Weight Fraction Of Reinforcement Research Articles

Preparation and characterization of ox bone powder and bamboo fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites

Composite materials are one of the fastest growing when compared with metal, ceramic, and polymer due to their high specific strength, stiffness, and versatile application in various fields. This study aimed to develop an ox bone powder and bamboo fiber-reinforced hybrid epoxy composite for stock and bumper applications and investigate the effect of the reinforcements on the composite’s mechanical properties. The reinforcements used in this work were random orientations of animal bone (ox) powder of 75 microns and bamboo fiber. The matrix used for this work was epoxy resin. Composite materials were prepared using the hand layup method with a 40% weight fraction of reinforcement (bone powder and bamboo fiber) and a 60% weight fraction of epoxy resin matrix. Five different combinations of bone powder and bamboo fiber with a fixed amount of epoxy resin were used for this work. The combinations of bamboo fiber and bone powder were: 40% bamboo fiber with 0% bone powder; 30% bamboo fiber with 10% bone powder; 20% bamboo fiber with 20% bone powder; and 0% bamboo fiber with 40% bone powder. The mechanical properties studied were compressive strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. In addition, water absorption was studied for all combinations. The maximum results of the flexural and impact strengths were 278.91 MPa and 7.5 J/m, respectively, at a 0:40 (bone powder: bamboo fiber) composite. The maximum compressive strength and the lowest absorption obtained were 283.3 MPa and 1.05%, respectively, at the 40:0 (bone powder: bamboo fiber) composite. For the hybrid composite case, optimal flexural and impact strengths were 236.72 MPa and 6.66 J/m, respectively, and water absorption was 1.52% at 10:30 (bone powder: bamboo fiber). Since reasonable flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption were obtained with the hybrid composite of 10:30 (bone powder: bamboo fiber), this combination of the hybrid composite is recommended for stock and bumper applications.

Experimental Investigations and Optimum Performance Evaluation of Wire-EDM Characteristics of Aluminium 6061-Magnesite Composites

It is essential to determine the most suitable machining method for magnesite-reinforced Aluminium 6061 composites, which possess excellent mechanical properties, especially notable tensile strength and hardness. The composites were produced using a stir-casting technique, incorporating reinforcements of lightly-calcined magnesite, dead burnt magnesite, and waste magnesite in weight fractions of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% within an aluminium 6061 matrix. Wire electrical discharge machining was employed to investigate the machining characteristics of these composites, using controllable process parameters such as cutting speed, pulse-on and pulse-off times, and the weight fraction of magnesites. Two performance indicators such as surface roughness and material removal rate were tested for various parameter combinations by central composite design. To comprehend the impact of the study parameters, contour charts were drawn. MRR increases at a high cutting speed of 2 mm/min when the pulse-on time changes from 120 μs to 125 μs. SR increases when the pulse-on times above 120 μs at all cutting speeds. High cutting speeds make high MRR irrespective of the weight fractions of reinforcement. High pulse-on times make the material melt more, which increases the material removal rate. Because specimen surface material erodes quickly and forms microcracks, high pulse-on time also results in high surface roughness. To optimize the WEDM machining conditions for each composite, hybrid SSO-DF and DFO-DF optimizers were developed by combining the desirability function with Salp-swarm optimization and Dragonfly optimization algorithms. The cutting speed of 2 mm/min and the pulse-on time of 114 μs produce the best performances on the composites.

