Weight In Kg Research Articles

USE OF THE ZOOLOGICAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ZIMS) DATABASE (2003-2023) FOR EVALUATION OF PRACTITIONER-SELECTED MELOXICAM DOSES AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO AVIAN TAXONOMY.

Meloxicam, a commonly used NSAID, has wide variation in pharmacokinetics between different avian species. The present study hypothesized that meloxicam dosage regimens were similar within, but differ between, groups of avian species with similar feeding habits, habitats, or migratory behaviors. Utilizing the international Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS), drug usage extracts were compiled for meloxicam across eleven major orders of birds. The orders were selected based on their prevalence in zoological collections, wildlife rehabilitation centers, the pet trade, and production environments. Each species with a record available in drug usage extracts was classified into broad categories of main habitat, diet, and migratory status. Significant patterns associated with habitat, diet, or migratory status were not identified statistically. An inverse relationship was identified statistically between the practitioner mg/kg dose and body weight in kg in birds that weigh approximately 20 kg or greater. This study includes practitioner-reported summary data of current doses used in the veterinary field to treat many different avian species. Adverse effects of meloxicam were recorded in <5% of individuals evaluated at the species level in this study.

A Reliability Study of the Load Distribution Percentage While Walking Using Curalgia Feet Sx Smart Insoles.

Background Gait analysis has evolved through many years of research. Many methods are used to analyze the gait of a subject. Recent times have showna high demand for wearable sensor-based insoles integrated with smartphone-based devices used for gait analysis due to ease of use. This study utilized Curalgia Feet Sx Smart Insoles and its software toolset, Gait Analysis+, designed and manufactured in India making it an accessible and cost-effective option. The Curalgia Feet Sx Smart Insoles allow for a broad range of biofeedback-based rehabilitation and recovery training for several patients and have many applications, such as sports performance enhancement and neurological disorder rehab (e.g., brain stroke rehab). The system also significantly delays the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses by providing balance and proprioceptive training. The smart insole can help the athlete, the coach, and the sports medicine team get the on-field data in real-time, which will help them understand if any technical or biomechanical alterations are required. This may help in performance enhancement. This study aimed to determine the interrater reliability of the load distribution percentage parameter of the Curalgia Feet Sx Smart Insole for both feet while walking in a controlled setting. Methodology A total of 120 subjects were enrolled in the study. In total, 90 subjects were randomly selected using Research Randomizer which included male and female students and staff at Sardar Bhagwan Singh University. The subjects were asked to come to the research lab of the physiotherapy department wearing their sports shoes. Curalgia Feet Sx insoles were inserted into the shoe firmly to fit properly. Two assessors took two readings after the smart insole was connected to the smartphone-based application, GaitAnalysis+, via Bluetooth. The dynamic analysis option was selected, and each subject's analysis was done one after another with a desirable break in between. Each subject walked for three minutes at their normal speed after pressing "Start Analysis." At the three-minute mark, the subjects were asked to press "Stop Analysis" and the investigator downloaded the report on the smartphone. The data collected was compiled as the cumulative weight in kg (load distribution) borne and the % weight (load distribution %) borneby each foot for the duration of the walk. Statistical analysis was done using Karl Pearson's test and interclass correlation calculation. Results Assessor 1 and Assessor 2 collected readings for the left foot as "L" and the right foot as "R." Assessor 1 readings were L1-R1 for load distribution and L1% and R1% for load distribution %. Assessor 2 readings were L2-R2 for load distribution and L2% and R2% for load distribution %. The r value (correlation coefficient) was calculated using the load distribution. The mean value of L1 was 337.46 (SD=94.16). The mean L2 was 313.6 (SD=104.40). The R1 mean was 229.03 (SD=112.88), and the R2 mean was 233.011 (SD=79.84). The r was 0.7171 for the left foot and 0.7502 for the right foot, suggesting an excellent correlation. The ICC was calculated for load distribution %. The means of L1% was 55.94, L2% was 57.59, R1% was 44.06, and R2% was 42.41. The ICC was found to be 0.91 for both feet, suggesting high interrater reliability for the tested parameter. Conclusions The findings confirmed that the Curalgia Feet Sx Smart Insoles presented good interrater reliability for the load distribution % parameter.

