Weeks Of Progressive Resistance Training Research Articles

Progressive Resistance Training or Neuromuscular Exercise for Hip Osteoarthritis : A Multicenter Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). However, randomized controlled trials providing evidence for the optimal exercise type are lacking. To investigate whether progressive resistance training (PRT) is superior to neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) for improving functional performance in patients with hip OA. Multicenter, cluster-randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, superiority trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04714047). Hospitals and physiotherapy clinics. 160 participants with clinically diagnosed hip OA were enrolled from 18 January 2021 to 28 April 2023 and randomly assigned to PRT (n = 82) or NEMEX (n = 78). Twelve weeks of PRT or NEMEX with 2 supervised 60-minute group sessions each week. The PRT intervention consisted of 5 high-intensity resistance training exercises targeting muscles at the hip and knee joints. The NEMEX intervention included 10 exercises and emphasized sensorimotor control and functional stability. The primary outcome was change in the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST). Key secondary outcomes were changes in scores on the pain and hip-related quality of life (QoL) subscales of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). The mean changes from baseline to 12-week follow-up in the 30s-CST were 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.1) chair stands with PRT and 1.5 (CI, 0.9 to 2.1) chair stands with NEMEX (difference, 0.0 [CI, -0.8 to 0.8] chair stands). For the HOOS pain subscale, mean changes were 8.6 (CI, 5.3 to 11.8) points with PRT and 9.3 (CI, 5.9 to 12.6) points with NEMEX (difference, -0.7 [CI, -5.3 to 4.0] points). For the HOOS QoL subscale, mean changes were 8.0 (CI, 4.3 to 11.7) points with PRT and 5.7 (CI, 1.9 to 9.5) points with NEMEX (difference, 2.3 [CI, -3.0 to 7.6] points). Participants and physiotherapists were not blinded. In patients with hip OA, PRT is not superior to NEMEX for improving functional performance, hip pain, or hip-related QoL. Independent Research Fund Denmark.

Twelve Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training Positively Improves Physical Fitness and Golf Swing Performance in Talented Youth Golfers.

Shaw, J, Gould, ZI, Oliver, JL, and Lloyd, RS. Twelve weeks of progressive resistance training positively improves physical fitness and golf swing performance in talented youth golfers. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1103-1110, 2024-This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week resistance training program in talented junior golfers. Eighteen talented youth golfers were pair matched by maturity status and handicap, and subsequently allocated to an experimental (EXP) or control group. During the 12-week intervention, both groups continued with their normal golf practice while the EXP group also completed a progressive twice-weekly resistance training program. At baseline, subjects performed multiple trials of an isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, golf movement screen (GMS), and isometric plank hold. Club head speed (CHS) and carry distance for a 6-iron and driver were also measured using a commercial launch monitor. When controlled for maturity offset, there were significant ( p < 0.05) interaction effects in favor of the EXP group for absolute ( g = 1.29) and relative ( g = 2.06) peak force for the IMTP, CMJ absolute ( g = 0.73) and relative ( g = 0.66) peak power, jump height ( g = 1.05), modified reactive strength index ( g = 1.30), lateral ( g = 0.48-0.88) and horizontal jump distance ( g = 1.20), and GMS total score ( g = 1.07). Significant interaction effects were also reported in 6-iron and driver CHS and carry distance in favor of the EXP group ( p < 0.05; g = 0.41-1.64). These findings indicate that twice-weekly resistance training in combination with regular golf practice can stimulate increases in measures of strength, power, and movement competency in youth golfers, which should contribute to enhanced golf swing performance.

Ten weeks of Capsicum annuum L. extract supplementation did not change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition, and muscle strength when combined with resistance training in healthy untrained men: A clinical trial study

