Weight Of Beet Research Articles

Growth traits and beet weight of tropical sugar beet responses to foliar application of boron

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the response of foliar application of boron on growth and beet weight. The experiment consisted of foliar application of boron at four concentrations viz. 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm, and frequency of application thrice viz. once at 40 days after emergence (DAE), twice at 40 and 65 DAE and thrice at 40, 65 and 90 DAE. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth traits and average beet weight were significantly influenced by boron concentration and frequency of application. At later stage of growth (at 140 days after sowing) the tallest plant, number of leaves/plants, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root length were recorded in 150 ppm boron with three times foliar application at 40, 65 and 90 DAE. The highest average beet weight (1.04 kg/beet) was recorded in 150 ppm boron with foliar application thrice at 40, 65 and 90 DAE followed by 100 ppm boron with foliar application at 40, 65 and 90 DAE while the lowest one 0.28 kg/beet was found in control. So, from the result it can be concluded that 150 ppm boron with foliar application at 40, 65 and 90 DAE seems to be promising in terms of growth attributes and average beet weight/plant of tropical sugar beet.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 181-191, August 2021

Updating technological modes for concentrated sugar-containing solutions purification

Existing technological schemes of lime-carbon dioxide purification of diffusion juice include lime treatment (defecation) and two-stage treatment with carbon dioxide (saturation) with sediment separation. Improving cleaning methods aimed at increasing its efficiency is an urgent task. Lime-carbon dioxide purification of the concentrated sugar-containing solution before boiling allows to improve the quality of sugar, reducing the syrup color and increasing its natural alkalinity. The proposed purification scheme, which includes overcarbonation to low syrup pH values (8 and below), its mixing with carbonated syrup and adding activated suspension of II saturation sediment, makes it possible to obtain a purified solution with an increased effect of adsorption purification, with a significantly low content of high-molecular compounds and their calcium salts. The results of the study of various schemes for the purification of syrups in a laboratory setup have been presented. A method for purification of concentrated sugar-containing solutions, protected by a patent of the Russian Federation for the invention, has been developed, which provides for the reduction in the consumption of calcium hydroxide by 0,10–0,12% of CaO by weight of the product or by 0,04% by weight of beet.

Agronomic Performance of Different Open-Pollinated Beetroot Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions

Due to the increase of the organic cultivation of beetroot and its growing importance as a functional food, the potential advantages of open-pollinated genotypes as an alternative for F1 hybrid genotypes has been investigated. In this regard, six field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 in three different locations to investigate the agronomic potential of new and existing open-pollinated genotypes of beetroot and their performance under the specific conditions of organic agriculture. Fifteen beetroot genotypes, including one F1 hybrid as a commercial control and one breeding line, were compared regarding their total and marketable yield, individual beet weight, diameter of beet, and leaves-growth-base width. Furthermore, five randomly selected beetroots meeting common marketable criteria were evaluated optically with regard to skin smoothness, corky surface, root tail, scab incidence, and uniformity. Results of this study indicated a significant impact of genotype on eight of the assessed traits. The cylindrical-shaped genotype, Carillon RZ, demonstrated significantly higher total and marketable yields, with 53.28 ± 3.34 t ha−1 and 44.96 ± 3.50 t ha−1, respectively, compared to the yellow-colored genotype, Burpees Golden, which obtained the lowest total yield, 36.06 ± 3.38 t ha−1, and marketable yield, 27.92 ± 3.55 t ha−1. Moreover, the comparison of the open-pollinated genotypes with the F1 hybrid, Monty RZ F1, revealed that except for the traits yield, scab, and uniformity, the open-pollinated genotypes indicated desirable competitive outcomes and thus offer suitable alternatives for organic cropping systems. Overall, the observed genetic variability can be beneficial for breeding and food product development.