#1784 The potential impact of chronic subclinical hypervolemia on left ventricular hypertrophy in children on dialysis: a prospective longitudinal study

Abstract Background and Aims Hypervolemia poses a significant challenge in pediatric patients undergoing dialysis, potentially leading to severe complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiac dysfunction. Accurately assessing fluid status in growing children on dialysis could be particularly difficult, and although several non-invasive methods are emerging, each individual measurement has its own strengths and diagnostic limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. To date, only a few studies in children have compared the use of different methods simultaneously to detect fluid status, and none of these have evaluated the potential cardiovascular impact of a prolonged subclinical hypervolemia. The latter can be defined as a condition of euvolemia at clinical assessment but hypervolemia at technical evaluation. We evaluated the role of three methods—lung ultrasound (LUS), bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), and ultrasound assessment of inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI)—in detecting subclinical hypervolemia and examined the cardiac implications. Method In this prospective observational longitudinal study, we included 23 children (&amp;lt;18 years) who were receiving chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis at the regional pediatric nephrology center of Meyer University Children's Hospital IRCSS, Florence, Italy, between 01/06/2018 and 01/11/2020. We excluded patients with clinical signs of fluid overload. Each patient underwent a multiparametric evaluation of their fluid status (physical examination, LUS, IVC-CI, BIS) every 2 months, and an echocardiography every six months starting from a baseline evaluation. The LVH was defined as a left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of ≥ 95th percentile or a left ventricular wall-thickness z-score &amp;gt; 2 z-score. We divided the patients into two groups and arbitrarily assigned them to the subclinical hypervolemia (SH) group if they had at least two out of three parameters of fluid overload at different methods (≥5 B-lines at LUS, overhydration normalized to extracellular water “OH/ECW” &amp;gt; 7% at BIS, and/or IVC-CI &amp;lt; 40%) in the absence of clinical signs of fluid overload. The others were included in the euvolemic (EU) group. The overload rate by weight (clinical OH), prescribed by the physician clinically, was calculated as the proportional increase from the dry weight (kg of fluid overload / dry weight in kg × 100). Results The two analyzed groups did not differ regarding gender, age and BSA (Table). The clinical OH was significantly higher in the SH population than in the EU group (2.2 ± 1.84 vs 1.30 ± 2.16%, p &amp;lt; 0.01). In the correlation analysis, we found that clinical OH positively correlated with the number of B-lines by LUS (R = 0.2923, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and OH/ECW by BIS (R = 0.4144, p &amp;lt; 0.001), while there was a negative correlation with IVC-CI (R = −0.2597, p = 0.019). However, each method taken individually (LUS, BIS, and IVC-CI) appeared to be inaccurate in predicting fluid status in several individual cases. Although the frequency of hypertension did not differ between the SH and EU groups, uncontrolled hypertension, treatment-resistant hypertension, and hospital admission for hypertensive crises were more frequent in the SH group, with the latter being statistically significant (67% vs 0%, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, in the entire cohort, we observed a significant linear correlation between LVMI values and the average values of pre-HD systolic blood pressure recorded in the prior six months (R2 = 0.16, p = 0.002). It is worth noting that the presence of LVH at the last follow-up was significantly more prevalent in the SH group (75% vs 27%, p = 0.04). Conclusion Chronic subclinical hypervolemia, detected with a multi-method evaluation (including LUS, BIS, and IVC-CI), was significantly correlated with clinical OH and associated with a higher risk of LVH. To mitigate the intrinsic limitations of each technique, adopting two or more methods simultaneously can bypass and minimize the risk of evaluative error in assessing fluid status, and help reduce cardiovascular risk.

Liraglutide’s Effect on Weight Management in Subjects With Pre-diabetes: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

