Weekend Break Research Articles

Obstructive Ventilatory Dysfunctions-Functional Assessment and Rehabilitation Program.

Obstructive ventilatory dysfunctions have an increased incidence, and through functional assessment determined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), appropriate treatment can be established. The objectives of our research are represented by the application of respiratory rehabilitation sessions according to the ICF in patients with obstructive ventilatory dysfunctions-with COPD or asthma, using a unique, international language and the evaluation of the results obtained before and after completion pulmonary rehabilitation. We conducted a randomized prospective study between November 2022-April 2023, which included 84 patients diagnosed with obstructive ventilatory dysfunctions and who performed respiratory rehabilitation. They were divided into two categories: category 1-C1 which included 43 patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-COPD and category 2-C2 which included 41 patients diagnosed with asthma. The rehabilitation program lasted 8 weeks, with exercises performed from Monday to Friday, with a weekend break. Respiratory rehabilitation consisted of physical therapy, inspiratory and expiratory muscle training (IEMT), proper nutrition, and psychotherapy. At the end of the program, most of the patients showed improvements in the ICF qualifiers, a fact that supported us that respiratory recovery is one of the basic therapies of patients with obstructive ventilatory dysfunctions. The ICF allows the application of a personalized respiratory rehabilitation program. The ICF qualifiers are used for the functional assessment of patients and allow they to be included in individualized medical rehabilitation programs.

Full-Dose Azacitidine in 5 Days Versus 7 Days With a Weekend Break in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

IntroductionApart from transplantation, only azacitidine demonstrated a survival benefit in a phase III study in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The approved regimen is 75 mg/m2/day for 7 consecutive days, imposing a logistic challenge for outpatient weekend administration. Schedules with 5 days and 7 days with a weekend break (5 + 2) have been used for convenience despite the lack of strong scientific support. Most studies of alternative schedules were performed in lower-risk MDS and with dose reduction in the 5-day schedules. MethodsWe performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study to compare full-dose azacitidine (7 × 75 mg/m2) administration in 5-day and 5 + 2-day schedules in a higher-risk MDS cohort. We evaluated 100 patients for overall survival and a subsample (49 patients) for acute myeloid leukemia-free survival (AMLFS), probability of infections and transfusion burden. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox models were used for survival analyses. Linear and logistic regressions were applied for univariate and multivariate assessment. ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 10.8 months, patients treated with a 5-day schedule had a median overall survival of 12.5 months versus 15.0 months in the 5+2 group: HR 0.95 (95% CI, 0.57-1.56); P= .83. AMLFS was also similar between groups: HR 1.70 (95% CI, 0.70-4.14); P = .24. Azacitidine schedules were not predictive of infections nor number of red blood cell or platelet transfusions in multivariate analyses. ConclusionsIn higher-risk MDS, full-dose azacitidine (7 × 75 mg/m2) can be administered both in 5 days and in 7 days with a weekend break with no significant difference in survival, infection or transfusional outcomes.

MDS-308 Impact of Two Azacitidine Administration Schedules in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a rare group of diseases that manifest as progressive cytopenias and carry a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Apart from transplantation, only azacitidine demonstrated a survival benefit in a randomized phase 3 study in higher-risk patients. The approved azacitidine regimen is 75 mg/m2/day for 7 consecutive days, imposing a logistic challenge for outpatient weekend administration. Schedules of 5 days and 7 days with a weekend break (5+2) have been studied. However, the quality of the evidence is low; most studies were performed in low-risk populations and with total dose reduction in 5-day schedules. We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study to compare the outcomes of full-dose azacitidine (7×75 mg/m2) administered in 5-day and 5+2-day schedules in a higher-risk cohort. We evaluated 100 patients for overall survival (primary outcome) and a subsample of 49 patients for secondary outcomes, including acute myeloid leukemia-free survival, probability of infections, and transfusion burden. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. Linear and logistic regressions were applied for univariate and multivariate prediction, as appropriate. After a median follow-up of 10.8 months, patients treated with a 5-day schedule had a median overall survival of 12.5 months versus 15.0 months in the 5+2 group: log-rank P=0.97; HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.57-1.56). Acute myeloid leukemia-free survival was also similar between groups: log-rank P=0.22; HR 1.70 (95% CI 0.70-4.14). Azacitidine schedules were not predictive of infections or the number of red blood cell or platelet transfusions in multivariate analysis. Full-dose azacitidine (7×75 mg/m2) can be administered both in 5 days and 7 days with a weekend break with no significant difference in survival, infection, or transfusional outcomes.