INFLUENCE OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE-BASED DESTRUXIN A-760 AND DESTRUXIN - A-724 ON THE SUGAR BEET FLY, PEGOMYA MIXTA VILL. (DIPTERA:ANTHOMYIIDAE)

ABSTRACT Sugar beet contains about 15-20% sugar is considered a very important economic crop which produces the sugar in all worlds and also in Egypt. The sugar beet fly, Pegomya mixta Vill. belongs to (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), causing a damage to sugar beet crop plantations causing a blotch or "blister". Metarhizium anisopliae is entomopathogenic fungus produce toxin called Destruxin (DEX). This toxin could to paralysis the insects, also cause pests death. Destruxin 760and Destruxin A-724 examined in the laboratory by six concentrations. the lethal concentration LC50 was 76 and 141 ppm when sugar beet fly, P. mixta was treated by Destruxin- 760and Destruxin A-724, respectively. After the Destruxin A-760 and Destruxin A-724 applied on P. mixta, the number of eggs was significantly decreased by 29.8 and 1.1% fold. Destruxin-724 caused higher malformations to sugar beet fly, P. mixta the toxin Destruxin-760 caused a reduced of the target insects. Under field conditions, sugar beet weight recorded 2497±93.19 and 2799±58.98 kg/ 4200 m2 in plots treated with Destruxin 760 during seasons 2018 and 2019 respectively. Also the sugar beet weight increased after Destruxin -724 increased to 2415± 53.66 and 2625±68.91 Kg/fed. during seasons 2018 and 2019 , respectively as compared to 1680±65.43,1680±65.43 and 1120±85.09, 1120±85.09 kg/ feddan among the plots treated with water during the two successive season (2018 & 2019), respectively. use of M. anisopliae isolated toxin of Destruxin A-760, Destruxin - A-724 effect on the sugar beet fly, P. mixta larvae, pupae and adults in the laboratory. They also tested in the field and results obtained reduced the P. mixta numbers in the field.

Efficiency of low quality beet processing

The quality of sugar beet processed determines the final results of the production activity of the sugar plant in many ways - the white sugar yield, its quality, the plant coefficient. The problems of beet quality are due to many reasons, which are specific for the conditions of Russia. The result of complex influence of unfavorable factors are increased sucrose losses and beet weight with the accumulation in it of a significant amount of harmful nonsugars: mainly reducing substances, soluble nitrogen compounds and pectin substances, high-molecular compounds. To achieve high filtration rates of industrial sugar solutions after their carbonization, along with the high adsorption effect of removing the decomposition products of nonsugars, the determining factor is the obtaining of the optimal structure of calcium carbonate particles, the basis of the filteration sludge. We have shown the advisability of a controlled process for the formation of calcium carbonate sludge in the first carbonization process by introducing particles of a specially prepared filter perlite into the juice to be purified. Preliminary preparation consisted of lime-carbon dioxide treatment of the filter perlite with a certain dispersion at a given pH value to obtain the maximum positive electrokinetic potential. The return of the activated carbonate suspension of the second saturation carbonation juice to the preliminary progressive preliming promotes an increase in the purifying effect in this operation by 39.2% in comparison with the control, an improvement in the dispersed composition of the nonsugars coagulate, which is confirmed by an increase in sedimentation rate of the sludge particles by 35% with a decrease in the sludge volume V25 by 16.9%. The purification efficiency of juice II carbonation increases by 15.4% compared to the control, the calcium salts mass fraction is reduced by 25%, the effect of coloring substances removing increases by 16.5%.

Growth promotion effects of the endophyte Acinetobacter johnsonii strain 3-1 on sugar beet

An endophytic bacteriumn identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii strain 3–1 was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of Beta vulgaris. Its effect on sugar beet seedling growth was studied using pot assays and field experiments. This strain promoted beet seedling growth following seed inoculation by seed dipping. Plant height and dry weight of beet increased by 19% and 69%, respectively, compared with controls. Strain 3–1 exhibited the ability to increase absorption of N, P, K, and Mg elements from soil and increase the content of vitamins B and C, and protein within beet. In addition, the strain also produced a phytohormone-auxin, produced nearly twice as much IAA as that produced by strain 2–2, and was able to solubilize phosphates. The concentration of dissolved P in the medium was 180.5 mg L−1 after 4 days of incubation. In field experiments, strain 3–1 significantly increased the content of sucrose, fructose, and the yield of the beet. The growth-promoting properties of Acinetobacter johnsonii strain 3–1 indicates that this promising isolate merits further investigation into its symbiosis with beet plants and its potential application in agriculture.

