Weight Ratio Mixture Research Articles

Investigation of Mechanical Strength and Weight Fraction of Date Palm Fibre Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Polyethylene

Polyethylene, elastomer, and date palm fibre are all readily available, it have an positive impact on growth of new composite materials with desirable features and characteristics. There are many different types of composites, but they all have the same goal: to create a new material with greater qualities than the constituent materials. Date palm fibre was employed to reinforce a composite matrix made of polyethylene (PE) plastic and elastomer. To find out the tensile, impact, and bending strength values of composites by weight fractions of 25% (75:25), 35% (65:35), and 45% (55:45), this research set out to find (55:45). Composites with a weight percentage of 25% (75:25) had less Tensile strength (TS) 1.213 MPa, though mixtures with weightage proportion of 45% (55:45) had the maximum TS of 2.613 MPa. The minimum tensile strain value was discovered in composites with a weight fraction of 25% (75:25), while the maximum tensile strain value was identified in composites with weight fraction of 45 percent (0.0067). (55:45). 45 % (45-55) weight ratio mixture had the minimum impact strength of 45321 kJ/mm2, while the 25 percent (75-25) weight ratio mixture had the maximum impact strength of 17721.41 kJ/mm2. A 25 percent weight fraction (75:25) composite had the lowest bending strength measurement result (1.816 MPa), whereas a 35 percent weight fraction (65:35) composite had the highest measurement result (4.9 MPA) in this category. At 75:25 (75:25), the bending strain of the composite was at its highest, with a value of 0.0216

Biofilm Removal by Reversible Shape Recovery of the Substrate.

Bacteria can colonize essentially any surface and form antibiotic resistant biofilms, which are multicellular structures embedded in an extracellular matrix secreted by the attached cells. To develop better biofilm control technologies, we recently demonstrated that mature biofilms can be effectively removed through on-demand shape recovery of a shape memory polymer (SMP) composed of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA). It was further demonstrated that such a dynamic substratum can sensitize the detached biofilm cells to antibiotics. However, this SMP can undergo shape change only once, limiting its application in long-term biofilm control. This motivated the present study, which aimed to prove the concept that biofilm can be effectively removed by repeated on-demand shape recovery. Reversible shape memory polymers (rSMPs) containing poly(ε-caprolactone) diisocyanatoethyl dimethacrylate (PCLDIMA) of varying molecular masses and butyl acrylate (BA) as a linker were synthesized by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a thermal initiator. By comparison of several combinations of PCLDIMA of different molecular masses, a 2:1 weight ratio mixture of 2000 and 15000 g/mol PCLDIMA was the most promising because it had a shape transition (at 36.7 °C) close to body temperature. The synthesized rSMP demonstrated good reversible shape recovery and up to 94.3 ± 1.0% removal of 48 h Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cells after three consecutive shape recovery cycles. Additionally, the detached biofilm cells were found to be 5.0 ± 1.2 times more susceptible to 50 μg/mL tobramycin than the static control.

Feasibility of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Carbendazim Mixtures Wrapped in Paper

The purpose of this work was to detect carbendazim mixtures wrapped in paper. Unlike previous reports of THz-TDS for detecting pesticide residue, this work focused on detecting pesticide residue in packaged foods. Different weight ratios of carbendazim in polyethylene and in rice powder were detected qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that pure carbendazim, polyethylene, and rice powder can be easily distinguished from each other. However, when the weight ratio was low, the absorbance of the mixture was similar with that of pure polyethylene and rice powder. With the help of SVM, carbendazim could be qualitatively detected in low weight ratio mixture successfully. Moreover, PLS and SVR were selected to quantitatively detect carbendazim mixtures. SVR has higher R and lower RMSECV, RMSEC, and RMSEP than PLS model. Lasty, the results also indicate that THz-TDS is a potential tool to detect pesticide residue in packaged foods qualitatively and quantitatively.

Influence of surfactant and lipid chain length on the solubilisation of phosphatidylcholine vesicles by micelles comprised of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoesters

Photon correlation spectroscopy and freeze-fracture electron microscopy have been used to determine the ability of a range of micelle-forming, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoesters (Tweens) to solubilise vesicles prepared from phosphatidylcholines of different acyl chain lengths and degrees of saturation with a view to rationalising (in terms of their membrane toxicity) which of the micelle-forming surfactants to use as drug delivery vehicles. The phosphatidylcholines used were dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, distearoyl- and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC, DPPC, DSPC and DOPC, respectively) while the nonionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoesters studied were polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), a 9:1 weight ratio mixture of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate and monostearate (Tween 40), a 1:1 weight ratio mixture of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate and monostearate (Tween 60), and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80). The ability of the Tween micelles to solubilise phospholipid vesicles was found to depend both upon the length of the surfactant acyl chain and the length of the acyl chains of the phospholipid comprising the vesicle. Vesicles composed of long saturated diacyl chain phospholipids, namely DSPC and DPPC, were the most resistant to solubilisation, while those prepared from the shorter acyl chained DMPC were more readily solubilised. In terms of their solubilisation behaviour, vesicles made from phospholipids containing long, unsaturated acyl chains, namely DOPC behaved more akin to those vesicles prepared from DMPC. None of the Tween surfactants were effective at solubilising vesicles prepared from DPPC or DSPC. In contrast, there were clear differences in the ability of the various surfactants to solubilise vesicles prepared from DMPC and DOPC, in that micelles formed from Tween 20 were the most effective solubilising agent while those formed by Tween 60 were the least effective. As a consequence of these observations it was considered that Tween 60 was the surfactant least likely to cause membrane damage in vivo and, therefore, is the most suitable surfactant for use as a micellar drug delivery vehicle.

Amination of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen using copper or a group VIII metal supported on a carrier as the catalyst

The gasphase amination of cyclohexanol and a 9 : 1 weight ratio mixture of cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone over a copper, nickel or a Group VIII metal (Ni, Pd, Ru, Rh, Pt) containing catalyst in a continuous fixed bed reactor was investigated. At temperatures up to 250°C at atmospheric pressure cyclohexylamine was the main product (up to 93% selectivity); at higher temperatures mainly aniline was obtained (up to 96% selectivity). The selectivity was strongly influenced by mass transfer limitations. The reaction path and the rates were studied.

Computer simulation of fluidized bed granulation by a two-dimensional random coalescence model.

Computer simulation of granulation in a fluidized bed process was carried out using a two-dimensional random coalescence model, In this contribution, seed circles of two sizes were granulated by circular spray mist with radii obeying log-normal distribution on the basis of adhesion probability, in which the adhesion force of spray mist was taken into consideration. This simulation was then applied to fluidized bed granulation, in which a 7:3 weight ratio mixture of lactose and corn starch was granulated by an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylcellulose of several concentrations. Effects of moisture content and spray mist size on geometric median diameter of granules were investigated experimentally and analytically. It was found that granulation phenomena, in which granule growth progressed with an increase in moisture content and spray mist size, were very well simulated by the model proposed, thereafter, the mechanism of particle adhesion in fluidized bed granulation was elucidated.