The Impact of the Administration Schedule and Mutational Profile on Outcomes of Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Hypomethylating Agents: A Large, International, Multi-Center Analysis

The Impact of the Administration Schedule and Mutational Profile on Outcomes of Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Hypomethylating Agents: A Large, International, Multi-Center Analysis

MDS-112: A SEER-Medicare Analysis of Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treated with Hypomethylating Agent

Context: The hypomethylating agents (HMAs) azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DEC) are standard-of-care in patients with higher-risk MDS. However, real-world outcomes of patients with MDS treated with HMAs have not been comprehensively assessed. Objective: To describe real-world treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with MDS treated with HMAs. Design: Adult patients with a confirmed MDS diagnosis between 01/2009-12/2015 treated with HMAs were identified in the SEER-Medicare database (01/2006-12/2016). The index date was the date of HMA initiation. Patients were required to have Medicare Parts A and B coverage for ≥12 months pre-index and ≥1 month post-index. Patients with evidence of stem cell transplant or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pre-index, or enrollment in a clinical trial at any time were excluded. Results: A total of 3,046 patients with MDS treated with HMAs were included. Average age was 77.4 years and 36.8% were female. Most patients (70.9%) were classified in the higher-risk MDS group; 8.0% and 21.1% were classified in the intermediate-1-risk and unknown-risk MDS groups. Median OS was 11.6, 18.4, and 19.1 months in the higher-risk, intermediate-1-risk, and unknown risk MDS groups, respectively; median time to AML transformation was 19.3 months, 50.4 months, and not reached, respectively. Patients received an average of 5.1 HMA cycles (median, 4.0 cycles); most were complete cycles (90.9%; per label or, for AZA, also including the commonly used alternative regimens of 5-day 5-0-0 or 7-day with a weekend break 5-2-2). Mean duration of HMA cycles was 32.6 days (median, 28.0 days). Overall, 45.3% of patients received Conclusions: In this US real-world observational study, >70% of patients with MDS treated with HMAs were at higher-risk of AML transformation or death. Patients in the higher-risk MDS group had poor prognosis, with a median OS

Impact of implementing pathogen reduction technologies for platelets on reducing outdates.

Applying pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to platelets can extend their shelf life from 5 to 7days, but there have been few systematic studies of the repercussions of such technologies on outdate rates. The benefits in terms of outdate rates of applying PRT to platelets are studied via a mathematical simulation. Specifically, statistical methods are used to determine the daily production rate needed to meet demand while not exceeding a maximum amount set as a result of limitations on donations and while assuring a minimum daily stock. The results show that a 2-day extension in the shelf life of platelet concentrates (PC) results in reductions in outdates ranging from 88·4% to 100% at the production centres analysed. It may be the case for budgetary reasons that only part of the PCs produced can be treated. This being so, we show that if the proportion treated per annum exceeds 25% the best option is to treat part of the output every day, otherwise, it is preferable to concentrate treatment on the last two production days of the week. Extending the shelf life of PC from five to seven days and setting up suitable production logistics can drastically reduce outdates at production centres. If only a part of all PCs is treated, the best choices are to distribute PRT overall production days or, if the percentage of PCs treated is very low, to apply PRT on the days preceding the weekend break.

Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treated with Hypomethylating Agents: A SEER-Medicare Analysis

Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treated with Hypomethylating Agents: A SEER-Medicare Analysis

Systematic review of azacitidine regimens in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia

Background5-Azacitidine administered as a 7-day dosing regimen (7–0-0) is approved in high risk IPSS myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Alternative regimens such as a 5-day (5–0-0) or 7-day with a weekend break (5–2-2) are commonly used. No randomized controlled trial has been done directly comparing all three dosing regimens. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacies of the 5–0-0, 5–2-2, and 7–0-0 regimens in MDS and AML.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational prospective and retrospective studies. The primary clinical outcomes were Objective Response Rate (ORR) defined as the sum of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and hematological improvement (HI) as defined by the IWG 2006 criteria. A meta-analysis of simple proportions was conducted using a random effects model with weights defined according to Laird and Mosteller. Comparisons between groups were not attempted due to the heterogeneity of study designs.ResultsThe only RCT directly comparing alternative azacitidine regimens showed no difference in ORR between the 5–0-0 and 5–2-2 regimens. All other RCTs compared a dosing regimen to conventional care. The pooled proportion of ORR was 44.8% with 95% CI (42.8%, 45.5%) for 7–0-0, 41.2% with 95% CI (39.2%, 41.9%) for 5–0-0, and 45.8% with 95% CI (42.6%, 46.4%) for 5–2-2.ConclusionsIndirect comparison of alternative azacitidine dosing regimens in MDS and AML shows a benefit for the 7-day regimen in attaining ORR. Additional RCTs are required to definitively address this comparison.

Role of the overall treatment time of radiotherapy with 10×3Gy for outcomes in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression.

Radiotherapy alone still is the most commonly delivered treatment modality for metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). MSCC is an emergency situation, which requires treatment as soon as possible. When radiotherapy is performed with the most commonly used approach 10×3Gy (30Gy in 10 fractions) over 2weeks, the question has been asked whether an overall treatment time (OTT) of 14-15days including two weekends without irradiation leads to worse outcomes than OTT of 12days (beginning of radiotherapy on a Monday resulting in only one weekend break)? A total of 412 patients with MSCC were included in this retrospective study. Ninety-two patients receiving 10×3Gy over 12days were compared to 320 patients with an OTT of 14-15days. Ten additional factors were investigated. On multivariate analysis, functional outcome was associated with tumour type (P<0.001), time developing motor deficits (P<0.001), ambulatory status (P=0.018) and performance score (P<0.001); OTT had no significant impact (P=0.40). On univariate analysis of local control of MSCC (freedom from recurrence in irradiated spinal parts), no factor was significant including OTT (P=0.66). On multivariate analysis, visceral metastases (P<0.001), tumour type (P<0.001), time developing motor deficits (P<0.001), ambulatory status (P<0.001) and performance score (P<0.001) were associated with survival, OTT not even on univariate analysis (P=0.55). Since an OTT of 14-15days had no negative impact on outcomes compared to 12days, compensation in form of an additional radiation fraction or continuation of radiotherapy during weekends is not required, if radiotherapy cannot be started on a Monday.

Outcomes After Whole-brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases with 5×4 Gy: Importance of Overall Treatment Time.

To investigate the impact of overall treatment time (OTT) of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with 5×4 Gy on outcomes. Forty-four patients for whom WBRT was started on a Monday (OTT=5 days) were compared to 136 patients, for whom WBRT was started on another weekday (OTT=7 days; weekend break) regarding intracerebral control and survival. Seven other factors were also analyzed. Intracerebral control at 6 and 12 months was 64% and 36% after OTT of 5 days vs. 57% and 38% after OTT of 7 days (p=0.68). On multivariate analysis, intracerebral control was positively associated with a better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS) (p<0.001). Survival at 6 and 12 months was 36% and 16% after OTT of 5 days vs. 35% and 19% after OTT of 7 days (p=0.81). On multivariate analysis, survival was positively associated with better ECOG-PS (p<0.001) and absence of extracerebral lesions (p=0.004). Prolongation of OTT to 7 days had no impact on outcomes after WBRT with 5×4 Gy.