BackgroundDespite the growing literature, the effectiveness of liraglutide in weight management among individuals with prediabetes and in preventing the disease remains controversial. This study aims to critically evaluate the extent of liraglutide’s impact on weight management in this population and assess the heterogeneity among extant studies. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the reference list of retrieved studies to identify eligible English language randomized controlled trials evaluating liraglutide’s effect on weight in individuals with pre-diabetes. Non-randomized studies, studies not reporting relevant outcomes, and those conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes were excluded from this review. Outcomes included a change from baseline in absolute body weight in kg, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Additional safety outcomes were also reported. Data were analyzed using R statistical software version 4.3.1. A fixed-effect model was used when pooling crude numbers for study outcomes. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using random-effect model was performed and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. ResultsFive eligible studies were included, with a total of 1604 subjects in the liraglutide arm and 859 subjects in the control arm. Participants exposed to liraglutide showed a decrease in body weight (mean difference [MD] = −4.95 kg; 95% CI –5.16, −4.73; I2 = 93%), BMI (MD = −2.06 kg/m2; 95%CI –2.22, −1.89; I2 = 97%), waist circumference (MD = −4.61 cm; 95% CI –4.79, −4.43; I2 = 82%), HbA1c (MD = −0.33%; 95%CI –0.34, −0.31; I2 = 100%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD = −0.36 mmol/L; 95% CI –0.39, −0.33; I2 = 99%). The overall effect size remained similar when using a random-effects model for all outcomes. In addition, the rate of adverse events was higher with liraglutide when compared to the control; however, the dropout rates were relatively lower in the former arm. ConclusionWhile our meta-analysis suggests that liraglutide can reduce body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and HbA1c levels in individuals with pre-diabetes, the findings should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations such as the small number of trials and their short duration, and variability in dosages. Further randomized controlled trials examining long-term outcomes are essential to validate these findings and address the high heterogeneity among the studies included in this analysis.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of T6 Dermatome on Appetite and Weight Reduction in Obese Individuals: A Pilot Study

Background: Previous work demonstrated the beneficial effect of T6 dermatomal stimulation by the percutaneous method in managing obesity. However, a simple, cost-effective, and feasible intervention stimulating the dermatome can be a potential solution for obesity care. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of T6 dermatome on appetite and weight loss in obese individuals. Material and Methods: In this prospective single-arm experimental study, 20 obese patients received TENS treatment of T6 dermatome for 30 min, once a week and for 12 weeks. Outcome measures such as appetite level in the visual analog scale (VAS), weight in kg, and basal metabolic index (BMI) in kg/m2 were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks -post-intervention, and at 8 weeks of follow-up. Results: A statistically significant difference in all the variables was found from baseline to 12 weeks of intervention (P &lt; 0.001) and maintained till 8 weeks of follow-up. From pre- to post-treatment, the effect size for appetite reduction was large (&gt;1) while for weight and BMI loss was (0.14, 0.16), respectively small. Additionally, a weak correlation was found between pre- and follow-up appetite and weight loss (r = 0.25, P = 0.294). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of TENS treatment of T6 dermatome showed a positive effect in reducing appetite with sustained reduction up to 8 weeks of follow-up even after completion of the intervention. However, in the absence of dietary modification, TENS treatment was associated with low effect sizes weight and BMI loss.

Prediction of resting energy expenditure for adolescents with severe obesity: A multi-centre analysis.

Resting energy expenditure (REE) assessments can help inform clinical treatment decisions in adolescents with elevated body mass index (BMI), but current equations are suboptimal for severe obesity. We developed a predictive REE equation for youth with severe obesity and obesity-related comorbidities and compared results to previously published predictive equations. Data from indirect calorimetry, clinical measures, and body composition per Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected from five sites. Data were randomly divided into development (N = 438) and validation (N = 118) cohorts. A predictive equation was developed using Elastic Net regression, using sex, race, ethnicity, weight, height, BMI percent of the 95th%ile (BMIp95), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, age, Tanner stage, fat and fat-free mass. This equation was verified in the validation cohort and compared with 11 prior equations. Data from the total cohort (n = 556, age 15 ± 1.7 years, 77% female, BMIp95 3.3 ± 0.94) were utilized. The best fit equation was REE = -2048 + 18.17 × (Height in cm) - 2.57 × (Weight in kg) + 7.88 × (BMIp95) + 189 × (1 = male, 0 = female), R2 = 0.466, and mean bias of 23 kcal/day. This new equation provides an updated REE prediction that accounts for severe obesity and metabolic complications frequently observed in contemporary youth.