Capsiate (CAP) is a nonpungent capsaicin analog (Capsicum annuum L. extract) that has been studied as a potential antiobesity agent. However, the interaction between chronic CAP supplementation and resistance training is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue–derived hormones, body composition, appetite, and muscle strength after 10 weeks of resistance training, combined with chronic CAP supplementation in healthy untrained men. We hypothesized that CAP could induce higher benefits when combined with resistance training after 10 weeks of intervention compared to resistance training alone. Twenty-four young men (age, 22.0 ± 2.9) were randomized to either capsiate supplementation (CAP = 12 mg/day) or placebo (PL), and both groups were assigned to resistance training. Body composition, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance were assessed at before and after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training. There was a significant increase in body mass (P < .001), fat-free mass (CAP: 58.0 ± 7.1 vs. post, 59.7 ± 7.1 kg; PL: pre, 58.4 ± 7.3 vs. post, 59.8 ± 7.1 kg; P < .001), resting metabolic rate (CAP: pre, 1782.9 ± 160.6 vs. post, 1796.3 ± 162.0 kcal; PL: pre, 1733.0 ± 148.9 vs. post, 1750.5 ± 149.8 kcal; P < .001), maximal strength at 45 leg press (P < .001) and bench press (P < .001) in both groups, but no significant (P > .05) supplementation by training period interaction nor fat mass was observed. For subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, leptin, and adiponectin, no significant effect of supplementation by training period interaction was observed (P > .05). In conclusion, 10 weeks of resistance training increased total body weight, muscle mass, and maximum strength in healthy untrained men; however, CAP supplementation (12 mg, 7 days per week) failed to change adipose tissue–derived hormones, appetite, body composition and muscle strength in this population.Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8cz9kfq).

Investigating the Levels of Liver Lipogenic and Lipolytic Enzymes in Rat with High-Fat Diet and Sucrose Solution Underwent Progressive Resistance Training

Objective: Consuming too much fat or carbohydrates stimulates lipogenesis and excess fat is stored in non-fat tissues, including the liver, and manifests as obesity and fatty liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) on the liver levels of some enzymes affecting lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and sucrose solution.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male wistar rats with 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet (SD) (n=8) and high-fat diet and sucrose solution (HFDS) (n=16). Twelve weeks later, HFDS group was divided into two groups: sedentary (HS) and PRT (HPRT). The PRT program was implemented 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Gene expression of AMPKα1, SCD-1, ATGL and FASN enzymes affecting lipid metabolism in liver tissue and its fat content were investigated.&#x0D; Results: HFDS significantly increased the body weight (P: 0.001) and significantly decreased the liver expression of ATGL and FASN (P: 0.001, P: 0.011). Eight weeks of PRT did not show a significant difference in the expression of AMPKα1, SCD-1, ATGL and FASN genes. Rats fed HFDS had considerably higher levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in their liver tissue (P: 0.004, P: 0.001) and PRT did not affect them (P: 0.959, P: 0.809 respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of PRT will not change liver lipid metabolism enzymes. Therefore, modifying the diet and changing it, will probably show different results after PRT.

Changes in Cognition and Brain Function After 26 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Adults at Risk for Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesType 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but it is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. MethodsThis study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were living with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercises (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. ResultsResistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention, and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. ConclusionsResistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings.

Changes in cognition and brain function following 26 weeks of progressive resistance training in older adults at risk for diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Changes in cognition and brain function following 26 weeks of progressive resistance training in older adults at risk for diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Open Versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise: a Comparison of Walking Capacity in Chronic Post-Stroke Phase

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The chronic post-stroke phase is often accompanied by various sensory, cognitive, motoric, coordination, and balance impairments. Decreased strength and motoric control contribute to walkingcapacity in patients with stroke. Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) and Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) were reported to improve strength, functional mobility and balance in the chronic post-stroke phase. However, there is aphysiologically differences between CKC and OKC exercise. This study aims to compare the result of two methods of progressive resistant training (PRT) on walking capacity in the chronic post-stroke phase.Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental pre- and post-controlled trial group design. Twenty subjects were randomized into two groups of equal size: the CKC group (n=10) and the OKC group (n=10). Therewas one subject from each group who dropped out at the end of the study. CKC and OKC groups were trained for 6 weeks. The walking capacity was measured with 2 Minutes Walking Test (2WMT).Results: 2WMT results showed improvement in both groups after 6 weeks of intervention, while CKC group show greater improvement in walking distance 56,17 ± 10,95  to 57,43 compared to OKC group57,04 ± 8,58 to 58,19 ± 8,77 (p&lt;0.002).Conclusions: This study shows CKC group showed slightly better improvement in walking capacity after 6 weeks of progressive resistance training compare to OKC group. However, there were no statisticallydifferences between the groups

Progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects on muscle strength and morphology.