Enhancing Working Memory Training with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

Working memory (WM) is a fundamental cognitive ability that supports complex thought but is limited in capacity. Thus, WM training interventions have become very popular as a means of potentially improving WM-related skills. Another promising intervention that has gained increasing traction in recent years is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive form of brain stimulation that can modulate cortical excitability and temporarily increase brain plasticity. As such, it has the potential to boost learning and enhance performance on cognitive tasks. This study assessed the efficacy of tDCS to supplement WM training. Sixty-two participants were randomized to receive either right prefrontal, left prefrontal, or sham stimulation with concurrent visuospatial WM training over the course of seven training sessions. Results showed that tDCS enhanced training performance, which was strikingly preserved several months after training completion. Furthermore, we observed stronger effects when tDCS was spaced over a weekend break relative to consecutive daily training, and we also demonstrated selective transfer in the right prefrontal group to nontrained tasks of visual and spatial WM. These findings shed light on how tDCS may be leveraged as a tool to enhance performance on WM-intensive learning tasks.

Multi-week MILP scheduling for an ice cream processing facility

This paper presents a multi-week mixed integer linear programming (MILP) scheduling model for an ice cream processing facility. The ice cream processing is a typical complex food manufacturing process and a simplified version of this processing has been adapted to investigate scheduling problems in the literature. Most of these models only considered the production scheduling for a week. In this paper, multi-week production scheduling is considered. The problem has been implemented as an MILP model. The model has been tested on a set of cases from the literature, and its results were compared to the results of problems solved using hybrid MILP-heuristics methods in the literature. The inclusion of clean-up session, weekend break and semi-processed product from previous week were also assessed with two additional sets of experiments. The experiments result show that the proposed MILP is able to handle multi-week scheduling efficiently and effectively within a reasonable time limit.

Autoimmune limbic encephalitis due to VGKC-Ab. Thanks for the memory. Leo Robin (Title of song, 1937)

With the benefit of hindsight, I had probably been unwell for weeks or even months before the worsening of my condition was sufficient for me to allow my wife to...

Planning Short-Stay ‘Weekend Breaks’ Based on the Cultural, Natural And Social Resources of the Small Town

The paper examines the way that place with a specific identity and cultural atmosphere could beused as the promotion of the site and creation the popular short-stay tourist destination. The authors briefly explained the theoretical background, concepts, marketing methodologies and effects of coordination between local government actions and tourism industry promotion. On the example of case study in Podkowa Leśna, it illustrates different activities and different issues involved, identified important determinants. Emphasizing a smart, sustainable approach, it shows how cultural tourism and culture events could be used to promote a town successfully. It shows how the local authority’s policy, the private – public cooperation, the NGOs involvement, institutional structures and volunteer’s enthusiasm could create a high standard of cultural offer and tourist – friendly host site. It also shows how, on the example of garden – city Podkowa Leśna, an effective management and innovative strategy could provide long term success based on cultural and social resources. In their final conclusion remarks the authors examine the relationship of cultural events and tourism growths (short-stay, ‘weekend break’ visits). Cultural heritage, organized sport and cultural events together with the natural values are identified as the vital determinants for the high quality experience of visitors in this destination site. The non answered question remains, if culture in future – in a broad sense of tangible and intangible forms – could be also used in the rapidly changing world for successful promotion, for sustainable development, for social and cultural harmony and economic growth. The other question to be considered in the future research study is the limit of tourism development growth at the site of high cultural and natural values, very special social atmosphere and site tradition.