Determination of Whole Blood Loss From Minimally Invasive Myomectomy Using a Standardized Formula: A Pilot Study

Study ObjectiveTo determine the median perioperative blood loss (PBL) during minimally invasive surgical (MIS) myomectomy. DesignProspective pilot study. SettingLarge academic teaching hospital. PatientsThirty-one patients underwent laparoscopic or robotic myomectomy and completed a postoperative complete blood count (CBC) from November 2020 to August 2022. Patients had to have at least one fibroid greater than or equal to 3 cm on preoperative imaging. InterventionsA CBC was collected preoperatively within 7 days of surgery. Estimated blood loss (EBL) was determined by the surgeon intraoperatively. A repeat CBC was drawn between postoperative days 2 through 4. PBL was calculated using the equation PBL = (patient weight in kg × 65 cc/kg) × (preoperative hematocrit − postoperative hematocrit)/preoperative hematocrit. Measurements and Main ResultsMedian PBL (536.3 cc [270.0, 909.3]) was greater than median EBL (200.0 cc [75.0, 500.0]). PBL ranged from a net gain of 191.5 cc to net loss of 2362.5 cc. Median size of the largest fibroid on preoperative imaging was 8.8 cm (6.6, 11.5), and median weight of fibroids removed was 321 g (115, 519). About half of patients (51.6%) had one fibroid removed, and 48.4% had 2 or more fibroids removed. Five patients were converted to laparotomy, 4 from robotic approaches. Two patients required a blood transfusion. ConclusionCalculated PBL was greater than intraoperative EBL. This suggests there is continued blood loss post myometrial bed closure. Blood loss should be evaluated both during and after myomectomy, as intraoperative EBL underestimates total PBL.

One year effect of tezacaftor and ivacaftor on functional exercise capacity and muscle strength in people with cystic fibrosis

BackgroundThe 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STST) is a practical tool to evaluate physical capacity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of tezacaftor and ivacaftor on functional exercise capacity, muscle strength and symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). MethodsThe assessments were performed during the first year of tezacaftor and ivacaftor using the 1STST, 6-min walk test (6MWT), MicroFET2 dynamometer®, CF Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), body mass index (BMI), pancreatic sufficiency status, genotype and microbiologic data were also collected. ResultsFifty-four PwCF participated to the study and took at least one dose of tezacaftor-ivacaftor. Mean age was 26y±10 (±SD), median BMI 20.9 kg/m2 (interquartile range) (19.4; 23.5) and mean FEV1 82 percent of predicted values (%PV) ± 21. Significant correlations were found at baseline between the 1STST and the 6MWT (r = 0.617, p < 0.0001), the quadriceps strength (r = 0.6556, p < 0.0001) and the FEV1 (r = 0.29, p = 0.03). After one year of treatment, the 1STST increased significantly in terms of number of repetitions (n) (median 50 versus 58.5, p < 0.0001), %PV (101.1 versus 115.2%PV, p = 0.0003) and n times weight in kg (2885 versus 3389nxkg, p < 0.0001). The 6MWT distance and quadriceps strength were not modified after treatment but during the 6MWT, oxygen desaturation decreased significantly. FEV1, BMI, CFQ-R, LCQ improved as previously demonstrated. ConclusionAfter one year of tezacaftor and ivacaftor, the 1STST improves, suggesting that the 1STST seems more responsive than the 6MWT and the MicroFET2 dynamometer® to assess the effects of CFTR modulators.

Correlation of anthropometric measurements with pretransfusion haemoglobin in transfusion dependent thalassemia major children

Background: The etio-pathogenesis of growth failure in transfusion dependent thalassemia major (TDTM) children is mainly because of chronic anemia, iron overload and endocrine complications. Aim was to determine the association between anthropometric measurements with pre-transfusion haemoglobin in TDTM children. Methods: Present cross-sectional study included total 55 children between 5-18 years of age who were diagnosed as TDTM. Mean pre transfusion hemoglobin of last 1 year was obtained from previous medical records. Anthropometric measurements like weight in kg and height in cm measured while body mass index (BMI) was calculated using standard formula in each patient. Weight for age, height for age, and BMI were plotted on WHO 2006 and Indian academy of paediatrics 2015 combined growth charts in terms of percentile. Data was analysed statistically. Results: Total 55 children of TDTM between 5-18 years of age were studied. The mean age was 10.42(4.07) years. The mean weight (kg), height (cm) and BMI was 23.76 (7.5), 123.94 (18.13) and 15.24 (1.76) respectively. Fifty-one (92.73%) children were having BMI less than 3rd centile (Underweight). Forty (93.02%) and 11 (91.66%) children between age group of 5-10 years and more than 10 years were underweight and was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Total 50 (94.33%) children were having mean pre transfusion hemoglobin below 9 gm/dl who were underweight which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Low pre-transfusion hemoglobin is one of the risk factors for growth failure in children with TDTM and it should be maintained above 9 gm/dl may for normal growth in children with TDTM.