Free vibration analysis of hybrid CNT/GPL-reinforced Porous composite plates under fluid-loading

The present study aims to explore free vibration analysis of hybrid reinforced porous composite plates subjected to fluid loading. The hybrid composite comprises a porous core layer covered by two reinforced porous face sheets. Graphene Platelets (GPLs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as reinforcement materials. The linear three-dimensional piezo-elasticity theory is employed to model the structural part of the system, while the classical Rayleigh integral is used to obtain the fluid interaction part. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed model are validated by comparing the calculated natural frequencies of the plate in vacuum and water-loaded conditions with those reported in the literature. For the first time, several parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of dimension ratios, porosity distributions, reinforcement dispersion pattern, porosity coefficient, and weight fraction of nanofiller on the natural frequency of hybrid reinforced porous composites. The results indicate that adjusting the porosity and weight fraction of the face sheets can enhance stiffness without changing the mass, emphasizing the importance of hybrid composites for achieving optimal stiffness while maintaining a constant mass. Furthermore, the influence of core layer porosity distributions on the composite behavior differs from that of porosity distributions in the face layers. Additionally, the effectiveness of the reinforcement pattern depends on the type of porosity distribution in the face layers.

The mechanical and tribological properties of composites of nanographene and an aluminium-metal matrix were studied, as was their corrosion behaviour, in order to develop materials suitable for use as shielding materials

In this investigation, pitting corrosion methods were used to investigate the corrosion behaviour of nanographene oxide-reinforced aluminium-copper metal matrix composites. S1 (AL 100% + 0% Cu + 0% Nano Graphene), S2 (AL 91% + 7% Cu + 2% Nano Graphene), S3 (AL 82% + 14% Cu + 4% Nano Graphene), and S4 (AL 73% + 21% Cu + 6% Nano Graphene) were the sample compositions. Ultrasonic stir casting was utilised to produce the aluminium-copper-nanographene composites. Nanographene was analysed with BET to determine its surface area, porosity volume, etc. The effects of nanographene oxide weight fraction on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium-copper composites were investigated. The surface texture of the corroded material was evaluated with an atomic force microscope, and the hardness was measured with a Vicker's microhardness tester. The results of the experiment revealed that the corrosion rate decreased as the percentage of nanoparticles in the matrix increased up to S3 composition. The microhardness values increased as the weight fractions of reinforcements in the matrix increased. And additional mechanical tests, such as tensile, wear, and flexural, to ascertain the composites' mechanical behaviour.

Sliding Wear Behavior of Pineapple Leaf/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

AbstractIn this work, the effect of the kind of reinforcement on the sliding wear performance of a polyester matrix composite reinforced with glass fiber and pineapple leaf fiber is investigated. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of the type of reinforcement on the sliding wear performance of a polyester matrix composite reinforced with glass fiber and pineapple leaf fiber. By using hot press molding and the 30% weight fraction of fiber reinforcement, polyester composites with four distinct compositions—PPP, GGG, PGP, and GPG—have been created. These composites' dry sliding wear experiment is carried out using a Pin on Disc wear testing device. The following parameters are used in experiments: a track radius of 50 mm, a sliding distance (SD) of 500 m, an applied load of 50, 70, or 90 N, and a sliding velocity of 3.14, 4.71, or 6.28 m s−1. For dedicated (PPP, GGG) and hybrid (PGP, GPG) polyester composites, the effects of load, sliding velocity (SV), and wear rate (WR) are studied. At 50 N and 3.14 m s−1 the COF for PPP and GGG dedicated composites is 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, whereas for PGP and GPG hybrid composites, it is 0.41 and 0.64. The PGP/GPG hybrid composites have a minimal wear rate of 3.34e‐8 m3 s−1 and are 80% more effective than dedicated composites. Utilizing the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, regression models are created to optimize the influence of various parameters, such as load, sliding velocity, and composition. Results of confirmation tests show excellent agreement with predictions generated using the developed mathematical model.

Empirical modeling of profile roughness parameters during end milling of aluminium alloy 5052/tungsten carbide/graphite hybrid composite

AbstractThis study presents an empirical modeling approach to reveal the effect of end milling parameters on the profile roughness parameters. Aluminium hybrid composite was melt‐stir die cast into the required work material, setting a predetermined weight fraction of reinforcements. The experimental design was adopted using the Taguchi meta‐heuristic algorithm for the selection of the levels of the end milling parameters. The profile roughness parameters namely arithmetic average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and mean roughness depth (Rz) were considered as output responses, which were measured using stylus type surface roughness tester. Non‐linear second‐order empirical models were formulated and from them, the profile response parameters were predicted with 95 % accuracy. The results revealed that the depth of cut and spindle speed are contributing 54.22 % and 38.6 % respectively among the selected input parameters on the cumulative output.