Children with spastic cerebral palsy often present with muscle weakness, resulting from neural impairments and muscular alterations. While progressive resistance training (PRT) improves muscle weakness, the effects on muscle morphology remain inconclusive. This investigation evaluated the effects of a PRT program on lower limb muscle strength, morphology and gross motor function. Forty-nine children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomized by minimization. The intervention group (nparticipants = 26, age: 8.3 ± 2.0 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I/II/III: 17/5/4, nlegs = 41) received a 12-week PRT program, consisting of 3-4 sessions per week, with exercises performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, aiming at 60%–80% of the 1-repetition maximum. Training sessions were performed under supervision with the physiotherapist and at home. The control group (nparticipants = 22, age: 8.5 ± 2.1 year, GMFCS level I/II/III: 14/5/3, nlegs = 36) continued usual care including regular physiotherapy and use of orthotics. We assessed pre- and post-training knee extension, knee flexion and plantar flexion isometric strength, rectus femoris, semitendinosus and medial gastrocnemius muscle morphology, as well as functional strength, gross motor function and walking capacity. Data processing was performed blinded. Linear mixed models were applied to evaluate the difference in evolution over time between the control and intervention group (interaction-effect) and within each group (time-effect). The α-level was set at p = 0.01. Knee flexion strength and unilateral heel raises showed a significant interaction-effect (p ≤ 0.008), with improvements in the intervention group (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, significant time-effects were seen for knee extension and plantar flexion isometric strength, rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius MV, sit-to-stand and lateral step-up in the intervention group (p ≤ 0.004). Echo-intensity, muscle lengths and gross motor function showed limited to no changes. PRT improved strength and MV in the intervention group, whereby strength parameters significantly or close to significantly differed from the control group. Although, relative improvements in strength were larger than improvements in MV, important effects were seen on the maintenance of muscle size relative to skeletal growth. In conclusion, this study proved the effectiveness of a home-based, physiotherapy supervised, PRT program to improve isometric and functional muscle strength in children with SCP without negative effects on muscle properties or any serious adverse events. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03863197.

The effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training with garlic supplementation on serum levels of C-reactive protein and insulin resistance in overweight women

زمینه و هدف: تمرین مقاومتی منظم می‌تواند به کاهش التهاب منجر شود. از طرفی مکمل‌یاری سیر با توجه به تأثیرات گستردة آن از جمله اثر آن بر التهاب احتمال می‌رود در ترکیب با تمرینات مقاومتی اثرات هم‌افزایی داشته باشد. ازاین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی به‌همراه مکمل‌یاری سیر بر سطوح سرمی CRP و مقاومت به انسولین در زنان جوان دارای اضافه وزن بود.مواد و روش‌ها: 48 زن سالم با دامنة سنی 20 تا 40 سال، به‌صورت تصادفی سادة بلوکی در چهار گروه تمرین مقاومتی+مکمل (سن=1/3±3/31 سال، شاخص توده بدنی = 7/2±2/28 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع)، تمرین مقاومتی+دارونما (سن=8/3±7/30 سال، =BMI 4/2±4/26 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع)، مکمل سیر (سن=5/2±9/27 سال، =BMI 9/3±7/ 26 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) و دارونما (سن=8/3±7/29 سال، =BMI 3/3±8/28 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی‌های گروه تمرین به مدت هشت هفته برنامة تمرین مقاومتی فزایندة سه جلسه در هفته را شامل سه نوبت با 10 تکرار بیشینه با 1 دقیقه استراحت بین نوبت‌ها و حرکات انجام دادند. آزمودنی‌های گروه مکمل و دارونما روزانه دو قرص 500 میلی‌گرم سیر یا دارونما را در دو نوبت صبح و شب همراه با وعدة غذایی مصرف کردند. پیش و پس از هشت هفته تمرین و برنامة مکمل‌دهی، داده‌های آنتروپومتریکی و یک تکرار بیشینه (1-RM)، پروتئین واکنشگر C (CRP)، انسولین و گلوکز اندازه‌گیری و براساس آن‌ها مقاومت به انسولین (IR) محاسبه شد. تغییرات نتایج قبل و بعد چهار گروه با تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه بررسی شد. در صورت مشاهدة معناداری آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی به‌کار رفت.نتایج: کاهش معنادار در سطوح سرمی CRP، مقاومت به انسولین و گلوکز در گروه تمرین+مکمل در مقایسه با سایر گروه‌ها مشاهده شد (05/0>P). در مقابل سطوح انسولین تغییر معناداری را نشان نداد (05/0<P). در خصوص داده‌های ترکیب بدن نتایج با کاهش معنادار و شایان توجه تودة چربی و افزایش معنادار تودة بدون چربی همراه بود، به‌ویژه در گروه تمرین مقاومتی+سیر (05/0>P).نتیجه‌گیری: با اینکه داده‌های CRP و شاخص مقاومت به انسولین آزمودنی‌های پژوهش حاضر در دامنة طبیعی بودند و بدون خطر به‌نظر می‌رسید، در کل با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر به‌نظر می‌رسد برنامة تمرین مقاومتی فزاینده به‌همراه مکمل‌یاری سیر تأثیر مضاعفی بر وضعیت شاخص التهابی CRP و مقاومت به انسولین زنان دارای اضافه وزن در مقایسه با هر کدام از آن‌ها به‌تنهایی دارد.