Correlation of Prostate Volume, Uroflowmetry Variables and BMI in Patients Having Clinical Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) causing urinary obstruction is a common entity in a man over 40 years old. Enlarge prostate causes compression of the prostatic part of the urethra leading to bladder outflow obstruction, causes LUTs (lower urinary tract symptoms) of BPH and decreases quality of life.Objectives: To find out the correlation of prostate volume, and BMI with Uroflowmetry variables, of patients having BPH symptoms.Materials and Methods: A total of 44 patients having BPH symptoms, ages ranging from 48 to 85 years, who underwent transabdominal ultrasound and uroflowmetry in a standing position, were included in this study. The patients were divided into 4 age groups and 4 grades of prostate size for comparison. Height in cm and weight in Kg were recorded for BMI calculation.Results: Among the patients, the mean age was 66.25, with a mean prostate size of 39.73 g, with a Qmax of 14.45 ml/sec, Qave 5.96 ml/sec, mean voided volume 327.14 ml and PVR 57.91 ml with mean flow time 61 sec.In age group l, there were 3 patients, ages ranged 40 to 50 years. In age group ll, there were 11 patients, age range 51 to 60 years. In age group lll, there were 17 patients, ages ranged 61 to 70 years. In age group lV, there were 13 patients, age range 71 to 84 years. In grade l of prostate size (prostate &lt;30 g), there were 13 patients. In grade ll prostate size (prostate 30-&lt;50 g ), there were 25 patients. In grade lll, prostate size (50- &lt;85 g), there were 4 patients. In grade lV (prostate size is &gt;85 g), there were 2 patients. No significant difference was found among 4 age groups and 4 grades of prostate volume. However, there was a weak correlation between prostate size and uroflowmetry variables without a significant difference.Conclusion: There was a correlation between prostate volume and different uroflowmetry variables of age-related groups and grades of the prostate but the correlation was weak. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 03, October 2023: 138-144.

Decision tree in Obesity Level Classification of Northern Technical University Students

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth and adolescents is a concerning trend in many countries. This poses a significant threat to current and future healthcare systems due to the associated risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and even mortality. Developing effective strategies for preventing these conditions and understanding their origins are crucial. Creating predictive models for overweight and obesity in young individuals and their related outcomes holds immense value, and machine learning models have proven to be valuable tools for this purpose. The main objective of this study is to construct a data-driven model that can forecast the likelihood of overweight or obesity in youngsters. HTo achieve this, the researchers employed Decision tree analysis using the Rapid Miner program. This analysis aimed to determine the extent to which various human variables contribute to obesity and how accurately these factors can classify individuals into different obesity index categories based on their determined body mass(body weight in kg divided by the square of body length in meters). For this study, a body mass of &lt;= 24.9 kg.m-2 was considered normal weight (obesity index = 0), while a body mass above 24.9 kg.m-2 indicated overweight (obesity index = 1), The attributes related to student activity and nutrition were utilized as inputs for the Decision tree models, and the outputs were the obesity index classifications. The results of the investigation demonstrated successful classification of obesity levels, with an efficiency rate of 94.16%. This indicates that the data attributes used in the study were highly accurate in determining the obesity index.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Neonates: A study in two Tertiary Care Hospitals of Bangladesh

Hypertension is a condition which is usually not common in neonates. If hypertension can be detected early in neonates it is possible to decrease morbidity and mortality in future by taking appropriate measures. This cross sectional study was carried out in two tertiary care hospitals to find out the prevalence of hypertension in neonates. Study period was from July, 2017 to June 2018. To determine the prevalence of neonatal hypertension, 600 neonates were included. Blood pressure was measured by using neonatal cuff; on three occasions at same visit at least 5 minutes interval while neonates were quiet and awake. Out of the 600 neonates only two had hypertension (0.33%). Both hypertensive neonates were male and detected in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The prevalence of hypertension in term and preterm neonates were 0.57% and 0.23% respectively. Paired samples test of blood pressure of neonates showed significant value with birth weight in kg and gestational age in weeks. Linear regression showed increase blood pressure with increasing gestational age of neonates. In this study 95% of neonates had blood pressure at or lower than reference value. It can be concluded from the present study that early diagnosis of hypertension during neonatal period will help to control childhood hypertension and prevent future morbidity and mortality. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(2):106-111.

