil acidity management and crop production in acid soil of the study area.

Cluster Based Pre Scaling Up of Improved Malt Barley Technologies: Evidence from West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Malt barley is a high-opportunity cash crop, with great room for profitable expansion, particularly when connected to growing breweries. With the intention of popularizing advanced malt barley varieties (IBON174/03 and HB-1963) on a large-scale demonstration farming approach, this activity was carried out in West Shewa Zone potential areas to increase production and productivity of malt barley technologies during 2020-2022 production seasons. West Shewa Zone was purposively selected based on agro-ecological zone as the target population for this cluster farming. From the Zone potential areas, three districts were randomly selected including Ambo, Toke kutaye and Elfeta Districts. From each district, 9 kebeles and 144 host farmers participated in this cluster based on their interest and availability of adjacent farm plots. Thus, 9 clusters were formed, and 60 ha of land was covered on improved malt barley technologies. Training was given for stakeholders for 144 farmers, 44 DAs, and 16 agricultural experts who worked in selected districts on barley production and management packages. The study found that the average yield from the IBON174/03 variety was 30qt ha-1, 29qt ha-1, and 28qtha-1 at Toke kutaye, Elfeta and Ambo districts, with an overall mean grain yield of 29qtha-1. The HB-1963 variety yielded 26 qt ha-1, 24 qt ha-1 at Toke kutaye, Elfeta and Ambo districts respectively for an overall grain yield of 25 qt ha-1. Therefore, from the researchers and farmers evaluation both demonstrated malt barley varieties were recommended for the study areas and similar agro-ecologies for further demonstration and dissemination.

Trends in fatalities from road traffic injuries and associated factors of patients admitted to the emergency department of St. Luke Hospital, South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

IntroductionRoad traffic injuries are a major global public health problem. They are fatal or non-fatal injuries resulting from a road traffic accident involving at least one moving vehicle on a path or road open to public traffic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends in fatalities from road traffic injuries and the associated factors of patients admitted to the emergency department of St. Luke Hospital.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 10 to 30, 2019. The study on the trends in road traffic injuries was conducted monthly bases from January 1 to December 31, 2018. A total of 364 road traffic–injured victim records were included. A simple random sampling technique was used for the record selection. A structured data abstraction format was used to gather the required data. Binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) at 95% confidence intervals were used to report independent variables.Results and conclusionsThe average annual fatalities from road traffic injuries was 8.34% deaths/month. The magnitude of road traffic injury fatalities was 8.79%. Of all victims who visited the hospital, 75.5% were male. The median age of the victims was 26 (51.6%), with a range from 6 to 70. The identified risk factors for road traffic injury fatalities were a lack of ambulance for transportation to the hospital after the accident (AOR = 7.093, 95% CI [1.950, 25.793], p = 0.003) and head injury (AOR = 2.515, 95% CI [1.075, 5.885], p = 0.034). Road traffic injury fatalities are an important public health problem that needs special attention. A shortage of ambulance service for transportation and injury sites related to head injury were associated factors. So it is important to establish and strengthen advanced prehospital care and an effective ambulance system for transporting victims with road traffic injuries.

Prevalence of visual impairment and associated factors among welders in West Shewa Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment is one of the major causes of public health problems and is highly devastating in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Visual impairment is associated with a limitation of eye function and the visual system due to various factors that cause poor vision in either one or both eyes. This problem compromise life and, particularly, vision-related quality of life. The prevalence and contributing factors of visual impairment among welders have not been well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this aimed to assess the prevalence of visual impairment and associated factors among welders in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 634 welders at five woredas towns in the West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from September 20 to November 20/2022. A cluster sampling method was used to involve study participants. Interviewer-based structured questionnaires and a Snellen chart were used to collect data from eligible subjects. EPI DATA version 3.1 used to enter the data, which then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with visual impairment. The data were presented as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95%, CI and the variable associated at P-value<=0.05 was considered asstatistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, 634 welders have participated. The mean age of study participants was 29.13+8.06SD. Among the study subjects, 29.34% (95% CI: 26.6-32.3%) of respondents had visual impairment. Factors include training on eye personal protective equipment use (AOR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.21-2.60), working hours per day (2.78, 95% CI: 1.91-4.06), and not using eye personal protective equipment (AOR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.12-2.99) were significantly associated with visual impairment. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, the visual impairment among welders was 29.34%. Factors including the absence of training on eye personal protective equipment used, prolonged working hours per day, and not using eye personal protective equipment were identified as risk factors for visual impairment.

Prevalence and determinants of diarrhea morbidity among under five children of west Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BackgroundDiarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea morbidity among under-five children in the west Shewa zone. MethodsThe community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among 1004 study participants with under five children. The relation of covariates and diarrheal disease was checked using logistic regression at 95 %CI, where variables with p < 0.05 were statistically significant. ResultsThe finding revealed that the two-week prevalence of diarrhea in the west Shewa zone was 18.7 %. Children living in Ambo [AOR = 0.492, 95 %CI (0.255, 0.948)], Dendi [AOR = 0.413, 95 %CI (0.222, 0.769)], Toke kutaye [AOR = 0.462, 95 %CI (0.240, 0.889)], Bako Tibe [AOR = 0.522, 95 %CI (0.275, 0.993)] were less likely affected by diarrhea. Feeding by cup and spoon [AOR = 0.656, 95 %CI (0.433, 0.995)] and feeding by bottle [AOR = 0.577, 95 %CI (0.362, 0.922)] were less likely affected by diarrhea. Using untreated water [AOR = 1.795, 95 %CI (1.184, 2.721)], complementary feeding before six months [AOR = 1.798, 95 %CI (1.261, 2.565)], improper waste disposal [AOR = 2.041, 95 %CI (1.394, 2.989)], unvaccinated for rotavirus [AOR = 1.990, 95 %CI (1.162, 3.410)] were more likely develop diarrhea. ConclusionOur study identified that one in five under-five children was affected by diarrheal morbidity. It was determined by the woreda of respondents, drinking water, child feeding method, complementary feeding initiation time, waste disposal, and rotavirus vaccination. All concerned bodies should intervene based on the cause of the disease.