Weight Loss In Obese Men Research Articles

Comparative effects of 8-week combined resistance exercise training and alternate-day calorie restriction on soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) and adipsin in obese men

This study investigated the combined effects of resistance exercise training (RET) and alternate-day calorie restriction (ADCR) on body composition, insulin resistance (IR), insulin resistance-related biomarkers (adipokine adipsin and hepatokine soluble EFGR), and weight loss in obese men. The findings revealed that RET + ADCR induced the greatest reductions in body weight, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) compared to RET and ADCR alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, RET + ADCR resulted in the most significant improvements in IR, as measured by HOMA-IR, and in circulating levels of adipsin and soluble EFGR (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that combining RET and ADCR may be a more effective strategy for improving metabolic health, including body composition, IR, and metabolic tissues’ functions, in obese men than either intervention alone.

Sugar-Rich Food Intake Is Negatively Associated with Plasma Pentraxin 3 Levels.

Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an anti-inflammatory cardioprotective protein, increase after weight loss in obese men and aerobic exercise in non-obese adults. However, the effect of nutritional characteristics on PTX3 levels remains unclear. This population-based, cross-sectional study investigated the association between circulating PTX3 levels and food intake in Japanese adults. We hypothesized that the consumption of high amounts of high-sugar foods would lead to low plasma PTX3 levels, resulting in obesity. This study included 327 participants categorized depending on the consumption of the recommended amount of confectionary and sugar-sweetened beverages (CSSB) into high and low groups. PTX3 levels were significantly lower in the high CSSB group than in the low CSSB group. Biological sex was the strongest effector of PTX3 levels. Moreover, the intake of Tsukudani and CSSB, as well as some metabolic syndrome factors, also affect PTX3 levels. In the groups categorized by sex and age, the determinants of PTX3 levels differed. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly associated with PTX3 levels in women. Tsukudani, HDL-C, heart rate, saturated fatty acids, systolic blood pressure, and CSSB were associated with PTX3 levels in individuals aged >65 years. Our results show that circulating PTX3 levels are affected by sex, sugar-rich foods, and metabolic syndrome characteristics (WC, HDL-C).

Meta-analysis and construction of simple-to-use nomograms for approximating testosterone levels gained from weight loss in obese men.

Obesity-induced hypogonadism, which manifests as erectile dysfunction and a lack of libido, is a less visible and under-recognized obesity-related disorder in men. We examined the impact of weight loss on total (TT) and free testosterone (FT) levels, and constructed nomograms to provide an easy-to-use visual aid for clinicians. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan (v5.3) and expressed in standardized mean differences (SMD) for testosterone. Parallel-scale nomograms were constructed from baseline and target body mass index values to estimate the gain in testosterone. In total, 44 studies were included, comprising 1,774 participants and 2,159 datasets, as some studies included several datasets at different time points. Weight loss was controlled by low calorie diet (LCD) in 19 studies (735 participants, 988 datasets), by bariatric surgery (BS) in 26 studies (1,039 participants, 1,171 datasets), and by both in one study. The median follow-up was 26weeks (interquartile range=12-52). The range of baseline mean age was 21-68yr, BMI: 26.2-71.2kg/m2 , TT: 7-20.2nmol/L and FT: 140-583pmol/L. TT levels increased after weight loss by LCD: SMD (95%CI)=2.5nmol/L (1.9-3.1) and by BS: SMD=7.2nmol/L (6.0-8.4); the combined TT gain was 4.8nmol/L (3.9-5.6). FT levels increased after weight reduction by LCD: SMD=19.9pmol/L (7.3-32.5) and by BS: SMD=58.0pmol/L (44.3-71.7); the combined gain was 42.2pmol/L (31.4-52.9). Greater amounts of total and free testosterone could be gained by weight loss in men with higher baseline BMI, or lower levels of SHBG, TT and FT, while gain in TT was relatively greater in older and FT in younger age. Age-stratified nomograms revealed that compared to older men (>40yr), younger men (≤40yr) gained less TT but more FT for a given weight loss. Both TT and FT levels increased after weight loss, relatively greater with higher baseline BMI, or lower levels of SHBG, TT and FT. Nomograms constructed from a large number of participants with a wide range of BMI and testosterone values provide an evidence-based and simple-to-use tool in clinical practice.