Effect of 4 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training on Plasma Levels of Omentin-1 and Metabolic Factors in Diabetic Male Rats

Background and Objectives Omentin-1 is a new adipokine with a potential to increase insulin sensitivity, and is associated with lipid profile. There are limited studies on the effect of exercise on the serum level of Omentin-1. The present study aims to investigate the effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on plasma level of omentin-1 and glycemic control in diabetic male rats. Subjects and Methods In this study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, diabetic, and diabetic+PRT. The training group performed a PRT program using a ladder (three days a week, for 4 weeks). Body weight, glucose level, amentin-1 level, insulin level, and lipid profile were measured. Results The PRT significantly increased plasma levels of omentin-1 and triglycerides in the diabetic + PRT group compared to the diabetic group (P=0.017). There was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein (F=0.318, P&gt;0.05), low-density lipoprotein (F=0.612, P&gt;0.05) and cholesterol (F=0.049, P&gt;0.05) levels between the study groups. Conclusion The PRT improves omentin-1 and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Changes Resulting From Resistance Training in the Ratio of Interferon-gamma to Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

Background and Objectives Diabetes is associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and development of atrophy and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that resistance training at appropriate intensity can reduce inflammation generally. This study aims to investigate the effect of a progressive resistance training (PRT) program on serum concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and lipid profile in rats with type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 40 days and weighing 250±30 g were divided into four groups of healthy control, healthy trained, diabetic control, diabetic trained. Streptozotocin (55 μg/kg per body weight) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. A 6-week PRT protocol was performed, including climbing a ladder with weights at three sessions per week (one hour per day), where the load increased by 5% increase each week. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in IFN-γ level between the diabetic trained group and other groups (P&gt;0.05). The IGF-1 level in diabetic trained group was significantly lower than in the healthy control and trained control groups (P=0.002). The ratio of IGF-1/IFN-γ in diabetic trained group was significantly lower than in the trained control (P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.008) groups. In assessing the lipid profile, the cholesterol level was higher in the diabetic trained group compared to the healthy control group (P=0.028). Moreover, triglyceride level was significantly higher in the diabetic trained group compared to the diabetic control (P=0.033), trained control (P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.002) groups. Conclusion Six weeks of PRT cannot lead to desired efficacy in diabetic rats compared to non-trained diabetic rats. However, the small changes such as increased IGF-1 and HDL levels and decreased serum glucose level, can help with the clinical improvement of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Potential Benefits of Combined Statin and Metformin Therapy on Resistance Training Response in Older Individuals.

Metformin and statins are currently the focus of large clinical trials testing their ability to counter age-associated declines in health, but recent reports suggest that both may negatively affect skeletal muscle response to exercise. However, it has also been suggested that metformin may act as a possible protectant of statin-related muscle symptoms. The potential impact of combined drug use on the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise in healthy older adults has not been described. We present secondary statin analyses of data from the MASTERS trial where metformin blunted the hypertrophy response in healthy participants (>65 years) following 14 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) when compared to identical placebo treatment (n = 94). Approximately one-third of MASTERS participants were taking prescribed statins. Combined metformin and statin resulted in rescue of the metformin-mediated impaired growth response to PRT but did not significantly affect strength. Improved muscle fiber growth may be associated with medication-induced increased abundance of CD11b+/CD206+ M2-like macrophages. Sarcopenia is a significant problem with aging and this study identifies a potential interaction between these commonly used drugs which may help prevent metformin-related blunting of the beneficial effects of PRT. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02308228, Registered on 25 November 2014.

