Weeks Of Dietary Treatment Research Articles

Metabolomic insights into the beneficial effects of dietary purple potato on DSS-induced murine colon colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by disturbance in intestinal flora and metabolomic profiles. Building on previous findings that purple potato (PP) supplementation suppresses inflammation and restores intestinal barrier in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice, this study examined changes in the fecal metabolome in the same cohort. Mice were fed 0 % or 10 % PP for 7 weeks, with DSS administered in the fifth week of dietary treatment followed by one-week normal drinking water recovery. A total of 68 metabolites, including amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, and polyamines, were significantly altered across the groups. PP supplementation reversed changes in 13 of the 25 DSS-altered metabolites. Six microbial metabolites derived from PP polyphenols were identified and positively correlated with M2 macrophage polarization. Data suggest that dietary PP is effective in reducing inflammation and improves gut metabolites in DSS-induced colitis mice, offering a potential dietary therapy for managing IBD.

Personalized Food Avoidance Dietary Approach for Psoriasis and Hypertension: A Case Study and Pilot Trial

Background: The comorbidity, coheritability and common immune pathways of the inflammatory ‘chronic’ (non-communicable) diseases, suggest a shared aetiopathogenic mechanism, with phenotypic localization dependent on genetic predisposition, for example, the arteries in hypertension and the skin in psoriasis. Lifelong observation of psoriasis suggests genetically predisposed toxicity of amphiphilic fats, flavor enhancers, and nonsugar sweeteners. Aim: To conduct trials of personalized dietary intervention to abate the phenotypic expression of psoriasis and hypertension. Materials and Methods: The interventional case study of psoriasis was conducted by means of repetitive dietary challenge and avoidance testing. We then conducted an open trial of personalized nutrition on nine consenting recruits with uncomplicated essential hypertension. They were counseled on which foods to avoid or to take based on the experience gained in psoriasis. Study participants with ‘GOOD’ or ‘FAIR/POOR’ dietary compliance were compared with regard to blood pressure (BP) control, antihypertensive drug treatment requirement (ADTR), and anthropometry. Results: Data from four FAIR/POOR diet compliers and three GOOD compliers, as at 29 weeks of dietary intervention, showed mean systolic home BP values of 128.1 (±6.74) mmHg and 122.3 (±2.03) mmHg, respectively; the mean systolic automated office BP values were 139.8 (±8.80) mmHg and 108.3 (±5.55) mmHg, respectively; as at 39 weeks of dietary intervention, the mean ADTR scores were 4.2 (±2.12) and 1.03 (±0.57), respectively. Using data at baseline and from all available timepoints after dietary intervention, two-way ANOVA confirmed highly significant improvement of BP control (P < 0.0001) and reduction of ADTR score (P = 0.0008) in GOOD compliers. GOOD compliers exhibited significantly more reductions in BMI, abdominal circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness than FAIR/POOR compliers (two-way ANOVA and linear regression: P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results support the case for adverse dietary exposure avoidance to abate the phenotypic expression of chronic disease.

Study on the influence of ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting on the change of body fat rate

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting on the change of body fat rate, and to provide more scientific and effective methods for obese people to lose weight. Through randomized controlled trial design, 120 overweight or obese subjects were recruited and randomly divided into four groups for 12 weeks of dietary intervention. The control group kept their daily eating habits, while the ketogenic diet group adopted a diet scheme of high fat, low carbohydrate and moderate protein. The intermittent fasting group chose two days a week for light fasting, while the combined group used ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting at the same time. The research results show that both the ketogenic diet group and the intermittent fasting group can effectively reduce the weight and body fat percentage of the subjects, and the combination of the two has the most significant effect. The ketogenic diet group showed the greatest decrease in body weight and body fat percentage, at -3.5 ± 1.2kg and -4.8 ± 1.5%, respectively, while the combined group showed a more significant decrease, reaching -4.7 ± 1.4kg and -6.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. Regression analysis shows that ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting and their combination have significant effects on body fat rate, and the increase of weekly exercise time is also significantly related to the decrease of body fat rate. The study also found that ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting have their own advantages in reducing body fat rate, but they may also bring certain health risks, such as hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. Therefore, doctors or nutritionists should tailor the diet plan according to individual conditions and pay attention to its potential side effects. This study provides a new weight loss option for obese people and provides a direction for future research.