Investigation of machining characteristics and surface integrity for trim cut WEDM of hybrid metal matrix composite [Al 6061, SiC, and TiB2

This study is focused on fabrication of Hybrid Al6061/SiC + TiB2 MMC by stir casting process, primarily to study the effect of two different reinforcement particles on mechanical properties and microstructure. Additionally, the assessment of surface integrity has been attempted after machining the composite by trim cut WEDM process. Five samples have been fabricated with varied weight fraction of SiC and TiB2 reinforcement, keeping total weight percentage of reinforcement particles fixed to 10%. It is observed that Hybrid MMC with composition Al6061 (90%), SiC (2.5%), and TiB2 (7.5%) shows better mechanical properties which is corroborated by both the optical microscopy and SEM. A screening experiment has been designed using fold over fractional factorial technique (with resolution IV), to investigate the parametric effects on surface integrity features, i.e., surface roughness, spark gap, and recast layer for trim cut WEDM operation. Peak current (Ip) and pulse on time (Ton) have been found to be the significant parameters for spark gap as well as surface roughness. It is observed that the trim cut operation improved the surface roughness and reduced it to 2.2 µm from 3.93 µm (after rough cut). Recast layer has been reduced to a value of 4.67 µm after trim operation, from 24.6 µm for rough cut. These findings suggest that trim cut strategy is very effective in improving the surface integrity of the rough-cut machined samples. It is also observed that thickness of recast layer is directly proportional to the discharge energy during trim cutting.

Estimation of flexural modulus of layer graded polymer nanocomposite using finite element and micromechanics approach

The effective bending modulus of layer-graded polymer nanocomposites (LGPNCs) was investigated using finite element modeling (FEM). Five uniform layers of LGPNCs were prepared with varying weight fractions of alumina as the filler material and epoxy as the matrix, ranging from 0% to 1% along their thicknesses. MATLAB code was developed to create representative volume element (RVE) samples, and ANSYS APDL was used for the analysis. The study examined the effect of the shape, weight fraction, and orientation of the nanorod reinforcement on the effective flexural modulus of LGPNCs and polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). The study explored the influence of the interface between the matrix and the nanofillers on the effective modulus of LGPNCs. The simulations results revealed that cylindrical nanorod led to enhanced bending strength in LGPNCs, while such improvements were not observed with spherical nanofillers. The results were compared to the modified Mori-Tanaka (MT) method and showed a high degree of agreement.

Influence of SiC nanoparticle contents on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of AZ91D magnesium matrix composites synthesised through a combination of a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic vibration

In this current study, an integrated approach involving a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic treatment processing was employed to fabricate AZ91D magnesium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with various concentrations of SiC nanoparticles (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%). The influence of the nanoparticle feeding method and the weight fraction of reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D/SiC composites was thoroughly examined. The microstructural analysis revealed that the implementation of a master pellet feeding approach resulted in a relatively uniform dispersion of SiC nanoparticles within the primary α–Mg phase, whereas the original nanoparticle feeding method led to noticeable particle agglomeration in the microstructure. Additionally, with an increasing weight fraction of SiC nanoparticles, the primary α-Mg grain became finer and the β-Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase turned smaller. The hardness and tensile properties of AZ91D/SiC composites were significantly enhanced with increasing SiC contents. The addition of 2.0 wt% SiC reinforcements to the AZ91D magnesium alloy resulted in a maximal hardness increase of 41 %. Nevertheless, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (%EL) decreased when the SiC content exceeded 2.0 wt% due to the presence of increased porosity content and particle clusters in the microstructure. Notably, the AZ91D/1.5 wt% SiC composite exhibited promising tensile properties, with yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (%EL) values of 151 MPa, 192 MPa, and 4.54 %, respectively.