Erectile dysfunction and metabolic syndrome components in obese men with psoriasis: response to a 12-week randomized controlled lifestyle modification program (exercise with diet restriction)

BackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) and metabolic syndrome (MeTS) are highly prevalent in chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP).ObjectiveThe aim of this lifestyle modification study is to explore the response of MeTS components and ED to a 12-week lifestyle modification program (low-calorie diet and moderate-intensity treadmill walking) in 60 obese men with CPP, mild and moderate ED, and MeTS.The design, settings, participants, and interventionIn this lifestyle modification randomized study, a university-based hospital recruitment of 60 obese men with CPP, mild and moderate ED, and MeTS was randomly performed. Men were randomly assigned to the lifestyle modification group (n = 30, received low-calorie diet and moderate-intensity treadmill walking programs) or waitlist group (n = 30). The following outcomes were assessed as follows: body mass index, psoriasis severity (assessed via psoriasis area and severity index), ED (assessed by the five-item internal index of erectile function), and components of MeTS (waist circumference, blood pressure, serum high-density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides, and serum fasting blood glucose).ResultsTrends of significant improvements in all outcomes were documented in favor of the lifestyle modification group. All outcomes of the waitlist group did not show the same reported significant improvements of the lifestyle modification group.ConclusionA 12-week lifestyle modification program as a tool for weight loss in obese men with CPP is a good therapeutic method to improve psoriasis severity and psoriasis-associated ED and MeTS.

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Maintaining Weight Loss in Obese Men with Prostate Cancer Following a Supervised Exercise and Nutrition Program-A Pilot Study.

Simple SummaryMore than 50% of prostate cancer patients will receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and 70% will experience ADT-induced weight gain. Supervised exercise and nutrition interventions are viable strategies to mitigate or reverse ADT-induced body composition changes; however, the ability to preserve these benefits when supervision is no longer available is unclear. Our study examined the effects of a home-based weight maintenance program on body composition and physical function in obese men with prostate cancer on ADT who had previously completed a supervised weight loss intervention. We demonstrated that a home-based weight maintenance program can preserve body composition and physical function for at least 12 weeks following a supervised intervention. This study provides insight into the prospect of home-based programs to preserve benefits gained within a supervised environment for patients remaining on ADT when ongoing in-person services are no longer viable.Supervised exercise and nutrition programs can mitigate or reverse androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced fat mass (FM) gain, lean mass (LM) loss, and impaired physical function. It is unclear whether these benefits are retained following transition to self-management. This study examined the effect of a home-based weight maintenance program on body composition and physical function in obese men with prostate cancer (PCa) on ADT following a 12-week supervised weight loss intervention. Eleven obese PCa patients (74 ± 5 years, 40.0 ± 4.9% body fat) on ADT (>6 months) completed a 12-week self-managed home-based weight maintenance program consisting of 150 min/week of aerobic and resistance training while maintaining a healthy balanced diet. Body composition (DXA), muscle strength (1RM), and cardiorespiratory fitness (400 m walk) were assessed. Significant reductions in weight (−2.8 ± 3.2 kg) and FM (−2.8 ± 2.6 kg), preservation of LM (−0.05 ± 1.6 kg), and improvements in muscle strength and VO2max were achieved across the supervised intervention. Across the home-based program, no significant changes were observed in weight (−0.6 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.508), FM (0.2 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.619), LM (−0.8 ± 1.6 kg, p = 0.146), muscle strength (−0.2 to 4.1%, p = 0.086–0.745), or estimated VO2max (0.3 ± 2.1 mL/min/kg, p = 0.649). Self-managed, home-based exercise and nutrition programs are a viable strategy to promote maintenance of body composition and physical function following a supervised intervention in obese PCa patients on ADT.

Impact of weight loss on sperm DNA integrity in obese men.