Essential Things

Essential Things Catharine Savage Brosman (bio) At the Museum Tavern —London, 2015 I used to come from Sheffield to get warm. I took the train on Friday afternoon— a “weekend break”—departing in a storm or bitter cold, at least. I would cocoon myself a while in my hotel—a nap, perhaps—have tea, or get a glass of wine. Then I’d go walking. No need for a map. At times the air could be almost benign. It’s still my favorite London neighborhood: Great Russell Street at Bloomsbury, Coptic Street, where history, letters, art are understood. Again, it’s winter; this time, though, there’s sleet, with whipping wind that chills you to the bone. We went to the Museum first, of course: sarcophagi and the Rosetta Stone, Apollo’s giant foot, Selene’s horse, the Bassae frieze. They’re wonderful, but wore us out. Since then we’ve taken tours, half-price (few others on the bus today—the more enjoyable thereby), and had a slice of Englishness; as Dr. Johnson said, when London’s pleasures can no longer hold a man, he’s tired of life, as good as dead. But now Pat’s stiff and weary, and we’re cold. [End Page 384] No matter—there’s Great Russell Street! The sign of the Museum Tavern! “Might you stop right here, dear driver?” Then, as if by some design, there’s an obstruction. “All right, luv.” Oh, cheer!— light, warmth, an empty table, and a bar of ancient wood. We’re in our element, preserved together by some prescient star, both logophiles, with mutual consent, and still in love, that strange, if worn, conceit— old actors, barely known, on history’s stage, time’s artifacts arranged around our feet proclaiming the enduring worth of age. Saint-Exupéry over Arras He’d lived already through four accidents, none minor: Le Bourget, where Lindbergh found the world awaiting him; the sea off France (he nearly drowned); the Libyan desert, past Benghazi, where his friend Prévost and he— dehydrated, burnt, starved, and close to death— were succored by a Bedouin he called “Man,” the quintessential, nameless rescuer; and Guatemala, on his way to claim a prize in Chile. He’d been mobilized in ’39 and wished to fly again despite his age—not foolish heroism, but the desire to act for France, to live by acting. Bodies are an instrument, a means. Saint-Ex was stationed in the north. By late May ’40 almost all was lost, [End Page 385] the Germans having overrun the east, the Lowlands, and much else. He was assigned to do reconnaissance, a futile task, since what he learned would be of little use. The roads were clogged with Flanders refugees and others; Panzers rolled through villages, and German anti-aircraft ruled the skies. He flew through flak as in a childhood game he’d played with others, running through light rain, attempting to avoid the drops, and earn thereby a young boy’s knighthood. He recalled long walks in woods—the sheltering trees, soft grass. “I’m simply strolling, in the evening air.” Then he remembered Paula, from Tyrol, a family governess, who used to put thick compresses of arnica on sprains and bruises. “Paula, I shall shortly need your arnica, quite badly.” Flak continued. How serene the clouds appeared, how neat and garden-like the earth below, transformed by motion and perspective!—all concealing mortal danger. He’d become a tool that went beyond himself, like men who make discoveries or those who tend the sick, or someone rushing into fire to save his son. —Saint-Ex’s string would not run out till ’44. Although the plane was hit and crippled, flying low to take last photographs, he did not crash, and got his crew back safely. Exiled in New York, after France fell, he wrote The Little Prince. “Essential things are hidden for the eyes.” [End Page 386] Swift and Vanessa A Dublin girl, of Dutch extraction, keen in wit, and beautiful, Vanessa fell in love at once with Dr. Swift, not yet the Dean, but eminent and—when he wished— a magnet. She was young, but...

Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Azacitidine Regimens in Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Background5-Azacitidine has been shown in randomized clinical trials to have a significant degree of efficacy with good tolerability in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with intermediate/high risk according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score. The dosing regimen that was approved based on the AZA-001 randomized clinical trial was a 7-day 75mg/m2 regimen (7-0-0). However based on practical considerations, many centers use alternative regimens such as a 5-day 75mg/m2 (5-0-0) or 5-day followed by weekend break, followed by an additional 2-day (5-2-2) regimen at 75mg/m2. No randomized controlled trial has been done directly comparing all the different dosing regimens to ensure they attain the same efficacy as demonstrated for the 7-0-0 one. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the different dosing regimens of azacitidine in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia with < 30% blasts (AML).MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials, observational prospective and observational retrospective studies of various azacitidine regimens in MDS, CMML, or AML. Key extracted data included number of patients, azacitidine dosing, and clinical outcomes as per the International Working Group (IWG). The primary clinical outcome was Objective Response Rate (ORR) defined as the sum of complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + hematological improvement (HI) by the IWG 2006 response criteria. The primary tolerability outcome was the proportion of patients requiring azacitidine dose adjustment as part of their treatment course. We conducted a meta-analysis of simple proportions using a random effects model with weights defined according to Laird and Mosteller. Comparisons between groups were not attempted due to the heterogeneity of study designs.ResultsOf the 2183 studies identified, 39 articles and 37 abstracts including 4868 patients were included in the analysis. There was a small number of studies directly comparing the different azacitidine regimens. Based on a total of two studies there was no statistical difference in terms of ORR between the 5-0-0 & 7-0-0 regimens. Based on a total of two studies, there was no statistical difference in terms of ORR between the 5-0-0 & 5-2-2 dosing regimens. The pooled proportion of ORR was 45% (variance 1.3%) for the 7-0-0 dosing regimen, 38% (variance 1.5%) for the 5-0-0 regimen, and 47% (variance 3.7%) for the 5-2-2 regimen. The 7-0-0 regimen resulted in 17% of patients requiring dose adjustment (variance 10%), the 5-0-0 regimen resulted in 34% of patients requiring dose adjustment (variance 4.3%), and the 5-2-2 regimen resulted in 25% of patients requiring dose adjustment (variance 15%).ConclusionsThere are few studies directly comparing the different dosing regimens of azacitidine in MDS, CMML, and AML in terms of their efficacy. Based on those studies that do, there is no statistically significant difference in terms of the ORR between the 5-0-0 & 7-0-0 treatments, and the 5-0-0 & 5-2-2 treatments. Pooled estimates for the ORR show similar results for the 3 dosing regimens evaluated, but indirect comparisons between groups were not conducted due to heterogeneity in the designs. Further studies directly comparing the azacitidine dosing regimens in MDS, CMML, and AML are required. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Second-year student diary.

Despite having lots to learn - and lots to organise for Christmas and her dad's retirement - Rosie Perrett recently enjoyed a weekend break with her friends from her previous degree course.

Mixed Messages

Mixed Messages

Detecting within- and between-day manifestations of neuromuscular fatigue at work: an exploratory study

Cumulative neuromuscular fatigue may result from exposure to physically demanding work, such as repetitive and/or sustained work with insufficient recovery. The aims of this exploratory study were to develop a battery of field usable fatigue measures and to document hand/arm fatigue in physically demanding work over multiple workdays and after a weekend break. Sixteen plumbers were observed for five days and measures of handgrip force, variability, tremor and discomfort were obtained pre-, mid- and post-shift. This exploratory study demonstrated increasing fatigue of the hand/arm over the day and persistent fatigue from Tuesday to Friday, and that a number of the measures did not return to baseline values following a weekend break. The findings provide preliminary evidence of cumulative fatigue in residential plumbing and insight into neuromuscular fatigue measurement. However, further work is needed to develop and refine a set of fatigue measures to detect neuromuscular fatigue at the workplace.

Assessment of residual heat generation at cyclic operation of a research reactor as input data for thermal hydraulic calculations and safety analysis

A review was made of the methods for analysis and evaluation of the residual heat generation in the reactor core after a certain uninterrupted period of operation. We have considered a possible approach to solving the problem for residual heat generation assessment at cyclic mode of facility operation, i.e. after several periods of operation and idle time. The input data preparation for thermal hydraulic calculations used for nuclear safety assessment is discussed. The study of the process is necessary for evaluation of the nuclear safety in case of black-out accident and/or loss of the forced reactor core cooling.The presented approach is applied to evaluate the residual heat generation in the reactor core in the reconstruction design of the nuclear research reactor IRT-2000, Sofia, Bulgaria, configured with LEU fuel IRT-4M (19.75% U235). The residual heat generation is estimated for the reactor core as a whole at operating power of 1000kW in the end of the last working day after 2weeks of operation in the following mode: 12h per day, 5days per week (Monday–Friday). The accumulated working and downtime hours during the operation period, as well as the weekend break, are accounted in the calculations.