Experimental investigation of powder mixed electrical discharge machining of LM-25/SiC composites: A response surface methodology coupled with desirability approach

ABSTRACT In the last few years, many experiments have been done on lightweight Al and SiCp MMCs for aerospace and automotive applications. The results have been consistent in the development of structural and super alloys. Present work explores the performance characteristics of powder mix EDM by machining Al, LM-25 alloy with various weight fractions of reinforcement (0%, 5%, and 10% SiC) and variable electrode material. The impact of heat treatment on the microstructure of Al LM-25/10%SiC MMC has also been examined. Experimental investigation has been conducted to examine the machine response by adjusting the process parameters by employing the statistical design of RSM. The machining characteristics have been estimated to assess the machine response, namely metal removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR), which are closely related to process variables, discharge current (I p), pulse on time (Ton), servo voltage (V), different tool materials, varying work materials, and differing concentrations of abrasive particles. The ANOVA results show that tool material is the most crucial parameter for MRR, accounting for 11.90% of the total, followed by other process variables, and the pulse on time for TWR, accounting for 5.94% of the total. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to examine the macrostructure of machined MMCs. A chemical microanalysis technique such as Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the phase composition of the materials and material dispersion. Additionally, the desirability technique was used to identify the optimum machining conditions.

Experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of jute/glass fiber composite infused with MWCNT

Composite materials have attracted significant attention due to their superior properties, and this has led to extensive research in the field. To enhance their performance and reduce costs, hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers has become increasingly popular. The current study investigates the mechanical behaviour of jute and glass hybrid composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) particles. The composites were manufactured with varying reinforcement fractions (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%), and their tensile and flexural strength were evaluated. Additionally, the study examined the influence of hybridization between jute and glass fibers with different fiber stacking sequences, fiber orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°), and various nano filler percentages. The results indicate a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of composites with increasing reinforcement weight fraction. Specifically, the tensile strength improved by 25% and flexural strength improved by 30% with a reinforcement weight fraction of up to 1 wt%, after which decreasing values were observed due to the agglomeration of nano particles in the matrix. These findings contribute to an understanding of the mechanical behaviour of jute and glass hybrid composites reinforced with MWCNT particles and provide insights for the development of advanced composite materials.

Evaluation of Wear Behaviour Based on Mechanical Properties and Particle Size in LM26 MMC

Abstract Based on its superior casting and mechanical properties, LM26 is a well-known material in the automobile sector for the manufacturing of pistons for both diesel and gasoline engines. However, cast alloys diminishing the strength at higher temperatures leads to metal matrix composites. The present work deals with fabrication and characterisation of aluminium cast alloy LM26 reinforced with ceramic particles of Almandine Garnet with varying percentages fabricated by dual step stir casting technique The micro hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were determined and the sliding wear behaviour was estimated using a pin-on-disc apparatus. The effect of particle size and weight fraction of reinforcement on physical and mechanical properties were investigated and collated with unreinforced metal. Wear behaviour of the composite had a reasonably good correlation with composite mechanical properties were also observed. Validation of Experimental results with theoretical values were also discussed.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Carbonized Eggshell Ash (CESA)

A useful alloying agent for aluminium-based composites is eggshell powder, which has a well-deserved reputation for hardness. Aluminium cans and eggshells are regarded as waste and a pollutant because they are no longer needed. Conversion of wastes into useful products will be of economic boost for a nation and make the environment clean. Eggshell particles were studied for their reinforcing properties in a waste aluminium alloy in this study. An eggshell particle of 150 µm in size and a weight fraction of 2%, 4.4%; 6.6%; 8.8%; and 10% was incorporated into aluminium produced from recycled aluminium wastes during casting. A Light Emission Polyvac Spectrometer was used to determine the alloy's constituent makeup. The required experimental procedures and tools were used to measure the tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength. Using a weight fraction of reinforcement of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, tensile strength was found to be 78.07098MPa; 81.09587MPa; 83.04546MPa; 86.12769MPa; and 89.12769MPa respectively. Hardness values of 75.25Hv, 77.03Hv, 78.27Hv, 80.15Hv, and 85.72Hv were obtained at the same specified% weight fraction. Impact strength values of 12.64J, 10.08J, 7.39J, 7.12J, and 7.39J were obtained at the same composition. It may be inferred that the mechanical characteristics of the aluminium alloy reinforced with eggshell particles improved considerably with the number of eggshell particles used and the study, therefore, converted waste to worth.