Hemodynamics and functional outcomes after resistance training in hypertensive and normotensive elderly: An experimental study

Aim: To evaluate the chronic effects of resistance training on resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in normotensive and hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Experimental study based on TREND. Hypertensive patients were diagnosed by an independent doctor. Before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, we evaluated blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Results: Sample consisted of 41 participants divided into two groups (normotensive n = 28; hypertensive n = 13). We observed significant values in the reduction of blood pressure levels only in the group of hypertensive participants. In functionality outcomes, we observed significant values in all tests and both groups. Outcomes contemplate effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training lowers resting blood pressure levels, increases handgrip strength, and improves physical functional performance. Although the normotensive group did not show a reduction in blood pressure levels, an improvement was observed in the functional physical tests.

12 weeks of progressive resistance training on postural balance and concerns about falling in older adults: randomized controlled trial

12 weeks of progressive resistance training on postural balance and concerns about falling in older adults: randomized controlled trial

Estrogen modulates metabolic risk profile after resistance training in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

Women experience an unhealthy change in metabolic risk profile at menopause. The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on adipose tissue mass and metabolic risk profile in early postmenopausal women. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial, where healthy, untrained postmenopausal women were allocated to supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks. Endpoints with prespecified hypotheses were the change in total fat mass (FM) (main endpoint) and the change in visceral FM (secondary endpoint) from before to after the intervention. Additionally, prespecified endpoints of body composition, metabolic health-related blood markers, fat%, fat cell size, and lipogenic markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from abdominal and femoral region were explored. Compared with the ET group, the PLC group experienced a greater reduction (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05) in total FM (PLC vs ET: -5.6% vs -1.1%) and visceral FM (-18.6% vs -6.8%), and femoral SAT (-5.6% vs 1.0%), but not abdominal SAT mass (-8.5% vs -2.8%, P = 0.15).The ET group improved their metabolic blood profile by reduced low-density lipoprotein, glucose and hemoglobin A1c compared with PLC (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05). The intervention induced changes in lipolytic markers of abdominal SAT, whereas no changes were detected in femoral SAT. Use of transdermal ET reduced adipose tissue loss, but improved metabolic blood markers when combined with 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.

Enhancement of Serum Myonectin Levels by Progressive Resistance Training in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet and Sucrose Solution

Background: Myonectin (CTRP15) is a newly discovered myokine with important metabolic functions. It was shown that circulating myonectin levels decreased in obesity. Objectives: The present study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) on serum myonectin levels in rats following a high-fat diet plus sucrose solution. Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet plus sucrose (HFDS) and standard diet (SD) groups. After 12 weeks, each group was divided into sedentary and training groups. The animals in training groups were subjected to a PRT program (3 days/week, for 8 weeks). Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and gastrocnemius muscle weights, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weights, serum glucose, insulin, myonectin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in this study. Results: The results of the study revealed that HFDS increased weight gain, fat weight, serum glucose, and HOMA-IR levels and decreased muscle weights and serum myonectin levels. Eight weeks of PRT increased serum myonectin levels and FHL and gastrocnemius muscle weights and decreased retroperitoneal fat weight. Conclusions: The results suggest that PRT may be an efficient intervention to enhance serum myonectin levels, which is associated with the improvement of body composition.

Progressive resistance training compared to neuromuscular exercise in patients with hip osteoarthritis and the additive effect of booster sessions

Purpose: The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate the effectiveness of 12 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) compared to neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) on functional performance in patients with hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Secondary aims are to investigate; the determinants of improvement in physical function following PRT or NEMEX; the effectiveness of booster sessions in prolonging the effects of the initial interventions and the cost-effectiveness of booster sessions.

Transdermal Estrogen Therapy Improves Gains in Skeletal Muscle Mass After 12 Weeks of Resistance Training in Early Postmenopausal Women.