A cognitive behavioural mHealth intervention for families in the postpartum period to enhance weight management, mental well-being and resilience – a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (I‑PREGNO)

Introduction: The postpartum period goes along with an increased risk of unhealthy weight gain and numerous physical and psychological challenges, which are associated with mental well-being and resilience. Given the individual circumstances and the accompanying time constraints, evidence-based mHealth interventions may be useful for flexible, spot-on complementary care. Thus, the mHealth app I-PREGNO aims to enhance mental well-being and resilience by offering cognitive-behavioural and behaviour change skills training to prevent unhealthy weight development in this vulnerable life episode. In a randomised controlled trial, we will examine its effectiveness and acceptance. Protocol: Parents of infants between 0 and 12 months will be randomised to the intervention or control group. Both groups will take part in a baseline survey (t0) and further assessments after 12 weeks (intervention duration, t1), and 6 months (t2). The intervention group will use the self-guided mHealth app after t0 and both groups will get unlimited access after t2. The primary outcomes will be i) weight (difference of weight in kg after the intervention and pre-pregnancy); ii) mental well-being assessed through the Edinburgh-Postnatal-Depression-Scale and Parenting Stress Index; iii) resilience assessed through the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Secondary outcomes will be sociodemographic variables, eating behaviour, physical activity, relationship experiences, childhood trauma, postpartum bonding, regulatory disorders, and app usability. Gender differences between mothers and fathers will be considered. Conclusion: Positive effects on weight development in the postpartum period, mental well-being, and resilience due to the I-PREGNO intervention will support parental health in the critical postpartum phase. The study results will contribute to the growing field of evidence-based, highly scalable, low-cost, geographically independent, just-in-time mobile support for a target group that is restricted in time and resources. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00031067) in January 2023 prospectively.

Beneficial role of ferulic acid supplementation on lipid profile status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistent elevated blood sugar concentrations and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Several functional foods and naturally occurring compounds derived from plants have therapeutic potential for managing diabetes and its associated metabolic abnormalities of lipids. Ferulic acid is a bioactive compound present in numerous functional foods. It provides an extensive array of health advantages, encompassing a diverse spectrum of benefits.Objective:The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 50 mg/kg body weight of Ferulic acid (FA50) on the lipid profile status in diabetic rats induced with Streptozotocin (STZ).Materials and methods: Experimental diabetes was created on male albino Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were categorized into five distinct groups- Normal (Group 1), Normal+ FA50 (Group 2), Diabetic control (Group 3), Diabetic + FA50 (Group 4), and Diabetic + Glibenclamide (Group 5). Diabetes was induced in Group 3, 4, and 5 by administering an I.P (intraperitoneal) injection of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). Rats of groups 2 and 4 were orally administered with 50 mg of FA per rat’s body weight in Kg. Group 5 was treated with Glibenclamide (5 mg/ Kg body weight) daily for two months. On the 60th day, rats from all groups were euthanized, and blood samples were gathered for the purpose of conducting biochemical assessments.Results: The injection of STZ resulted in a significant increase in blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile markers in the experimental rats. Oral administration of Ferulic acid and Glibenclamide drug to diabetic rats significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lowered hyperglycemia, triglycerides, and total cholesterol compared to the diabetic control group. Moreover, the administration of Ferulic acid significantly increased the levels of HDL-cholesterol and regulated the Apo lipoprotein A1- Apo lipoprotein B levels.Conclusion: The current research demonstrates the advantageous impact of Ferulic acid in improving lipid-related metabolic complications associated with diabetes.Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Ferulic acid, Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Lipid profile

Association between body mass index and dental caries among public primary school pupils in a southern-Nigerian metropolis