Synthesis and characterization of structural metal matrix composite using agricultural waste targeting for environmental sustainability

Coconut shell is one of the major agricultural wastes like rice husk, corn hub, groundnut shell etc., which can be found in abundance in various countries those have significant potential in agricultural sector. In the recent times, it has been found that these kind of agricultural wastes are effectively utilized by recycling them targeting for various engineering and scientific applications and in turn to achieve environmental sustainability. In the present study, the mechanical behavior of aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA) and silicon carbide is investigated. The composite specimens are fabricated by stir casting technique under normal atmospheric conditions with different weight fractions of reinforcements. The as cast specimens are heated to 500°C and maintained for four hours followed by normal cooling and subsequent aging at 170°C for two hours. Microstructural examination of the composites confirmed the uniform distribution of reinforcements and grain boundaries with no significant agglomeration. Properties such as mass density, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength are computed in order to appraise the mechanical behaviour of composites. The results revealed the fact that, with increasing the quantity of CSA in reinforcing phase, the ultimate tensile strength is increased and hardness is decreased. On the other side, the percentage of elongation is improved marginally and stiffness decreased. Inclusion of CSA offered significant influence on the mechanical behavior of Al-SiC-CSA hybrid composites. To some extent, AA 6061/CSA competes with AA 6061/SiCp in mechanical behavior rather than hybrid composites because of lack in both chemical and structural affinity between the reinforcements.

Experimental Study on Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites with B<sub>4</sub>C through Different Techniques

Recently, aluminum alloys are extensively used in automobile and aeronautical industries due to its low density and excellent mechanical properties. The aim of this research work is to focus on develop an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with boron carbide particulates under different weight percentages by squeeze casting route. To obtain better results, it is essential to control the process variables involved in the process. The primary work focused to optimize the process variables involved in the fabrication of the composites using full factorial design. The experiments were carried out with various input parameters like squeeze pressure of 50, 100 and 150Mpa, melting temperature of 700, 750 and 800°C and weight fraction of reinforcement of 6, 8 and 10% using L27 orthogonal array. The significant parameters were identified by analysis of variance table and regression analysis was used to model the mathematical relationship for obtaining better mechanical properties. Final results reveal that, mechanical properties of 218VHN hardness and 412MPa tensile strength had been obtained based on the optimum combination levels. Also AA7075-B4C composites produced through this route with enhanced properties could be used as an alternative material for high strength structural applications like connecting rod, control arms, steering knuckle and other parts.

The influence of sustainable reinforcing particulates on the density, hardness and corrosion resistance of AA 6063 matrix composites

The need for the fabrication of sustainable aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) is being sought after as practical alternatives to conventional metals and their alloys. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sustainable materials on the mechanical, physical and corrosion resistant properties of AA 6063. The weight fraction of the hybrid reinforcements was varied at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 wt.%. For each variation, the fly ash and eggshells were weighed equally. The fabrication route selected was stir casting. The analysis of the density showed that the property decreased with increasing weight fraction of the hybrid reinforcements. Evaluation of the microhardness revealed hardness values of 78.13, 81.19, 81.54, 82.14, and 86.71 HV for the base metal, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 wt.% samples respectively. The corrosion resistant properties were studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium. The investigation showed that the reinforced AMCs exhibited improved corrosion resistance compared to the base metal. However, the 7.5 wt.% sample exhibited the least corrosion rate of 8.649 X 10-5 g/h.