The objective of the study was to determine whether weight loss in obese men improves their fertility with respect to DNA fragmentation index and morphology. Collected fertility parameters included DFI and morphology. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all patients with comparisons to their fertility parameters before and after weight loss using paired t test and chi-square tests. The mean BMI was significantly higher in group 1, before weight loss (33.18kg/m2 ), than in group 2, after weight loss (30.43kg/m2 ). Overall, 53.3% of men had DFI <20% while 43.8% had a DFI between 20% and 40%, and 2.9% of men had DFI >40%. The mean DFI of participants was higher before weight loss (20.2%) and had improved significantly after weight loss (17.5%) (p=<.001). The weight loss had significant positive correlation with percentage of DFI. There was a significant improvement in morphology after weight loss (p=<.05). In one of the largest cohorts of male fertility and obesity, DFI and morphology demonstrated significant relationship with adiposity, possibly contributing to subfertility in this population.

The Role of Triacylglycerol in the Oxidizability of Low Density Lipoproteins and High Density Lipoproteins: Possible Contributions to Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CDV) risk factors including visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and increased oxidative stress. Pyrene-lipid derivatives selectively incorporated into the hydrophobic core and surrounding amphipathic envelope of LDLs and HDLs are useful markers of the oxidizability of these lipoprotein regions. We performed an observational study aimed at investigating the effect of lipid composition, in particular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, on the oxidizability of the core and the envelope of LDLs and HDLs in MetS.Methods: We induced changes in the chemical composition of lipoprotein in vivo by placing on a hypocaloric balanced diet fifteen overweight and moderately obese men (BMI: 25-35 kg/mq) with MetS until they lost at least 5% of their initial weight. The core and the surface of LDLs and HDLs were labeled with selective pyrenic probes. Susceptibility to 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide-dihydrochloride-induced peroxidation was measured following kinetically the decrease of fluorescence of these probes. The length of the lag phase (lag-time) of peroxidation kinetic were calculated and used as indices of lipoprotein oxidizability. In addition, we measured paraoxonase activity and plasma oxidative status.Results: After weight loss, together with a reduction of triglyceridemia and the improvement of the other CDV risk factors associated with MetS, we observed a massive transfer of TAG from HDLs toward LDLs. In the LDLs core, the increased TAG concentration halved the resistance to peroxidation, while in the HDLs core the reduction of this parameter doubled the value of lag-time. In the lipoprotein hydrophobic cores, the duration of lag-time correlated directly with ratio between cholesteryl esters and TAG. No significant changes were found in paraoxonase activity and plasma oxidative status.Conclusions: Less oxidizable HDLs, but also more oxidizable LDLs seem to accompany the improvement of different metabolic factors induced by weight loss in obese men with MetS.

Corrigendum

CorrigendumCorrigendumPublished Online:01 Oct 2017https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.zh1-7809-corr.2017Original articleMoreSectionsPDF (63 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Volume 277Pages E277–E282. Halle M, Berg A, Garwers U, Grathwohl D, Knisel W, and Keul J. Concurrent reductions of serum leptin and lipids during weight loss in obese men with type II diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol 277: E277–E282, 1999.—On p. E277, right column, the following should have appeared as the first paragraph under methods.Out of 34 patients originally investigated in a prospective life-style intervention trial including an exercise program, diet and education program (Halle et al. Metabolism 46, 1–5, 1999), leptin levels were analyzed retrospectively in all available frozen plasma samples before and after intervention. The number of patients for statistical analysis was only n = 20, as valid and matching pairwise samples before and after intervention were only available for 20 patients. In brief, the study protocol was as follows.This article has no references to display. Download PDF Previous Back to Top FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Collections Related ArticlesConcurrent reductions of serum leptin and lipids during weight loss in obese men with type II diabetes 01 Aug 1999American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism More from this issue > Volume 313Issue 4October 2017Pages E492-E492 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.zh1-7809-corr.2017History Published online 1 October 2017 Published in print 1 October 2017 Metrics

What Is the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Erectile Function? ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Obesity is a worldwide public health issue that has severe psychological and social implications. Erectile dysfunction also is a prevalent clinical situation, and obesity is one of the primary risk factors for its development. To determine whether bariatric surgery can lessen erectile dysfunction in obese men because of evidence showing that weight loss in obese men contributes to decreasing erectile dysfunction and bariatric surgery contributes to significant weight loss. A search was conducted using Medline, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Eric, and EBM up to April 13, 2016. The authors selected by title, abstract, and full text. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklists were used for comparative studies to show the limitations and biases of each article. RevMan 5.3 software from the Cochrane Library was used for meta-analyses. Results were demonstrated with forest plots. The outcome selected was resolution of erectile dysfunction, which was analyzed by improvement in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score. Of 185 articles analyzed, 7 were selected for systematic review. Meta-analysis of two articles that evaluated erectile function showed a 5.66-point increase in the five-item IIEF score of patients who underwent bariatric surgery (95% CI= 7.88-3.45, I2= 35%, P < .00001), demonstrating statistical significance. Meta-analysis of three articles showed a 4.10-point increase in the IIEF erectile function score of patients who underwent bariatric surgery (95% CI= 6.10-2.10, I2= 0%, P < .0001), demonstrating statistical significance. Bariatric surgery leads to an improvement of erectile function. Glina FPI, de Freitas Barboza JW, Nunes VM, etal. What Is the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Erectile Function? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Med Rev 2017;5:393-402.

Does Weight Loss improve Fertility with respect to Semen Parameters—Results from a Large Cohort Study

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether weight loss in obese men improves seminal parameters.DesignProspective interventional study.SettingInfertility clinic and weight loss centers.PatientAll men attending infertility center and weight loss programmes from April 2012 to May 2015 (n = 105).InterventionDiet counseling and exercise.Main Outcome MeasureCollected reproductive parameters included semen analysis (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, progressive and non-progressive motility) data. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all patients with comparisons to reproductive parameters before and after weight loss by using paired-t test andChi-squaretests.ResultThe mean BMI was significantly higher before weight loss (33.2) than after weight loss (30.4) in obese men. The weight loss had significant positive correlation with percentage of progressive sperm motility (p = &lt; 0.001) and static percentage (p = &lt; 0.001). Weight loss had non-significant correlation with semen volume (p = 0.083), concentration (p = 0.418) and non progressive motile sperm (p = 0.361).ConclusionIn one of the largest cohorts of male fertility and obesity, semen parameters demonstrated mild but significant relationships with BMI and semen parameters, possibly contributing to subfertility in this population.How to cite this articleJaffar M, Ashraf M. Does Weight Loss improve Fertility with respect to Semen Parameters—Results from a Large Cohort Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1): 12-17.

MP48-18 THE IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON THE ERECTILE FUNCTION. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction: Surgical Therapy1 Apr 2016MP48-18 THE IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON THE ERECTILE FUNCTION. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Felipe Glina, Julia Walter de Freitas Barbosa, Victor Moises Nunes, Sidney Glina, and Wanderley Marques Bernardo Felipe GlinaFelipe Glina More articles by this author , Julia Walter de Freitas BarbosaJulia Walter de Freitas Barbosa More articles by this author , Victor Moises NunesVictor Moises Nunes More articles by this author , Sidney GlinaSidney Glina More articles by this author , and Wanderley Marques BernardoWanderley Marques Bernardo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.358AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a global public health issue, which besides being a major problem in organic health, it is also a psychological and social problem. This association makes erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very common disease in obese men. It is known that weight loss in obese men contributes to the improvement of erectile dysfunction and bariatric surgery (BS) contributes to significant weight reduction. Evaluate the impact of BS in ED in obese patients. METHODS A search was conducted in MedLine, Lilacs, Central, Cochrane, Scopus and CINAHL until 15 March 2015. The researchers made the selections by title, abstract and full text. Each step was performed separately and compared them findings, differences were included to ensure better assessment of each article. The works were selected by the type of study, the group of patients, the type of intervention, and by comparing the outcome. The studies consisted of comparative studies or clinical trials in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Patients were included only obese male with no other restriction of age, race or sexual orientation. The selected interventions were bariatric surgery, regardless of whether this was restrictive, disabsorptive or mixed. The comparisons were accepted confronting study patients before and after bariatric surgery. Accepted outcomes assessed improvement of erectile dysfunction or sexual function of men, using International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF). The SING checklist for comparative studies were used in order to evidence the limitations and biases of each article. It was used for the meta-analysis RevMan 5.3 software of the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Articles recovered in the MedLine 16, Lilacs 12, Central 22, Cochrane 22, Scopus 34 and CINAHL 26. It was not rescued any item from the search text books, theses and references to other articles. These were used for the complete reading 8 and the meta-analysis 5. Patients undergoing BS had an increased IIEF Erectile Function scores of 3% of 5.24 points (95% CI -6.93, -3.54) with a I² = 0% (Figure 1). In Sexual Desire increased by 1 point (95% CI -1.58, -0.41) with a I² = 74%. In Intercourse Satisfaction of 2.62 points (95% ISC, -4.04, -1.20) with a I² = 90%., all with statistical significance. The Orgasmic Function and the Overall Satisfaction were increased 0.14 points (95% CI -0.99, 0.71) with a I² = 0% and 4.89 points (95% CI -11.17, 1.40) with a I² = 14%, respectively, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery improves erectile function in obese patients. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e642-e643 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Felipe Glina More articles by this author Julia Walter de Freitas Barbosa More articles by this author Victor Moises Nunes More articles by this author Sidney Glina More articles by this author Wanderley Marques Bernardo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Changes in lower extremity muscle mass and muscle strength after weight loss in obese men: A prospective study

Obesity is not only associated with internal diseases but also with surgical problems. Surgical diseases related to obesity frequently occur in the load bearing joints of the lower limbs. To decrease the occurrence of surgical diseases related to obesity, weight loss has been recommended. It is important for obese men to maintain muscle mass and muscle strength after weight loss because low muscle mass and muscle strength are also related to the occurrence of surgical diseases. To date, the importance of muscle mass and muscle strength after weight loss in obese men has been underappreciated. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in lower extremity muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from a weight loss programme consisting of caloric restriction and exercise. All participants concurrently attended a 12-week diet class 1day/week and a 12-week exercise class 3days/week. Body weight and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and knee extensor strength by dynamometry were assessed. The weight loss programme led to a 14.1% weight loss accompanied by significant loss of leg muscle mass, static maximal muscle strength, dynamic maximal muscle strength and dynamic muscle endurance but not with significant loss of dynamic muscle power. Decline of muscle strength was related to a decrease in muscle mass, but not completely dependent on a decrease in muscle mass. Body weight-normalised muscle strength increased significantly. We recommend utilising resistance exercise to restore muscle mass and muscle strength in the legs after substantial weight loss.

Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure

ObjectivesWeight loss (WL) is associated with a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to investigate whether (1) diets with different rate and extent of WL determined different changes in total and resting EE and if (2) they influenced the level of adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decline in total or resting EE not accounted by changes in body composition. MethodsThree groups of six, obese men participated in a total fast for 6days to achieve a 5% WL and a very low calorie (VLCD, 2.5MJ/day) for 3weeks or a low calorie (LCD, 5.2MJ/day) diet for 6weeks to achieve a 10% WL. A four-component model was used to measure body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting EE. Total EE was measured by doubly labelled water (VLCD, LCD) and 24-hour whole-body calorimetry (fasting). ResultsVLCD and LCD showed a similar degree of metabolic adaptation for total EE (VLCD=−6.2%; LCD=−6.8%). Metabolic adaptation for resting EE was greater in the LCD (−0.4MJ/day, −5.3%) compared to the VLCD (−0.1MJ/day, −1.4%) group. Resting EE did not decrease after short-term fasting and no evidence of adaptive thermogenesis (+0.4MJ/day) was found after 5% WL. The rate of WL was inversely associated with changes in resting EE (n=30, r=0.−42, p=0.01). ConclusionsThe rate of WL did not appear to influence the decline in total EE in obese men after 10% WL. Approximately 6% of this decline in total EE was explained by mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis.

Effectiveness of 6 months of tailored text message reminders for obese male participants in a worksite weight loss program: randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundWorksite nutrition and physical activity interventions are important to help overweight and obese employees lose weight, but costs and insufficient sustained motivation prevent the majority of these programs from succeeding. Tailored text messaging in aiding weight management has been effective in several studies, but no studies have evaluated the effect of a tailored text message service on weight loss in a worksite health promotion program.ObjectiveWe studied the efficacy of a tailored text-messaging intervention for obese male participants in a worksite weight loss program of 6 months duration.MethodsThe study was an unblinded, randomized controlled trial. Men with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 were recruited from the Korea District Heating Corporation, the Korea Expressway Corporation, and the Korea Gas Corporation. The participants were identified by nurse managers. Participants were randomly allocated to 1 of the following 2 groups for 24 weeks: (1) intervention group, which received tailored text message reminders every other day plus 4 offline education sessions and brief counseling with monthly weight check by nurses for weight control over 6 months and (2) control group, which received the 4 offline education sessions and brief counseling with monthly weight check by nurses about weight control over 6 months. The primary outcome was the difference in weight loss at 6 months. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the intervention group’s weight loss compared with the control group.ResultsA total of 205 obese men were randomized into either the intervention (n=104) or the control group (n=101). At the end of 6 months, the intervention group (n=63) had lost 1.71 kg (95% CI –2.53 to –0.88) and the control group (n=59) had lost 1.56 kg (95% CI –2.45 to –0.66); the difference between the 2 groups was not significant (mean difference –0.15, 95% CI –1.36 to 1.07). At the end of the study, 60% (34/57) of the intervention group rated the message program as helpful for weight control and 46% (26/57) would recommend the text message service to their friends.ConclusionsTailored text message reminders did not have a significant effect on weight loss in obese men as part of a worksite weight loss program.Trial RegistrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 39629189; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39629189?q=39629189&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6VsFkwJH6).

Comparison of the effects of acute exercise after overnight fasting and breakfast on energy substrate and hormone levels in obese men.

[Purpose] We compared the effects of acute aerobic exercise following overnight fasting and breakfast on energy substrate and hormone levels in obese male college students. [Subjects and Methods] This crossover study recruited 10 obese male college students with a body mass index >25 kg/m2 or >20% body fat. One week post-recruitment, the subjects exercised in the morning after an overnight fast. At 2 weeks, they exercised post-breakfast. Energy substrate (glucose, free fatty acid) and metabolic hormone (insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol) levels were measured immediately before and after exercise and at 60 min post-exercise. [Results] We observed interaction effects between the measurement time and exercise treatment for glucose; significant differences between measurement times and between exercise treatments for free fatty acids; interaction effects between the measurement time and exercise treatment for insulin and significant differences in the measurement time; significance differences between measurement times and between exercise treatments for growth hormone; and significant differences between measurement times and between exercise treatments for cortisol. [Conclusion] Morning exercise following an overnight fast can be more effective in reducing body fat than post-prandial exercise. However, increased cortisol levels following exercise after overnight fasting may negatively affect long-term weight loss in obese men.

An evidence-based strategy for the conservative management of the male patient with incontinence.

Incontinence is not an isolated symptom in men, but rather a component of a multifactorial problem that may include other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Male urinary incontinence is often seen following prostate surgery and procedures, particularly prostate cancer surgery. Men with enlarged prostates experience overactive bladder symptoms of urgency and frequency. Despite these bothersome lower urinary tract problems in men, conservative treatment remains poorly investigated. This review will provide the current evidence-based strategies for the use of conservative management in men with urinary incontinence and other LUTS. Conservative treatment for urinary incontinence is an effective intervention and has been recommended by the evidence-based guidelines as the first-line intervention for LUTS. Despite this prevalence, the only population of men who continue to receive systematic consideration with respect to conservative management are those with postprostatectomy urinary symptoms. Although continence status gradually improves in the ensuing weeks and months, evidence-based research has shown that preoperative and early postoperative pelvic floor muscle training can speed the recovery of continence in the short and long term. Recent research has also shown that behavioral therapy combined with medication can improve the male symptom of nocturia. Lifestyle changes of weight loss in obese men with diabetes and LUTS and dietary modification has also been shown to be effective. Although sparse, there are data to support conservative interventions as the first-line treatment in men with LUTS. There is a strong recommendation for implementing a pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program before and after prostatectomy. Positive lifestyle changes such as weight loss in obese men and dietary modification can lessen urgency, nocturia, and incontinence. Despite this growing evidence on effectiveness, urologists rarely recommend conservative treatment to patients.

Correlation between reduction of superior interventricular groove epicardial fat thickness and improvement of insulin resistance after weight loss in obese men.

BackgroundIt has been recognized that reduction of abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous fat are associated with improvement in insulin-resistance (IR) after weight loss. However, few studies have investigated the correlation of reduction in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with improvement of IR index after weight loss in obese non-diabetic men with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled 32 non-diabetic men with MetS for a 3-month weight reduction program mainly by diet control and exercise. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were used to measure EAT, subcutaneous fat, and abdominal visceral fat. Anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and serum adipokines were assessed before and after the weight loss program. After a 3-month weight loss program, 27 obese MetS men had significant weight loss >5% (97 ± 14 to 87 ± 14 kg, with a 10.7 % decrease, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the decrement ratio of superior interventricular groove (SIVG) EAT thickness (r = 0.322, p = 0.044) and serum leptin (r = 0.626, p < 0.001) significantly correlated with the percentage improvements of fasting HOMA-IR index. Furthermore, the decrement ratio of SIVG EAT thickness (r = −0.370, p = 0.017) and decrement ratio of subcutaneous fat area (r = −0.673, p = 0.006) were significantly correlated with improvement of OGTT-derived Matsuda insulin-sensitivity index.ConclusionsThe decrement ratio of SIVG EAT correlated with improvement of both HOMA-IR and OGTT-derived Matsuda insulin-sensitivity indexes after weight loss in obese non-diabetic men with MetS.Clinical trial registration(Multi-faceted Evaluations Following Weight Reduction in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome NCT 01065753 on Feb 8, 2010).

Appetite control and biomarkers of satiety with vegetarian (soy) and meat-based high-protein diets for weight loss in obese men: a randomized crossover trial

There is limited evidence with regard to the effect of different sources of protein on appetite during weight loss. Vegetarian and meat-based high-protein diets may have contrasting effects on appetite and biomarkers of protein-induced satiety. The aim was to assess appetite response to meat or vegetarian high-protein weight-loss (HPWL) diets in obese men to monitor plasma amino acid profile and gut peptide response as potential satiety biomarkers. Twenty obese [body mass index (in kg/m²): 34.8] men participated in a dietary intervention study. After 3 d of a maintenance diet, they were provided in a crossover design with either a vegetarian HPWL (Soy-HPWL) or a meat-based HPWL (Meat-HPWL) diet for 2 wk. Both diets comprised 30% protein, 30% fat, and 40% carbohydrate, provided to measured resting metabolic rate. Body weight and the motivation to eat were measured daily. Plasma satiety biomarkers were collected during a test-meal challenge (5 h) at the end of each diet period. Over the 2 wk, subjects lost, on average, 2.41 and 2.27 kg with consumption of the Soy- and Meat-HPWL diets, respectively [P = 0.352; SE of the difference (SED): 0.1]. ANOVA confirmed that subjectively rated hunger (P = 0.569; SED: 3.8), fullness (P = 0.404; SED: 4.1), desire to eat (P = 0.356; SED: 3.7), preservation of lean body mass (P = 0.334; SED: 0.2), and loss of percentage fat mass (P = 0.179; SED: 0.2) did not differ between the 2 HPWL diets. There were differences in absolute concentrations of ghrelin and peptide YY between the 2 HPWL diets, although the response as net area under the curve was not different. Appetite control and weight loss were similar for both HPWL diets. Gut hormone profile was similar between the diets, which suggests that vegetarian diets can be as effective as meat-based diets for appetite control during weight loss.

Hepatic And Peripheral Insulin Resistance After Diet-induced Weight Loss In Obese Men

Hepatic And Peripheral Insulin Resistance After Diet-induced Weight Loss In Obese Men