Antagonistic effects of natural Pseudomonas putida biotypes on Polymyxa betae Keskin, the vector of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet

This in vivo study investigated the ability of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. to suppress Polymyxa betae, a vector of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus causing rhizomania in sugar beet fields. For this purpose, the Pseudomonas putida biotype A (PpA) and biotype B (PpB) were isolated from sugar beet growing areas in Samsun, Turkey and with indicated suppression of P. betae were used against P. betae as a biocontrol agent. Firstly, PpA and PpB were applied to the roots of sugar beet seedlings of rhizomania-susceptible (cv. Arosa) and partially resistant (cv. Leila) cultivars. Statistical differences were not significant among PpA, PpB, Leila and Arosa culti-vars within rhizomania infested soil treatments, and there were also no significant differences among PpB and control groups (P> 0.05). In contrast, the partially resistant cultivar Leila with rhizomania free soil, PpB and negative control were significantly different from the other treatments (P> 0.05). Furthermore, numbers and diameters of the resting spores were significantly reduced by PpA and PpB treatments. In the treatments with PpA and PpB, a positive effect was observed on sugar beet weight and growth.

Sucrose Content Determination of Sugar Beets by near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Comparison of Calibration Methods and Calibration Transfer

The legal method (polarimetric measurement) for the determination of sucrose content since 1964 uses lead acetate. Because heavy metals are polluting, a law could forbid their use in the near future. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a suitable alternative method to replace it. For two years, 2412 samples of beet brei were analysed by NIR spectroscopy. In this article, spectral pre-processing and regression methods were compared in order to obtain an accurate prediction of sugar content. Analyse of variance and Fisher's tests were calculated to compare models (bias and Standard Error of Prediction corrected for bias) in terms of statistical significance. The model developed with spectra pre-treated by standard normal variate and second derivative gave the best results. The standard error of prediction of the ratio sucrose content/fresh beet weight was low (0.11 g / 100 g). The second part of this study shows that updating of the spectral database was possible. This makes it possible to take into account new variabilities of beet. For an industrial application, calibration transfer has to be studied. Sugar beet spectra or generic standard spectra were used on two NIR instruments. A simple linear regression wavelength by wavelength gives good results for the standardisation, demonstrating a possible use of the model on different instruments. In conclusion, the replacement of the polarimetric method by NIR spectroscopy was feasible.

The weight and processing quality of components of the storage roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L)

Studies in the 1970s showed that sugar beet partitioned into root, crown and scalp had large concentrations of impurities in the scalp, the root portion had the best processing quality and the crown was intermediate. Since then the processing quality of beet has improved. This paper reports similar studies on today's varieties, in an experiment at IACR-Broom's Barn over the three years 1993–1995, and extended in 1996 to the most important soil types used for sugar beet production in England. The crown is now a smaller proportion of the total beet weight (70 compared to 130 g kg−1) but the distribution of the concentrations of the quality parameters (sugar and the impurities potassium, sodium, amino nitrogen, raffinose, betaine and invert sugars) between the beet portions has not changed. This distribution was not significantly affected by year, variety or beet size but was affected by soil type. Nitrogen-rich soils produced beet with heavier crowns and a smaller differential in impurity concentration between the root and the crown. The scalp material had a variable sugar concentration, but it always contained large concentrations of impurities, especially invert sugar. The equation of Pollach et al (Zucker industrie 116: 689–700 (1991)) which includes invert sugar as a variable, was applied to the data. It indicated that including all the crowns in the factory process with the roots would increase white sugar yield by approximately 6%. The increase due to inclusion of the scalp was much smaller (2%), and would probably be expensive to achieve. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

The weight and processing quality of components of the storage roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L)

Studies in the 1970s showed that sugar beet partitioned into root, crown and scalp had large concentrations of impurities in the scalp, the root portion had the best processing quality and the crown was intermediate. Since then the processing quality of beet has improved. This paper reports similar studies on today's varieties, in an experiment at IACR-Broom's Earn over the three years 1993-1995, and extended in 1996 to the most important soil types used for sugar beet production in England. The crown is now a smaller proportion of the total beet weight (70 compared to 130 g kg(-1)) but the distribution of the concentrations of the quality parameters (sugar and the impurities potassium, sodium, amino nitrogen, raffinose, betaine and invert sugars) between the beet portions has not changed. This distribution was not significantly affected by year, variety or beet size but was affected by soil type. Nitrogen-rich soils produced beet with heavier crowns and a smaller differential in impurity concentration between the root and the crown. The scalp material had a variable sugar concentration, but it always contained large concentrations of impurities, especially invert sugar. The equation of Pollach et al (Zucker industrie 116: 689-700 (1991)) which includes invert sugar as a variable, was applied to the data. It indicated that including all the crowns in the factory process with the roots would increase white sugar yield by approximately 6%. The increase due to inclusion of the scalp was much smaller (2%), and would probably be expensive to achieve. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry.

Changes in the weight and quality of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) roots in storage clamps on farms

The changes in weight and quality of sugarbeet roots stored in 18 clamps, mostly in eastern England during the winters of 1992/93 to 1994/95, were studied on farms using best commercial practice. Storage usually started in early December, at about the last recommended date of harvesting, and continued until the end of the beet-processing campaign at the local sugar factory (usually in February). Random samples of beet, in open-weave nets, were either analysed at the outset or were buried in a predetermined pattern in the clamp for up to 84 days. Periodically, samples were removed from the clamps for analysis. Beet weight hardly changed but sugar was lost as a reduction in sugar concentration: this declined at c. 0·02% per day. The concentration of reducing sugars, which are important impurities, increased fourfold during storage. Most other beet quality parameters remained unchanged. Sugar and adjusted weight was lost at 0·143 and 0·187% per day respectively. This relationship was highly significant, but a relationship between sugar loss and accumulated thermal time (0·0188% per °C day) accounted for more of the variation (73%). Temperature changes within the clamps, and the differences between clamps in accumulated thermal time, were not predictable. Some clamp insulation materials appear to allow more heat to accumulate than is desirable.

Sugar concentration in sugar beet: varietal differences and the effects of soil type and planting density on the size of the root cells

SUMMARYDifferences in beet weight and sugar concentration of four commercial varieties grown on two types of soil and at different planting density were related to changes in the numbers, sizes and sugar storage capacities of the storage root cells.Much of the variation in beet weight between varieties and soil type was attributable to differences in cell size, less to differences in their number. Differences in weight of beet grown at different densities were caused equally by changes in number of cells and their size. Variation in sugar concentration of the beet was, in all cases, determined more by differences in cell size than in their capacity tostore sugar, but the two factors were not wholly independent of each other.

Measures against water pollution in beet sugar processing industries.

In an introduction to the process the three principal steps are first mentioned: preparation of juice by extraction, purifying this juice and crystallizing sugar from the purified juice. A more complete flow sheet is then given, considering water use and re-use and effluent production in every step. A completely open factory would produce between 100000 and 200000 population equivalents per 1000 metric tons daily capacity. After the introduction of modern continuous extraction equipment, the recirculation of the hot water from the jet condensers and the elimination of all spill and overflow, the only remaining inevitable source of pollution is the loss of juice from wounded beets in the transportand wash-waters. This loss is directly proportional to the injured beet surface. Undamaged beets would cause a loss of 0.025 sugar, and a pollution of 2500 population equivalents (1—2 of an open factory). Mechanization of beet harvest and transport, however, caused a rise in sugar losses to about 0.2 ,ofthe beet weight. At this level of injury practically no part of the beet surface remains undamaged. When we want to diminish pollution, a programme to minimize beet injury deserves priority. A reduction of sugar losses by 0.1%, relative to the Dutch beet harvest, can be assessed at 1+ million guilders per annum in the form of export sugar, apart from a pollution abatement of 600000 population equivalents. A further decrease of pollution can be realized by lagooning and biological purification, the economic optimum depending on local conditions.

Experiments on the spacing of sugar beet: III. Further statistical considerations

1. The distribution of the total weight of beet in small areas (2 yards by 1 yard) was examined and estimates made of the effects of missing beet on the final yield, and of the yield to be obtained with various percentage plants.2. The distribution of gaps over the field is found to be non-random. The percentage of gaps varies from block to block, but does not differ greatly between the spacings. Three methods were employed and gave consistent results.