ContextWomen show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women.ObjectiveWe aimed to test the hypothesis that transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) amplifies the skeletal muscle response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women.DesignA double-blinded randomized controlled study.SettingDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.ParticipantsThirty-one healthy, untrained postmenopausal women no more than 5 years past menopause.Intervention(s)Supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks.Main Outcome Measure(s)The primary outcome parameter was a cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and secondary parameters were fat-free mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength, and functional tests.ResultsThe increase in muscle cross-sectional area was significantly greater in the ET group (7.9%) compared with the PLC group (3.9%) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the increase in whole-body fat-free mass was greater in the ET group (5.5%) than in the PLC group (2.9%) (p < 0.05). Handgrip strength increased in ET (p < 0.05) but did not change in the PLC group. Muscle strength parameters, jumping height, and finger strength were all improved after the training period with no difference between groups.ConclusionThe use of transdermal ET enhanced the increase in muscle mass in response to 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.

Muscle Strength And Size Correlations At Baseline And Following Unilateral Resistance Training

Traditional theory has linked muscular size and muscular strength at baseline and following resistance training, though recent studies have challenged the independence of these traits, especially within the context of chronic resistance training. We previously completed a large study of strength and size changes with 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in previously untrained adults. PURPOSE: We examined the effects of progressive resistance training on the relationship between muscle volume (VOL) and muscle strength, measured as both dynamic (one repetition maximum; 1-RM) and isometric (maximal voluntary contraction; MVC) strength. We further tested for sex differences in these relationships. METHODS: 665 healthy young (18>age>40) and untrained individuals (254 men and 411 women) were tested. Muscle volume (by magnetic resonance imaging) and strength (1-RM and MVC) measures were taken before and after 12-weeks of resistance training of the non-dominant biceps/triceps. Subjects trained with progressively increasing weights twice per week using biceps preacher curl, biceps concentration curl, standing biceps curl, overhead triceps extension, and triceps kickback. We used Pearson correlations to test strength-size relationships in the entire cohort and within sex both at baseline and percent change following training. RESULTS: Weak to moderate correlations were seen at baseline: VOL-1-RM (r=0.43 in all, 0.32 in women and 0.14 in men, all p<0.01) and VOL-MVC (r=0.34 in all, 0.19 in women and 0.28 in men, all p<0.01). Following training, specific relationships between percent changes in strength and size were: VOL-1-RM (r=0.04 in all, p=0.3; 0.13 in women, p=0.006; and 0.14 in men, p=0.03) and VOL-MVC (r=0.13 in all, p<0.01; 0.19 in women, p<0.01; and 0.12 in men, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: At baseline, significant but weak correlations exist between strength and size, regardless of sex. Following training, correlations became weaker, and even insignificant for change in volume to change in 1-RM in the whole cohort and change in volume to change in MVC in men. Together, these data provide evidence that isometric and dynamic strength are complex traits, especially following resistance training, that are affected by factors beyond size.

EFFECT OF 16 WEEKS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON STRENGTH ENDURANCE IN MEN AND WOMEN

ABSTRACT Introduction Although resistance training (RT) can provide numerous benefits for both men and women, morphological, neuromuscular, metabolic, physiological, and behavioral differences between sexes may influence the magnitude of training responses. Objective To analyze the impact of 16 weeks of progressive RT on strength endurance in untrained men and women. Methods Twenty-eight men and 31 women (18-30 years) underwent a supervised RT program that was divided into two 8-week stages, 3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. The RT program was composed of exercises for different body segments (trunk, upper and lower limbs) that were performed with three sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM), in 10 and 12 exercises, in the first and second stage, respectively. Strength endurance was assessed in 3 exercises (bench press, squat, and arm curl) and in a combination of these exercises through a protocol composed of 4 sets performed to failure with 80% of 1-RM on the baseline, after 8 and 16 weeks of RT. Results Group vs. time interactions (p &lt;0.05) were found for bench press (men = +28.3% vs. women = +32.1%), squat (men = +13.5% vs. women = +32.7%), and arm curl (men = +20.2% vs. women = +24.4%) exercises, as well as in the set of all 3 exercises (men = +18.4% vs. women = +31.2%). Conclusion Our results suggest that 16 weeks of RT can improve strength endurance in both men and women, although higher gains are achieved by women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic study-Investigating treatment results.