Background: The relationships between BMI and caries have been observed in many previous studies. Some studies have reported that normal and underweight children were at higher risk for dental caries compared to those who were overweight. Conversely, other studies have also reported that overweight/obese children were at higher risk. Yet, others concluded there was no association between BMI and dental caries. However, this information is sparse among children in South-South, Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the relationships between BMI status and dental caries among public primary school children in Port Harcourt. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study among selected primary school pupils in Port Harcourt. Information elicited included socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of refined sugar consumption. BMI was calculated using the following formula: weight in kg/ height in meters squared. Based on BMI scores, the children were classified into four categories; underweight (BMI ≤5th percentile), normal weight (BMI &gt;5th and ˂85th percentile), overweight (BMI ≥85th and ˂95th percentile), and obese (BMI ≥95th percentile). Oral examination was conducted to assess for dental caries, which was recorded using DMFT/dmft index. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the level of significance was p&lt;0.05 Results: One hundred and eighty-nine pupils participated, comprising 100(52.9%) females and 89(47.1%) males, with a median age of 11 years. Prevalence of caries was 13.8%. The mean DMFT/dmft among the children was 1.6 (±0.9). Mother’s and Father’s levels of education were the statistically significant factors (p = 0.01). BMI was however not statistically significant (p = 0.06). Conclusion: BMI was not statistically significant in its association with dental caries, but more of normal and overweight children were prone to dental caries compared to the underweight children.

A Proposed Predictive Equation for Energy Expenditure Estimation Among Noncritically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is identified more frequently in noncritical compared with intensive care settings. The prognosis of malnourished AKI patients is far worse than those with normal nutritional status. However, a method for estimating the optimal amount of energy required to guide nutritional support among noncritically ill AKI patients is yet to be determined. We evaluated the performance of weight-based formulas (20-30kcal/kg/day) with the reference values of energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) among noncritically ill AKI patients during hospitalization. The statistics for assessing agreement, including total deviation index and accuracy within 10% represent the percentage of estimations falling within the IC value range of ±10%, were tested. Parameters for predicting the EE equation were also developed using a regression analysis model. A total of 40 noncritically ill AKI patients were recruited. The mean age of participants was 62.5±16.5years with 50% being male. The average IC-derived EE was 1,124.6±278.9kcal/day with respiratory quotients 0.8-1.3, indicating good validity of the IC test. Receiving dialysis, protein catabolic rate, and age was not significantly associated with measured EE. Nearly all weight-based formulas overestimated measured EE. The magnitude of total deviation index values was broad with the proportion of patients achieving an accuracy of 10% being as low as 20%. The proposed equation to predict EE derived from this study was EE (kcal/day)=618.27+(8.98 x weight in kg)+137.0 if diabetes - 199.7 if female (r2=0.68, P<.001). In the validation study with an independent group of noncritically ill AKI patients, predicted EE using the newly derived equation was also significantly correlated with measured EE by IC (r=0.69, P=.004). Estimation of EE by weight-based formulas usually overestimated measured EE among noncritically ill AKI patients. In the absence of IC, the proposed predictive equation, specifically for noncritically ill AKI patients might be useful, in addition to weight-based formulas, for guiding caloric dosing in clinical practice.

Anthropometric Predictors of Appropriate-Sized Plastibell for Neonatal Circumcision.

Using anthropometric parameters to determine the appropriate Plastibell size before circumcision ensures that cumbersome carrying of all the sizes before each procedure is eliminated and also complications reduced. Male neonates who presented for routine circumcision by Plastibell method were recruited. Collected on a proforma were their age in days, weight in Kg, stretched penile length (SPL) in cm, penile diameter (PD) in cm and the Plastibell size used by the "circumciser". The routine circumcision was carried out for each neonate according to protocol. P value was set at <0.05. There were 231 neonates who had Plastibell circumcision. Their mean age, weight, SPL and PD were 15.6(±5.73) days, 3.7(±0.58) Kg, 3.66 (±0.58) cm and 3.79 (±0.64) cm, respectively. Plastibell size 1.3 is the most used (53.6%). There was a positive correlation between weight, SPL, PD, on one hand and Plastibell size , on the other hand with P-values of <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001 respectively. The weight was a weak determinant for Plastibell sizes 1.1 and 1.3: (OR 7.104; 95% CI 1.108 - 45.559; P = .039) and (OR 2.044; 95% CI 1.054 - 3.963; P = .034) respectively. The SPL is also a weak predictor for Plastibell sizes 1.2 and 1.5: (OR 2.176; 95% CI 1.136 -4.136; P = .019) and (OR .043; 95% CI .072 - .984; P = .047), respectively. The anthropometric parameters correlate well with Plastibell sizes. However, they are not effective in predicting the appropriate sized Plastibell for neonatal circumcision.

