Week Of Experimental Period Research Articles

PSXIII-11 Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus on Growth Performance, Frequency of Diarrhea, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Weaned Pigs

Abstract The swine industry has to find ways to make diets more efficient in terms of growth performance and swine intestinal health. Thus, this study was carried out to verify the effect of dietary supplementation of the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, on growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned pigs [6.21 ± 0.55 kg of initial body weight (BW)] were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: initial BW). This experiment was performed for 4 weeks. Dietary treatments were a commercial basal nursery diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 0.02% Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (PRO; ILDONG Bioscience Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were measured on day 1, 7, 14, and 28. The frequency of diarrhea was measured for the first 2 weeks after weaning. Diarrhea score of each pen was visually estimated from 1 to 5 (1 = normal feces, 2 = moist feces, 3 = mild diarrhea, 4 = severe diarrhea, and 5 = watery diarrhea). For the last week of experimental period, pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromium oxide. Fecal samples from randomly selected one pig per pen were collected daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days. The samples from the diet and feces of each treatment were used to measure the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), energy (EN), and crude protein (CP). Serum samples were collected for blood biochemical parameters. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed by the General Linear Model of SAS. The frequency of diarrhea was analyzed by the Chi-square test. The experimental unit was a pen. Statistical model for growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biochemical parameters included dietary treatment as a main effect and initial BW as a covariate. Pigs fed PRO had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than those fed CON from day 1 to 7, and The PRO had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than CON from day 15 to 28. The PRO increased ADG during overall the experimental period (P < 0.10), nutrient digestibility of DM, EN, and CP (P < 0.05) compared with CON. However, no differences were found on frequency of diarrhea and blood biochemical parameters between dietary treatments. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

Effect of foot and mouth disease vaccination on seminal and biochemical profiles of mithun (Bos frontalis) semen

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccination on seminal and biochemical profiles of semen of mithun at pre and post vaccinated stage. Methods The breeding bulls were maintained at Semen Collection Centre, National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland. A total of 160 ejaculates were collected from eight mithun bulls twice a week at about 4 weeks in pre vaccinated stage and 12 weeks post vaccinated stage to know the effect of vaccine stress on seminal and biochemical profiles of mithun semen. The vaccine was given at the end of 4th week of experimental period and semen was collected and evaluated upto the 16th weeks of experimental period. Results It revealed that FMD vaccination affected the sperm functional and biochemical parameters significantly (P Conclusions The adverse effect of vaccination on seminal parameters suggest that the semen collection and preservation should be suspended till 10th weeks of vaccination to get normal fertility of sperm to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination using such semen in this precious species.

Chemopreventive potential of piperine in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice

The chemopreventive potential of orally administered piperine was studied in Swiss albino mice against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin carcinogenesis. The mechanistic pathway for the chemopreventive potential of piperine was evaluated by analysing the status of phase I and phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by-products and antioxidants during DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis. Skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in the shaved back of mice, by painting with DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 ml acetone/mouse) two times weekly for 8 weeks. We observed severe hyperplasia, dysplasia, and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the 8th, 10th and 15th week of experimental period respectively in mice treated with DMBA alone. Marked alterations in the status of phase I and phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by-products and antioxidants were observed in tumor bearing mice. Oral administration of piperine (50 mg kg −1 body weight) by gastric gavage significantly prevented the formation of skin tumors during DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Also, piperine administration brought back the status of phase I and phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by-products and antioxidants to near normal range in DMBA treated mice. The present study thus demonstrates that piperine has significant suppressing effect on cell proliferation during DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. The chemopreventive potential of piperine is probably due to its modulating effect on the status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and detoxification agents during DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis.

Protective effect of ferulic acid on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice

Our aim was to evaluate and compare the chemopreventive potential of topically applied and orally administered ferulic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin carcinogenesis. Estimating the status of phase I and phase II detoxication agents, lipid peroxidation byproducts and antioxidants during DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis assessed the mechanistic pathway for its chemopreventive efficacy. Skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in the shaved back of mice, by painting with DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 mL −1 acetone) twice weekly for 8 weeks. We have observed 100% tumor formation in the 15th week of experimental period in mice treated with DMBA alone. Marked alterations in the status of phase I and phase II detoxication agents, lipid peroxidaton byproducts and antioxidants were observed in tumor bearing mice. Oral administration of ferulic acid completely prevented the formation of skin tumors, whereas topically applied ferulic acid did not show significant chemopreventive activity during DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Also, oral administration of ferulic acid reverted the status of phase I and phase II detoxication agents, lipid peroxidaton byproducts and antioxidants to near-normal range in DMBA-treated mice. Our results thus demonstrate that orally administered ferulic acid has potent suppressing effect on cell proliferation during DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis. This is probably due to its modulating effect on the status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and detoxication agents during DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis.

Chemopreventive and Antilipidperoxidative Potential of Clerodendron inerme (L) Gaertn in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Indcued Skin Carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino Mic

The present study has investigated the chemopreventive and antilipidperoxidative effects of the ethanolic extract of Clerodendron inerme leaves (CiELet) in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. The skin squamous cell carcinoma was induced in the shaved back of mice, by painting with DMBA (25 microg 0.1 mL(-1) acetone) twice weekly for 8 weeks. We have observed 100% tumor formation in the fifteenth week of experimental period. Elevated lipid peroxidation and decline in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status was observed in tumor bearing mice. Oral administration of CiELet (300 mg kg(-1) bw) for 25 weeks significantly prevented the tumor incidence, volume and burden of the tumor. The CiELet also showed potent antilipidperoxidative effect as well as enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanisms in DMBA painted mice. The present study thus demonstrated the chemopreventive and antilipidperoxidative efficacy of CiELet in DMBA induced mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Desempenho de Frangos de Corte Alimentados com Dietas à Base de Milho e Farelo de Soja, com ou sem Adição de Enzimas

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de um composto multi-enzimático à base de proteases, amilases e celulases (Vegpro), adicionado na proporção de 1 kg para cada 200 kg de farelo de soja, na dieta de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 2240 pintos, fêmeas, da marca comercial Ross, submetidos a oito tratamentos, com sete repetições. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas divididas. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 (controle positivo -- ração normal, sem enzima), T2 (controle negativo -- ração com níveis energético, protéico e aminoacídico do farelo de soja, superestimados em 5%, sem enzima), T3 (ração normal, sem enzima até 28 dias, com enzima de 29 a 35 dias), T4 (ração normal, sem enzima até 21 dias, com enzima de 22 a 35 dias), T5 (ração normal, com enzima), T6 (até os 28 dias, ração normal com enzima, e ração superestimada com enzima, dos 29 aos 35 dias), T7 (ração normal, com enzima até os 21 dias e ração superestimada, com enzima, do 22º ao 35º dia) e T8 (ração superestimada com enzima). Na primeira fase experimental, à exceção do T2, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para peso corporal médio, ganho médio de peso e consumo de ração, pois não foi observado efeito da inclusão de enzima. A conversão alimentar diferiu estatisticamente a 5%. Na quarta semana experimental, novamente o T2 foi o único a diferir a 5% para peso corporal médio e ganho médio de peso. Para consumo de ração e conversão alimentar, os tratamentos não diferiram significativamente. Na última semana, foram notadas as maiores diferenças entre os tratamentos. Verificou-se que a inclusão do complexo multi-enzimático não proporcionou ganhos ao desempenho de frangos de corte.

Parathyroid gland of the freshwater snake Natrix piscator schneider

The structure and function of the parathyroid glands of freshwater snake, Natrix piscator, were studied. N. piscator has two pairs of parathyroid glands which are composed of cell cords of typical endocrine appearance, and follicles are absent. Parathyroidectomy was followed by significant ( P < 0.001) hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia throughout the 5th week of experimental period. Following parathyroidectomy, calcium and phosphate concentrations in bone were significantly ( P < 0.05) increased after 5 weeks; however, these values in muscle were not significantly changed. Tetany was also observed in parathyroidectomized snakes. Histological structure and function of the glands do not appear to vary seasonally. Administration of parathyroid gland extract of this ophidian reptile into rats caused significant ( P < 0.05) elevation of serum calcium.