Investigation of structural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of steel 316L reinforcement by hBN and TiC particles

The powder metallurgy process is commonly used to produce nanocomposite samples so that, their properties depend on the process parameters and the weight fraction of reinforcements. In the current study, producing metal matrix nanocomposite with steel 316L as a matrix and mixing of hBN/TiC nanoparticles as a reinforcement is conducted. The total weight percentages of reinforcements are 6% wt and 8% wt (i.e. with an equal proportion for each nanoparticle). The powders were mixed for 10 h and then compacted at different pressures (300 MPa and 400 MPa) by cold isostatic pressure (CIP) conditions. The compacted powders were sintered at different temperatures (1350 °C and 1450 °C), and times (2 h and 4 h) in the furnace. The microstructural analysis of nanocomposite was performed by SEM, XRD, EDX, DTA, and also FT-IR tests. The results showed that by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles the microhardness and wear rate improved and, on the contrary, the flexural strength and corrosion rate decreased. The optimum result for the microhardness and wear rate were achieved when the sample contains 8% wt nanoparticles, compacted at 400 MPa and sintered at 1350 °C for 4 h. As well, the highest flexural strength and corrosion rate belong to the sample compacted and sintered at 400 MPa, 1450 °C for 2 h.

Damping behaviour and self-healing performance evaluation of microcapsules reinforced epoxy composites by impulse excitation technique

Micro cracks developed in the composite structures can be repaired autonomously by incorporating microcapsules-based self-healing approach into the composites. In the current study, in order to employ self-healing composites in different structural applications, damping behaviour and self-healing performance of the composites were evaluated. CY230 epoxy and HY951 hardener were chosen as two different self-healing agents and encapsulated in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) shell material. Dual microcapsules reinforced carbon fibre epoxy composites were fabricated by employing 15wt% of microcapsules at 1:1 weight ratio and 0.5:0.5 weight fractions of matrix reinforcement. Influence of microcapsules addition and induced damages on the damping behaviour and self-healing performance of the pure epoxy and pure carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were investigated by impulse excitation technique (IET). It was noticed that with the addition of respective optimized 7.5 wt%, 15 wt% microcapsules to pure epoxy and pure CFRP, damping factor of both the composites increased whereas elastic modulus decreased. Compared to capsules reinforced virgin composites, damping factor of damaged composites was higher in both types of composites. Self-healing efficiency of capsules reinforced pure epoxy and carbon fibre epoxy composites were calculated based on the recovery in stiffness of the composites and noticed respective healing efficiencies of 72.05% and 53.72% at optimized healing conditions and microcapsules concentration.

A Review - Effect of AL6061-SiC wt% (Composite) on Ultimate tensile strength by the Stir casting

Stir casting process of metal matrix is initiated in 1968 in which reinforcement are distributed into molten metal matrix composite (MMC) mechanism by mechanical stirring operation. This study is focused on cast the aluminum composite metal matrix and the production of different aluminum alloy composite with various volume and weight fraction of reinforcement. From the study it has been observed that it is required to work on the AL6061 composite reinforcement and finding the best optimum parameters due to its very large applications and increase the mechanical properties. . Key Words: Metal matrix composites; Particulates, reinforcement, stir casting process, Microstructure, Optimization.

A study on bi-objective optimization for end milling of Aluminium based composite

The composites are renowned for better properties than base alloy. In general, 2-8% weight fraction of reinforcement has been researched for various industrial applications. The addition of reinforcement gives improvement in mechanical properties but badly affects ductility. Liquid route method (casting) has been employed for fabrication of SiC reinforced aluminum composites. Machining has been performed by controlling input parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Roughness parameter (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) have been considered for evaluation of surface quality and productivity respectively. Only MRR has been given consideration for rough machining conditions. Whereas, both surface roughness and MRR have been considered for the finish machining conditions. Standard L9 orthogonal array have been employed for the experimentation. The occurrence of hard reinforcement in the base alloy creates the casted composite tough to machine. The confirmation experiments have been performed with the optimal settings of process parameters to confirm the output responses.