A case of a favorable outcome of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree, complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and exotoxic shock (clinical observation)

Introduction. The article considers a case of a favorable outcome of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree, complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and exotoxic shock.&#x0D; Clinical observation. An episode of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree (baclofen, (4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl) is presented-butyric acid – &#x0D; ethylglucuronide &gt;2000 mg/ml), methadone 83 mg/ml, methylenedioxypyrovaleron 57 ng/ml, complicated by the development of exotoxic shock in a 32-year-old patient. The clinical picture of acute poisoning was manifested by depression of consciousness to the level of coma II, acute respiratory failure, mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis (pH 7.18; partial pressure of carbon dioxide 64.0 mmHg, lactic acidosis &#x0D; up to 5 mmol/l), swelling of the brain, exotoxic shock (BP – 60/20 mmHg, heart rate – 110 beats per minute).&#x0D; Intensive therapy included: respiratory, infusion, detoxification, anticoagulation, antibacterial therapy, correction of acid-base state disorders, water-electrolyte balance, nutritional support, normalization &#x0D; of metabolic disorders through the use of a substrate antihypoxant. The calculation of the required &#x0D; amount of sodium bicarbonate was carried out according to the Mellengaard-Astrup formula: the amount of mmol of sodium bicarbonate is equal to the product of VE • body weight in kg • 0.3. According &#x0D; to the calculation, the amount of required bicarbonate was 195 mmol, that is, in terms of 5% bicarbonate solution – 195 ml.&#x0D; Conclusion. As a result of basic resuscitation care in the form of artificial lung ventilation, correction of mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis by using sodium bicarbonate, infusion therapy to correct hypovolemia, ensuring optimal perfusion of organs and tissues, elimination of key links of hypoxia by using cytoflavin, improvement of rheological properties of blood and symptomatic therapy allowed for a favorable outcome of severe poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances complicated by the development of exotoxic shock.

A farmer-friendly tool for estimation of weights of pigs kept by smallholder farmers in Uganda

Pig keeping is important to the livelihoods of many rural Ugandans. Pigs are typically sold based on live weight or a carcass weight derived from this; however this weight is commonly estimated due to the lack of access to scales. Here, we explore the development of a weigh band for more accurate weight determination and potentially increased farmer bargaining power on sale price. Pig weights and varied body measurements (heart girth, height, and length) were collected on 764 pigs of different ages, sex, and breed types, from 157 smallholder pig keeping households in Central and Western Uganda. Mixed-effects linear regression analyses, with household as a random effect and the varied body measurements as a fixed effect, were performed to determine the best single predictor for cube root of weight (transformation of weight for normality), for 749 pigs ranging between 0 and 125 kg. The most predictive single body measurement was heart girth, where weight in kg = (0.4011 + heart girth in cm × 0.0381)3. This model was found to be most suitable for pigs between 5 and 110 kg, notably more accurate than farmers’ estimates, but still with somewhat broad confidence intervals (for example, ±11.5 kg for pigs with a predicted weight of 51.3 kg). We intend to pilot test a weigh band based on this model before deciding on whether it is suitable for wider scaling.

Evaluation of lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus on different treatment

This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the level of serum lipid profile in type II diabetic patients with different treatment by measuring the level of total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and to compare them with the level of non –diabetic and normotensive volunteers selected as control (group 1). Methods: This study included (64) patients with type II diabetes ,and (12)healthy control subjects (group 1). Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their treatment :group 2 (n=12) diabetic patients on diet therapy only; group 3 (n=16) patients on combined treatment with insulin and metformine ,group 4 (n=18) patients on daonil only, group 5 (n=18) on insulin only. Blood samples were obtained from all diabetic patients and control subjects after over night fasting (14-16 hrs) and serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose were done for the patients and control. Weight, height &amp; body mass index were calculated according to the equation weight in kg/(height)2 in meter. Result; The result revealed that serum total cholesterol, was significantly raised in diabetic subjects as compared to control. There was no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, and serum TG between group 1 and 3, also no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, between group 1 and 5. Conclusion: It was concluded that the efficacy of the administration of metformin and insulin simultaneously without negative effects. No changes in serum HDL-C. Thus ,early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipideamia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes