West Hararghe Zone Research Articles

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Oda-Bultum district, west Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Oda-Bultum district, west Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia

Determining food intake, the requirement, and weighing the relative risk between food secure and insecure households in rural areas of Ethiopia: The case of West Hararghe zone

The severity of food insecurity in Ethiopia is among the worst globally, with record-breaking food assistance needs by various factors. This study tries to uncover various aspects of food security related to food availability, food access, food utilization and food stability dimensions of food security. The study was executed in the west Hararghe zone of the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Its main objective was to determine the food security status of households, with specific objectives aiming at computing individual daily kilo calorie intake, determining the average food requirement, comparing the relative risk between food secure and insecure households and identifying factors that affect household food security status. A multi-stage sampling procedure, involving the purposive selection of; the Zone and Woreda, and a simple random selection of households, to draw the required number of representative sample respondents, was adopted. Hence, from 4163 total households, 134 were selected for collecting primary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, relative risk analysis using Cohorts and independent tests using ANOVA. Food security status was measured using the Household Food Balance Model (HFBM). Using this model, the study obtained 1973 kilo calories per individual per day intake and 2108 kilo calorie as their requirement, which indicated households were energy deficient by 135 kilo calorie with 2-sided-value < 0.1 critical level (t= -1.747, df =133 & sig2-sided. 0.083). Independent test results showed that farm income (at p-value < 0.1), gross product (at p-value < 0.05), age of household head (at p-value < 0.1), years of owning land (at p < 0.1) and family size (at p-value < 0.1) contributed significantly to food security status. Cross-tabulation showed a linear relationship between food security and higher education level (at p-value < 0.05), which urges a concern in improving farming societies’ literacy to the desired level. In the study areas, about 91.8% of the population produces crops depending on the seasonal rainfall and their daily kilo calorie consumed depends on it; this is statistically correlated with the food insecurity problem at p-value < 0.1 critical level (lambada = 1.75 & sig. = 0.08). Therefore, to tackle the food insecurity problem, alternative method of crop production should be devised such as the establishment of irrigation schemes, water harvesting structures, and water conservation practices, among others. Key words: food security, calorie requirement, food availability, relative risk

Enhancing highland ecosystems in East Hararge, Ethiopia: evaluating intervention strategies for species diversity, soil organic carbon stock, and carbon sequestration

Forest loss and soil degradation pose significant challenges globally, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. Various intervention strategies have been implemented to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems. However, research gaps exist in understanding the most effective approaches, particularly in highland ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different intervention strategies on species diversity and carbon stock in the West Hararghe zone, specifically at the Doba district Hades site. The data was collected from 5 February 2022 to 10 December 2022. The study area was characterized by systematic plots and transects to assess vegetation diversity and soil properties across four intervention categories: (physical; only soil and water conservation structures were used, enclosure; only animal and human interaction was restricted, biological; only different tree species were planted, biophysical; both soil water conservation and tree planting were used). Soil samples were collected at different depths, and biomass estimation was conducted using established formulas. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests, were performed to test the level of significance. Biophysical interventions exhibited the highest species diversity index (SDI) (4.65 ± 1.21), followed by enclosure interventions (1.68 ± 0.58), while physical interventions recorded the lowest SDI (0.63 ± 0.18). Enclosure interventions led to the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at 40.13 t C ha−1, followed by biophysical interventions at 39.26 t C ha−1. Physical interventions resulted in the lowest SOC stocks at 23.9 t C ha−1, underscoring their potential for carbon sequestration. Biophysical interventions, which include both above-ground and below-ground biomass, showed significant carbon stock accumulation, totaling 173.8 t C ha−1 (39.26 t C ha−1 from SOC and 114.6 t C ha−1 from biomass), highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing ecosystem resilience. Other studies support these findings, underscoring the importance of context-specific approaches and long-term monitoring for sustainable land management. Enclosure and biophysical interventions emerge as promising strategies for enhancing species diversity and soil health, as well as promoting carbon sequestration in highland ecosystems. These findings emphasize the need for informed decision-making and community involvement in ecosystem restoration efforts to achieve meaningful and lasting impacts.

Overall performance assessment of selected small-scale irrigation schemes using internal and external performance indicators in West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

This study was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of selected small-scale irrigation schemes using internal and external performance indicators. The performance of the irrigation schemes in relation to water balance was evaluated using three indicators. The results indicated that the relative water supply (RWS), relative irrigation supply (RIS), and field application ratio (FAR) of Midagdu irrigation scheme were 0.9, 1.3, and 0.75 respectively. This indicates that the water supply is not closely related to the water demand. However, for the Wadeti Irrigation scheme, the RWS, RIS, and FAR are 0.48, 0.35, and 2.83, respectively, indicating water stress. The Midagdu irrigation scheme shows 7496.75 birr/ha for both output per unit command area and output per unit cropped area. Output per unit irrigation water supply was 12.5 birr/m3, while output per unit water consumed was 4.4 birr/m3. For the Wadeti irrigation scheme, the values were 11,276.12 birr/ha, 11,276.12 birr/ha, 8.7 birr/m3, and 1.6 birr/m3, respectively. This study results showed that the Wadeti irrigation scheme is more land-efficient, while the Midagdu scheme is more water-efficient. The values of the hydraulic performance indicators Conveyance Efficiency (Ec), Water delivery capacity (WDC), and Delivery Performance Ratio (DPR), for the Midagdu irrigation scheme were 75 %, 0.45, and 0.8, respectively, while for the Wadeti irrigation scheme, the values were 42 %, 0.11, and 0.4, respectively. These results indicate that the water delivery performance of the two schemes was poor. Therefore, improving the hydraulic performance of the scheme requires minimizing water conveyance losses.

Factors Affecting the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises: The Case of Daro Lebu and Hawi Gudina Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises operating in Daro Lebu and Hawi Gudina districts of west hararghe zone, oromia region, Ethiopia. The study adopted both Quantitative and Qualitative research designed with arrangement of primary data collection via a cross-sectional survey. Survey Data collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 197 MSEs selected using stratified sample techniques. The result of regression analysis revealed that access to credit, government support, Education, gender and enterprises’ age were positively significant effects on MSEs' growth. But, Initial capital and infrastructure were negatively associated with capital growth rate of MSEs. However, Recordkeeping, access to technology, access to market and labor found to be insignificant variable in determining enterprises’ growth. More evidence desired on factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises before any generalization of the results can be prepared. In addition, the empirical tests conducted only on 197 sampled enterprises employee in Daro Lebu and Hawi Gudina Districts since 2024. Therefore, the results cannot be taken as uniform to generalize for MSEs in the country. The study might help the entrepreneurs, donated to the body of knowledge on the factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises to take some corrective action for both planners and policy implementation in government organizations toward developing their performance and in turn contribute to employment creation, poverty alleviation, and economic development. This paper adds to the literature on factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises. In particular, it tests the influence of access to credit, government support, Education, gender, enterprises’ age, Initial capital and access to infrastructure on growth of enterprises. The result forward key policy implications to take a corrective action that alleviates the existing challenges of the sector and calls for further MSEs bearing evaluation research.

Evaluation of Recently Released Finger Millet Varieties for Their Adaptability in West Haraghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Finger millet is a major grain crop in the west hararghe zone. However, due to major constraints like lack of improved varieties and drought, the productivity is by far lower than the genetic potential of a crop in the study areas. Thus, current study initiated to obtain high-yielding and stable varieties. The study was conducted in districts of Habro, Mechara, and Gamachis of the west hararghe zone, using eight improved and one standard check finger millet varieties at 2020 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid down in a randomized completely block design with three replications. Analysis of variance for grain yield across locations showed significant differences at p< 0.05. Further analysis of AMMI indicated that environments, varieties, and their interaction effects were significantly different. Even if, tested materials showed a significantly different grain yield across locations nevertheless, the GGE bi-plot analyses implied relatively high yielding and consistent across environments for varieties Bako-09, Gudetu, and Addis-01. Therefore, these varieties of finger millet were recommended for further evaluation at the farmer’s field.

Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Modern Beehive Technology in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

This study attempted to identify adoption status, factors affecting the adoption decision and intensity, and identify major constraints of beekeepers for modern beehive adoption. Agriculture is a backbone of country economy. Beekeeping is one of an agricultural subsector which is a sustainable and low-investment strategy for poverty reduction. Both qualitative and quantitative data collected from a sample of 180 beekeepers which collected from three districts of West Hararghe zone and analyzed using STATA software. Heckman two-stage model was employed for the analyses. In study area less than half of the beekeepers were adopters of modern beehive technology. Heckman two-stage model of first-stage results revealed that households’ decision to adopt modern beehive were influenced by factors such as age of household head, education level, livestock owned (tlu) and number of extension contact. Furthermore, the second-stage results indicated that intensity of modern beehive adoption of households’ was influenced by factors such as distance from FTC, access to accessory, livestock owned (tlu), access to training and number of extension contact. From policy perspective improving distribution of modern beehive with full package; encourage extension service, and focus on the deliverance of training are crucial for the adoption of beekeeping technologies and increasing honey production.

Assessment of Stingless Bee Production Potentials, Distribution, and Constraints in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was proposed to assess the stingless bee production potentials, distribution, and constraints in West Hararghe Zone Oromia Regional State Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and data were collected by using the purposive sampling method. A total of 80 respondents were interviewed and practical field investigations were conducted. According to the study results, about 59.26%, 100%, 77.78%, and 21.05% of respondents in Sire Gudo, Sire Qallo, Sire Qallo Gato, and Sire Qallo Haro Xaxe respectively get stingless bees suddenly without searching. As per the study's findings about 74.07%, 0%, 44.44% and 68.42% of respondents in Sire Gudo, Sire Qallo, Sire Qallo Gato and Sire Qallo Haro Xaxe kebeles reported that no management was given for stingless bee. According to the present findings about 51.85%, 0%, 22.22%, and 21.05% of respondents in Sire Gudo, Sire Qallo, Sire Qallo Gato and Sire Qallo Haro Xaxe kebeles reported that honey harvesting is the challenge of stingless bee production. In Gemechis district there was indigenous knowledge regarding stingless bee production, the searching method of stingless bees, honey harvesting from stingless bees, the use of stingless bees, and constraints/challenges of stingless bee production. The main challenge of stingless bee production in the study district was nest destruction during honey harvesting. In general, the overall stingless bee production in the study area was hopeful and to establish a sustainable stingless bee production, proper management and adaptation of stingless bees in artificial hive is essential. Once more, further study is required to study the production potential, of this bee in the rest part of the West Hararghe Zone.

Socio-economic and Bio-physical Characterization of Wadego Watershed, Oda-Bultum Woreda, West Hararghe zone, Ethiopia

Baseline characterization is important component of watershed development of rural development and natural resource management strategies in many countries. Hence, the study was designed to; assess and document major biophysical and socio-economic constraints and potentials of Wadego watershed. Firstly, Wadego watershed boundary was delineated and its map was developed based on the preliminary outlet identified with the help of GPS reading. The households for interview were selected randomly from the small householders in the watershed based on proportional to population size. Accordingly, data was collected from 120 sample respondents using various instruments such as: key informant interview using semi-structured checklist, focused group discussion, expert interview, unstructured questionnaire and field observation on bio-physical resources and different concerns of watershed management. Collected data was summarized using descriptive statistics. The result indicated, out of the total 120 sample respondents socio-economic status were; 87.5% of them were male while the rest 12.5% were female, 93% were married, 51% were un educated. The major crops grown in the watershed were Maize, Sorghum, Khat, Teff and others while, Barley and Field Pea were the least grown ones. The result of the survey has indicated 37% uses improved variety, while 64% uses local variety. According to respondents, the slop class of the watershed was 56, 29, and 15% flat, medium and steeply slops respectively. Moreover, soil fertility class was 25%, 54% and 21% low, medium and high respectively in the watershed. Generally, the survey result have characterized and documented bio-physical and socio-economic status as: average land owned half hectare, densely populated, different slope class in the watershed, land shortage, feed problems, presence of soil fertility and erosion problems, climatic problems etc. in the watershed. Accordingly, researchable issues on different prioritized problems concerning to; soil fertility management, soil and water conservation, Agroforestry practice, forage development and forestry practices in the watershed have given prioritization and therefore, adapted and generated technologies nearby research center i.e. Mechara Agricultural Research Center and any concerned research institutions and also development work oriented NGO’S has to intervened the watershed by research development work. Accordingly, intervention areas forwarded are: Creating awareness on climate variability and change and SWC techniques, introducing different biophysical soil and water harvesting technologies, demonstration and awareness creation, Participatory demonstration on different Agroforestry and plantation forestry practices, introducing multipurpose plant species like Bamboo variety in the watershed.

Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of In-situ Rain Water Harvesting Technology with Sorghum Production in West Hararghe Zone

The study was conducted in Daro Lebu and Hawi Gudina districts of West Hararghe zone with objective of evaluating the performance of In-situ water harvesting technologies with sorghum production under farmers’ condition. Haroresa kile and Ibsa kebeles were selected based on water deficit and potential sorghum production. 4 farmers from Haroresa kile and 3 farmers from Ibsa were participated on the experiment. 10m by 10m area was used and planted side by side on structure verses without structure. The Structure was constructed with 30cm depth, 30cm width and tied ridge at 3m interval and seed was placed on center at 15cm. Melkam Sorghum variety was planted using 75cm *25cm plant spacing. Yield, farmers’ preference and production cost were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics, simple ranking method and cost benefit analysis respectively. Training and mini-field day were organized to promote In-situ water harvesting on Sorghum production. Farmers selected Structure Technology by stay green, stay moist, drought tolerance, disease tolerance and head size. 47Qtha<sup>-1</sup> and 45.2Qtha<sup>-1</sup>grain yield were obtained from Sorghum planted with structure and without structure respectively, with 4% yield advantage over without structure. Production of Sorghum variety with structure and without structure generated an income of 169, 250 birr ha<sup>-1</sup> and 167, 050 birr ha-<sup>1</sup>, respectively. Based on farmers’ preferences and profitability of the technology, planting sorghum with tied ridge/structure/ was recommended for water deficit areas of west Hararghe zone and similar agro-ecologies to increase production and productivity of sorghum.

Identification of Farmers’ Breeding Objective and Traits Preferences of Local Chicken in Doba and Mesala Districts, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

The study was carried out to describe the husbandry and breeding practices, and identification of farmers’ preferences for breeding objective traits of local chicken ecotypes, in the Doba and Mesala districts of the West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Samples were selected purposively based on the extent of chicken production potential and the agroecology of the districts. From each district, three kebeles were selected and 200 respondents (102 from the Doba and 98 from Mesala) were randomly selected from households included in the study for the questionnaire survey. With key informants, three focus group discussions per district were also conducted, and identified parameters were analyzed and summarized by the index method. The ranking index results revealed that in both districts, the primary objective of breeding hens was egg production, followed by income from the sale of adult chickens, while the main objective of keeping a cock was to generate cash income in the Doba districts and meat production in the Mesala districts. Regarding trait preferences, farmers in Doba districts prefer brown and white-coloured hens and cocks respectively, whereas red-plumed hens and cocks were most preferred in the Mesala district. The overall number of eggs laid per clutch per hen was 14.29 ± 0.12 and the number of clutches per hen per year was 3.43 ± 0.05. As a result, the local hen’s performance in terms of yearly egg production was 49.04± 0.81 per year. More desirable traits and community-based genetic improvement programs should be developed and implemented with the inclusion of breeding objectives, trait preferences, and a production system that is focused on the market. These steps would complement the current study by conserving as well as using diverse indigenous chicken genetic resources sustainably.

Agro Morphological Trait and Yield Component Evaluation of Malt Barley (Hordeum Distichon L.) Varieties Response to the Rate of Fertilizer in Habro Woreda West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study assessed the effects of NPSB Fertilizer Rate on Yield and morphological traits of Malt barley Varieties. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three varieties and five levels of fertilizer rates. The effects of NPSB fertilizer rate and varieties were highly significant on all yield components; phenology and morphological traits. The highest number of kernels per spike (29.5), above ground biomass (12.0 tha-1), and straw yield (6.4 tha-1) were obtained from 200kg NPSB ha-1 , while highest the thousand grain weights (48.2g) were obtained from 150kg NPSB ha-1. The interaction effects of varieties and fertilizer rates were significant at p<0.05 on grain yield (5653.3) from the Traveller variety at 150 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer rates. The analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of varieties and fertilizer rates were significant at p<0.05 on Hectoliter (69.133) from the Traveller variety at 150 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer rates. Finally, from the above result, it can be concluded that using 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with Traveller variety can be recommended for malt barley production in the study area.

Evaluation of Morphometric Differences among Local Chicken Populations in Doba and Mesala Districts, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Evaluation of Morphometric Differences among Local Chicken Populations in Doba and Mesala Districts, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Diagnostic Survey of Honeybee Diseases, Pests and Predators in Selected Districts of West Hararghe Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Darolabu, Ciro and Gemechis Districts of West Hararghe Zone with the objective of determining the occurrence and prevalence of honeybee diseases, pests and predators and their effects on honeybee colonies and bee products in selected districts of West Hararghe Zone. Three districts were purposefully selected based on their relative beekeeping potentials in highland, midland and lowland agro–ecologies. Three Kebeles from each district and ten beekeepers from each Kebeles were selected for the interview. For major honey bee diseases and pest examination, a total of 68 suspected bee colonies were sampled. Out of the total respondents, 58% and 77.4% of beekeepers replied that honeybee colonies and honey yield, respectively, were decreasing from time to time. The respondents listed a lack of bee forages, disease, pest and predators as the major constraints of beekeeping in the study area in their decreasing orders. Wax moth, honey badger and hive beetles were more commonly occurring pests and predators, while nosema and amoeba were among the important diseases. The prevalence all bee diseases and pests including nosema, amoeba, varroa mite, bee lice, wax moth, and small hive beetle, was not associated with either agro-ecology or hive type. The factors contributing for their prevalence across all agro-ecologies and hive types need further study.

Health extension workers' level of job satisfaction in western Hararghe Zone, eastern Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study.

There is a concern that job dissatisfaction among health extension workers (HEWs) reduces the benefit of investment in the execution of health extension programs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the level of job satisfaction and factors affecting it among the HEWs in the West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, eastern Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 randomly selected health extension workers from 20 September 2020 to 20 October 2020. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. STATA 14.2 was used for data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were also performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The overall level of satisfaction of health extension workers was 51.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 46.97%, 56.6%]. Earning more than 5,260 ETB as salary [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.85], working more than 10 km from the district town (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.53), receiving supportive supervision (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.55), and not living with parents (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.04) were significantly associated factors with HEW job satisfaction. Nearly half of the health extension workers were dissatisfied with their jobs. Supportive supervision, compensation, distance, and parental home location were all predictors of job satisfaction. It is critical to establish intervention tactics that may satisfy and motivate HEWs to expand health coverage, strengthen health extension programs, and improve service delivery.

Molecular Detection and Isolation of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus during an Outbreak in West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes significant economic losses in cattle populations globally. This study aimed to isolate and detect the LSD virus responsible for an outbreak in selected areas (Daaroo Labuu, Hawwii Guddina, and Gumbi Bordede district) of the West Hararghe Zone in Ethiopia between January 2020 and December 2021. Out of the 625 animals examined for the presence of LSD, only 73 animals showed clinical signs, and skin scrapes were collected from these animals for further analysis. Among those, 12 animals (1.9%) succumbed to the disease. Skin biopsy samples from 45 animals displaying clinical signs of LSD were inoculated in Vero cell lines because of limited equipment. After three blind passages, all samples developed cytopathic effects (CPEs). The presence of the LSD virus was confirmed using real-time PCR. Conventional PCR detected LSDV in 47 (64.4%) of the skin scrap samples, while high-resolution melt qPCR detected it in 49 (67.1%) samples. The study revealed a morbidity rate of 11.68%, a mortality rate of 1.92%, and a case fatality rate of 16.44% based on clinical data. The findings suggest that LSD causes significant economic losses, even in vaccinated animals prior to an outbreak. To effectively control and eradicate LSD, the government should develop new strategic policies. Community awareness campaigns are necessary to improve vector control measures and drainage systems. In addition, the present vaccination policy and strategy should be re-evaluated for effectiveness. This study focused on a specific region and timeframe, limiting generalizability. Factors such as environmental conditions and management practices were not extensively explored. Similar studies should be conducted in different regions to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of LSDV. The effectiveness of control measures and vaccination strategies should be investigated. The impact of environmental factors and management practices on LSD transmission and disease severity warrants further exploration. This study provides insights into the detection and isolation of the LSD virus during an outbreak in the West Hararghe Zone of Ethiopia. The results highlight the need for continued surveillance and monitoring of emerging infectious diseases in the region. Furthermore, the importance of using molecular methods for detecting and characterizing viral outbreaks in livestock populations is emphasized.

Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Oat Forage Technologies in Potential Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Participatory Demonstration and Evaluation of Oat Forage Technologies in Potential Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Improved Haricot Bean Varieties in Daro Lebu &amp; Habro Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Improved Haricot Bean Varieties in Daro Lebu &amp; Habro Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Job Performance and Associated Factors Among Health Workers Working in Public Hospitals of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Job Performance and Associated Factors Among Health Workers Working in Public Hospitals of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Assessment of flood risk by using geospatial techniques in Wabi Shebele River Sub-basin, West Hararghe Zone, southeastern Ethiopia

Floods are produced as a result of several factors such as human-induced land-use changes, topographic conditions, and climate change. This study aimed to assess flood risk using geographic information system-based multi-criteria evaluation techniques in the Wabi Shebele River Sub-basin. Six parameters, namely, soil type, slope, land use and land cover, proximity to rivers, rainfall, and elevation, were used. The eigenvector of weight for each factor was computed in IDRISI Selva 17.0. Results show that the study area was subjected to a very high 527.31 km2 (9.42%), high 2133.66 km2 (38.12%), moderate 1906.44 km2 (34.06%), low 847.35 km2 (15.14%), and a very low 182.54 km2 (3.26%) flood risk, respectively. Results reveal that the Wabi Shebele River Sub-basin is highly vulnerable to flooding. This study assists policymakers with regard to land-use planning. To reduce the effects of flood risk, integrated watershed management must be implemented in the study area.