Mediterranean Diet Effect on the Intestinal Microbiota, Symptoms, and Markers in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on the intestinal microbiota by the promotion of bacteria associated with a healthy gut. However, its impact on intestinal fungi, among others, is still unknown, and how it affects digestive symptoms and different biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders has hardly been explored. The present study evaluated the effect of the MD on gut microbial diversity and structure and intestinal symptoms and biomarkers after 6 weeks of dietary intervention in 46 patients with GI disorders. Dysbiosis in fungal composition and diversity was observed, with a significantly lower abundance of Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Orbiliomycetes; a significantly higher abundance of Saccharomycetes; the Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota phyla were significantly reduced; and the bacterial microbiota remained unchanged. In addition, various GI disorders decreased and associations between stool consistency and intestinal permeability were found with the bacterial genera Alistipes and Roseburia. Thus, the data suggest that MD can alter the fungal intestinal microbiota and improve GI disorders.

Global deletion of G protein-coupled receptor 55 impairs glucose homeostasis during obesity by reducing insulin secretion and β-cell turnover.

To investigate the effect of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) deletion on glucose homeostasis and islet function following diet-induced obesity. GPR55-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed ad libitum either standard chow (SC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed at 9/10 and 19/20 weeks of dietary intervention. Insulin secretion in vivo and dynamic insulin secretion following perifusion of isolated islets were also determined, as were islet caspase-3/7 activities and β-cell 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. GPR55-/- mice fed a HFD were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity and were more glucose intolerant and insulin resistant than WT mice maintained on a HFD. Islets isolated from HFD-fed GPR55-/- mice showed impaired glucose- and pcacahorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated insulin secretion, and they also displayed increased cytokine-induced apoptosis. While there was a 5.6 ± 1.6-fold increase in β-cell BrdU incorporation in the pancreases of WT mice fed a HFD, this compensatory increase in β-cell proliferation in response to the HFD was attenuated in GPR55-/- mice. Under conditions of diet-induced obesity, GPR55-/- mice show impaired glucose handling, which is associated with reduced insulin secretory capacity, increased islet cell apoptosis and insufficient compensatory increases in β-cell proliferation. These observations support that GPR55 plays an important role in positively regulating islet function.

Mediterranean ketogenic diet accounts for reduced pain frequency and intensity in patients with chronic migraine: A pilot study

BackgroundAn increasing amount of evidence suggests that migraine is a response to cerebral energy deficiencies or oxidative stress levels that exceed antioxidant capacity. Current pharmacological options are inadequate in treating patients with chronic migraine, and a growing interest focuses on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. The ketogenic diet, mimicking fasting that leads to an elevation of ketone bodies, is a therapeutic intervention targeting cerebral metabolism that has recently shown great promise in the prevention of migraines. Moreover, Mediterranean elements like vegetables, nuts, herbs, spices, and olive oil that are sources of anti-inflammatory elements (omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, essential minerals, and probiotics) may create a positive brain environment by reducing imbalance in the gut microbiome. MethodsOn the basis of these indications, a combined Mediterranean-ketogenic diet was administered to chronic migraine patients for 4 (T1) and 8 weeks (T2), and anthropometric estimations were collected at T1 and T2 while biochemical parameters at only T2. ResultsA significant reduction (p<0.01) in migraine frequency and intensity was detected as early as 4 weeks of dietary intervention, which was associated with a reduced fat mass (p<0.001) as well as Homa index (p<0.05) and insulin levels (p<0.01) after 8 weeks. ConclusionOverall, Mediterranean-ketogenic diet may be considered an effective non-pharmacological intervention for migraine, with positive outcomes on body composition.

E4bp4-Cyp3a11 axis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice with weight fluctuation

ObjectiveWeight regain after weight loss is a challenge in obesity management. The metabolic changes and underlying mechanisms in obese people with weight fluctuation remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to profile the features and clinical significance of liver transcriptome in obese mice with weight regain after weight loss.MethodsThe male C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). After 9 weeks, the HFD-induced obese mice were randomly divided into weight gain (WG), weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WR) group. After 10 weeks of dietary intervention, body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Morphological structure and lipid droplet accumulation in the liver were observed by H&E staining and oil red O staining, respectively. The liver transcriptome was detected by RNA sequencing. Protein expressions of liver cytochrome P450 3a11 (Cyp3a11) and E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4bp4) were determined by Western blot.ResultsAfter 10 weeks of dietary intervention, the body weight, FBG, glucose area under the curve, T-CHO and LDL-C in WL group were significantly lower than those in WG group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks of HFD re-feeding, the mice in WR group presented body weight and T-CHO significantly lower than those in WG group, whereas higher than those in WL group (P < 0.05). Hepatic vacuolar degeneration and lipid droplet accumulation in the liver were significantly alleviated in WL group and WR group, compared to those in WG group. The liver transcriptome associated with lipid metabolism was significantly altered during weight fluctuation in obese mice. Compared with those in WG group, Cyp3a11 in the liver was significantly upregulated, and E4bp4 was significantly downregulated in WL and WR groups.ConclusionObese mice experience weight regain after weight loss by HFD re-feeding, but their glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are milder than those induced by the persistence of obesity. Downregulated E4bp4 and upregulated Cyp3a11 are detected in obese mice after weight loss, suggesting that the E4bp4-Cyp3a11 axis may involved in metabolic mechanisms underlying weight regulation.Graphical

Effects of potassium supplementation and deficiency on the progression of salt-sensitive hypertension

While the physiological effects of sodium on blood pressure are well established, many of the effects of potassium remain unclear. Prior work found that increased potassium intake decreases blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease, improves vasodilation, has reno-protective effects, and can stimulate natriuresis. In this study, we examined how different sodium/potassium ratios affect the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, specifically examining changes in the kidney and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). We hypothesized that blood pressure would directly correlate to the Na+/K+ ratio and that there would be compensatory changes in RAAS and in expression of renal potassium channels, particularly inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. At 9 weeks of age, male and female Dahl SS rats were placed on a high salt (4% NaCl) diet for 5 weeks with normal potassium (NK, 0.36% K+), high potassium (HK, 1.41% K+), or potassium depleted (DK, &lt;0.0001% K+) diet. After 5 weeks of dietary intervention, DK animals were hypokalemic, and HK animals had significantly increased plasma potassium. Potassium supplementation attenuated the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in male rats fed the HK diet compared to NK; the DK group did not develop hypertension. Potassium supplementation did not attenuate blood pressure in female rats, who also had a higher mortality rate on the DK diet. Heart rates were unchanged in both male and female HK groups but were significantly lower in the DK groups of both sexes. After 5 weeks of diet, the total body weights of DK rats were significantly lower. The 2 kidney/total body weight ratios were not different between the HK and NK groups, but the kidneys of the DK group were significantly larger, likely due to their smaller body weights. Medullary protein casts in DK rats of both sexes were decreased but no renoprotective effects were observed in the HK group. Western blot analysis of renal potassium channels demonstrated no changes in the expression of ROMK, significantly increased Kir5.1 in DK males and females, and a significant increase in Kir4.1 and the alpha-subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase in DK males. We analyzed RAAS metabolites from plasma samples collected at the endpoint: Ang I (1-10), Ang IV (3-8), and Ang (1-5) were significantly decreased in DK males and females, Ang II (1-8) and Ang III (2-8) were significantly reduced in DK males, and aldosterone was significantly increased in HK males and females. These results provide a comprehensive assessment of how various potassium diets affect the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in both males and females, which will provide a solid foundation for future mechanistic studies. R01DK129227, I01 BX004024, R35HL135749. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Capsiate ameliorates secondary hyperparathyroidism by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting angiogenesis.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism has a significant impact on the overall well-being of the body. Capsiates, known for their antioxidant and metabolic properties, have emerged as a promising alternative treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study aims to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of capsiates in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. To achieve our research objectives, we conducted a study on patients' serum and examined changes in metabolic markers using serum metabolomics. We induced secondary hyperparathyroidism in rat through dietary intervention and divided them into four groups. The first group, referred to as the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) group, received a low-calcium and high-phosphate diet (0.2% calcium, 1.2% phosphorus). The second group served as the control group, receiving a standard phosphate and calcium diet (0.6% calcium, 0.6% phosphorus). The third group, called the capsiates group, consisted of rat from the control group treated with capsiates (intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg capsiates for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of dietary intervention). The fourth group was the capsiates-treated PTH group. Subsequently, we conducted ribose nucleic acid (RNA) sequencing on parathyroid gland cells and evaluated serum thyroxine levels, oxidative stress, expression of proteins associated with vascular neogenesis, measurement of SOD, GSH and 3-nitrotyrosine, micro-CT and histological staining. The serum metabolomic data revealed a significant decrease in capsiate levels in the secondary hyperparathyroidism group. Administration of capsiates to PTH rat resulted in increased calcium levels compared to the PTH group. Additionally, the PTH + Capsiates group showed significantly lower levels of PTH and phosphate compared to the PTH group. The PTH group exhibited a notable increase in the quantity and size of mitochondria compared to the control group. Following capsiates administration to the PTH group, there was a significant reduction in the number of mitochondria and length of microvilli, but an increase in the size of mitochondria compared to the PTH group. Sequencing analysis revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1) play crucial roles in this process. Vascular-related variables and downstream signalling were significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism and were alleviated with capsaicin treatment. Finally, combining capsiates with the PTH group improved bone mineral density, Tb.N, BV.TV, Cs.Th, Tt.Ar, OPG, Ob.TV and Oc.TV, as well as the mineral apposition rate, but significantly decreased Tb.Sp and Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL) compared to the PTH group. The findings suggest that capsiates can improve secondary hyperparathyroidism and ameliorated osteoporosis outcomes by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing oxidative stress.

Differential effects of fish-oil and cocoa-butter based high-fat/high-sucrose diets on endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice.

A high-fat/high-sucrose diet leads to adverse metabolic changes that affect insulin sensitivity, function, and secretion. The source of fat in the diet might inhibit or increase this adverse effect. Fish oil and cocoa butter are a significant part of our diets. Yet comparisons of these commonly used fat sources with high sucrose on pancreas morphology and function are not made. This study investigated the comparative effects of a fish oil-based high-fat/high-sucrose diet (Fish-HFDS) versus a cocoa butter-based high-fat/high-sucrose diet (Cocoa-HFDS) on endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (n=12) were randomly assigned to dietary intervention either Fish-HFDS (n=6) or Cocoa-HFDS (n=6) for 22 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests (IP-GTT and IP-ITT) were performed after 20-21 weeks of dietary intervention. Plasma concentrations of c-peptide, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and leptin were measured by Milliplex kit. Pancreatic tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry to measure islet number and composition. Tissues were multi-labelled with antibodies against insulin and glucagon, also including expression on Pdx1-positive cells. Fish-HFDS-fed mice showed significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain compared to Cocoa-HFDS-fed mice. Fish-HFDS group had lower fasting blood glucose concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for both GTT and ITT. Plasma c-peptide, insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the Fish-HFDS group. Interestingly, mice fed the Fish-HFDS diet displayed higher plasma leptin concentration. Histochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in endocrine pancreas β-cells and islet numbers in mice fed Fish-HFDS compared to the Cocoa-HFDS group. Taken together, these findings suggest that in a high-fat/high-sucrose dietary setting, the source of the fat, especially fish oil, can ameliorate the effect of sucrose on glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreas morphology and function.

Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (-51 ± 33 vs. -25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (-39 ± 33 vs. -13 ± 23, p = 0.013). In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.

Dietary Cannabidiol Activates PKA/AMPK Signaling and Attenuates Chronic Inflammation and Leaky Gut in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gut, accompanied by impaired epithelial integrity, increased macrophage infiltration, and enhanced colon cancer risk. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid isolated from cannabis plants, is supplemented into mice diet, and its beneficial effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis is evaluated. Eight-week-old mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with or without CBD (200mg kg-1 ) for 5 weeks. In the 4th week of dietary treatment, mice were subjected to 2.5% DSS induction for 7 days, followed by 7 days of recovery, to induce colitis. CBD supplementation reduced body weight loss, gross bleeding, fecal consistency, and disease activity index. In addition, CBD supplementation protected the colonic structure, promoted tissue recovery, and ameliorated macrophage infiltration in the colonic tissue, which was associated with the activation of cyclic AMP-protein kinase A, extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. CBD supplementation also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and related pro-inflammatory marker secretion. Consistently, CBD feeding reduced tight junction protein claudin2 and myosin light chain kinase in DSS-treated mice. Dietary CBD protects against inflammation and colitis symptoms induced by DSS, providing an alternative approach to IBD management.

Evaluation of Influencing Factors on Metabolism of Land-Based n-3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids-The KoALA Study.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of influencing factors (sex, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) status at baseline, linoleic acid (LA) intake, milk fat intake) on the conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) obtained from linseed oil into its long-chain metabolites. In addition, the effect of ALA on cardiovascular risk markers was investigated. This study used a parallel design approach by randomly assigning the 134 subjects to one of four diets (high in LA (HLA); low in LA (LLA); high in milk fat (MF); control (Western diet)) each enriched with linseed oil (10 en%, 22-27 mL ≙ 13-16 g ALA). Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of dietary intervention. The study was fully completed by 105 subjects (57.4 ± 12.1 years; 65.7% female). Results showed that ALA (296-465%), C-20:4n3 (54-140%), and EPA (37-73%) concentrations in erythrocytes increased in all groups (p < 0.01). In contrast, docosahexaenoic acid (19-35%, p < 0.01) and n-3 index (10-21%, p < 0.05) dropped in the HLA, LLA, and control groups. An increase in C-22:5n3 was only observed in the MF (36%) and control groups (11%) (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in LA (7-27%) was found in the HLA, LLA, and control groups, whereas C-20:3n6 (16-22%), arachidonic acid (10-16%), C-22:4n6 (12-30%), and C-22:5n6 (32-47%) decreased (p < 0.01). The conversion into EPA was higher in men than in women (69 vs. 39%, p = 0.043) and in subjects with low EPA status compared to participants with high EPA status (79 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). A high LA status attenuates the conversion rate. In line with the literature, no clear effects on blood lipids and parameters of glucose metabolism were found in relation to ALA supplementation.

SAT131 Acceptability And Impact Of Basic Carbohydrate Counting On Glycemic Control In Children And Young People With Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract Disclosure: A. Tandon: None. E. Bhowmik: None. Z. Ali: None. S. Tripathi: None. A. B k: None. V. Bhatia: None. P. Dabadghao: None. S. Sudhanshu: None. Background- Basic carbohydrate counting (BCC) represents a meal-planning approach for people with T1DM, emphasizing on consistency in the timing and amount of carbohydrate intake at each meal. In contrast to advanced carbohydrate counting, it is simpler to learn for people with varied levels of education or numeracy skills. The effect of BCC on glycemic control in children with T1DM using MDI is largely unknown. We aimed to determine whether BCC, compared to routine nutritional education (RNE) of our clinic, would improve glycemic control in these children with typical Indian diets. Methods- This randomized, controlled trial included children, adolescents and young adults with T1DM using MDI. In addition to RNE, the intervention group received BCC education including a personalised diet plan with suggestions for carbohydrate exchanges at each meal based on a 2-week food log prepared by them. The control group received the RNE of our clinic including instructions on healthy food choices, food groups, calorie-free foods, glycemic index, and instructions for special occasions. A retrospective CGM study and HbA1c were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks after the dietary education. The primary outcome was the difference in change in TIR (Time in range; 70-180 mg/dl) from baseline through 12 weeks between the two groups. A questionnaire on acceptability of BCC was administered. Results- Ninety two patients [age 15.7 ± 5.0 years, median (IQR) duration of diabetes 5.9 (5.9) years, baseline HbA1c 8.0 ± 1.5 %] wore the FreeStyle Libre Pro sensor for a median of 14 days. Median (IQR) TIR was 41 (18) %, TBR (Time below range; &amp;lt;70 mg/dl) 14 (13) % and TAR (Time above range; &amp;gt;180 mg/dl) 40.7 ± 20.4 %. Coefficient of variation (% CV) was 49.1±10.3% and 92% had high (&amp;gt;36 %) CV. Multivariate regression showed that older age at onset of diabetes was associated with a higher TIR, TBR and a lower TAR, whereas these glycemic metrics were not influenced by current age, urban vs rural residence, education of mother or socioeconomic status. The use of NPH vs glargine for basal insulin was also associated with higher TBR and %CV but lower TAR. Significant improvement was seen in HbA1c in the BCC group, when compared with their own values during the prior 24 months (baseline [8.2 ± 1.3%], 12 weeks [7.9 ± 1.2%], p = 0.042), but not so in the RNE group (baseline [8.0 ± 1.0%], 12 weeks [8.1 ± 1.0%], p = 0.881). However, no significant differences were observed in the changes in TIR, TBR, TAR, %CV and HbA1c between the two groups after 12 weeks of dietary intervention. Although, acceptability of BCC was high, only half of the participants correctly practiced it at more than 50 percent of their meals. Conclusion- Among our families with T1DM treated with MDI, although BCC had high acceptability, it was not frequently practiced and did not lead to greater improvement in glycemic control as compared to routine nutritional education. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Impact of galacto-oligosaccharides on prebiotic potential in the intestinal microbiota fermentation and health status in an animal model

The present study was conducted to assess selected galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) effects on short-chain acids (SCFA), microbiota variability in in vitro, and health benefits using an animal model. In the in-vitro anaerobic batch, fermentation was applied to different groups divided by a varied amount of GOS sources, mixtures, and prebiotics. Results reported that SCFA for inulin contributed significantly higher for acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and resistant starch (RS) showed a non-significant effect for acetic and propionic acids whereas the combined effect of GOS and RS showed higher values for parameters. For bacterial enumeration of bifidobacteria compared to individual GOS, synergistic effects were documented. The Sprague-Dawley rats given GOS under western diet influence relative to a high-fat diet alone observed after 1 and 4 weeks documented significant levels for acetic and butyric acid production, whereas body and organ weights for cecum tend to increase after 4 weeks of dietary intervention (p&lt;0.05). Microbiome data using gene sequencing revealed a higher proportion of firmicutes and lower Bacteroides in control rats, which means Lachnospiraceae family abundances were higher in HF+GOS group. Overall, GOS fermentation showed an increment in the bifidobacterial population and tend to raise levels of SCFA in rats fed on a high-fat diet alone, whereas non-significant variation was reported in microbiome diversity after intervention.&#x0D; The present study was conducted to assess selected galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) effects on short-chain acids (SCFA), microbiota variability in in vitro, and health benefits using an animal model. In the in-vitro anaerobic batch, fermentation was applied to different groups divided by a varied amount of GOS sources, mixtures, and prebiotics. Results reported that SCFA for inulin contributed significantly higher for acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and resistant starch (RS) showed a non-significant effect for acetic and propionic acids whereas the combined effect of GOS and RS showed higher values for parameters. For bacterial enumeration of bifidobacteria compared to individual GOS, synergistic effects were documented. The Sprague-Dawley rats given GOS under western diet influence relative to a high-fat diet alone observed after 1 and 4 weeks documented significant levels for acetic and butyric acid production, whereas body and organ weights for cecum tend to increase after 4 weeks of dietary intervention (p&lt;0.05). Microbiome data using gene sequencing revealed a higher proportion of firmicutes and lower Bacteroides in control rats, which means Lachnospiraceae family abundances were higher in HF+GOS group. Overall, GOS fermentation showed an increment in the bifidobacterial population and tend to raise levels of SCFA in rats fed on a high-fat diet alone, whereas non-significant variation was reported in microbiome diversity after intervention.

Novel low-sodium salt formulations combined with Chinese modified DASH diet for reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial.

In this study, we aimed to explore the antihypertensive effect of 23 and 52% concentrations of low-sodium salt combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (CM-DASH) diet in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. We conducted a randomized controlled single-blind trial with a semi-open design. One hundred and thirty-two participants were randomly assigned into Group A (control group), Group B (52% low-sodium salt group), Group C (23% low-sodium salt group), and Group D (meal pack group) for 8 weeks of dietary intervention. All participants were followed weekly to collect data on blood pressure, salt use, and adverse events. Blood and 24-h urine samples were analyzed at baseline, 4 weeks, and the end of the intervention. At the end of the intervention, the mean blood pressure decreased significantly by 10.81/5.03 mmHg, 14.32/6.32 mmHg, 14.20/6.59 mmHg, and 19.06/7.82 mmHg in Groups A-D, respectively, compared with baseline (p < 0.001). Comparison between groups showed that the systolic blood pressure was lower in Groups C and D than in Groups A (-6.54 mmHg, -8.70 mmHg, p < 0.05) and B (-6.60 mmHg, -8.76 mmHg, p < 0.05), and the diastolic blood pressure was lower in Group D than in Group A (-5.17 mmHg, p = 0.006). The 24-h urinary Na+ and Na+/K+ values were significantly decreased in participants using low-sodium salt (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred during the trial. Our preliminary results suggest that 23 and 52% concentrations of low-sodium salt combined with the CM-DASH diet can effectively reduce sodium intake and increase potassium intake in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, thus achieving "salt reduction" and attaining standard, smooth, comprehensive management of patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2000029017.

The Effect of Fermented Momordica charantia with Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR on Metabolic Complications Induced by High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet in C57BL/6 Mice

This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Momordica charantia (MC) extract and MC fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR (FMC) on high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-induced metabolic complications. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFCD), HFCD with 1% MC extract (HFCD + 1M), HFCD with 4% MC extract (HFCD + 4M), HFCD with 1% fermented MC (HFCD + 1F), and HFCD with 4% fermented MC (HFCD + 4F). After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, the consumption of MC fermented with L. mesenteroides MKSR resulted in significant decreases in white adipose tissue weights (epididymal adipose tissue and retroperitoneal adipose tissue), serum alanine aminotransferase activity, and hepatic triglyceride levels. FMC also lowered total hepatic cholesterol content, improved glucose clearance during the oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and increased fecal cholesterol efflux from the enterohepatic circulation. Furthermore, the FMC notably increased hepatic mRNA expressions, which may indicate a compensatory mechanism against induced cholesterol efflux. Moreover, FMC induced both adipogenic (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) and lipolytic (lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and adiponectin) mRNA expressions. These findings suggest that fermentation with the probiotic L. mesenteroides MKSR enhances the beneficial effects of MC, preventing metabolic complications associated with a high-fat diet.

Metabolite Profiling in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model and Individuals with Diabetes: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been used extensively for metabolite profiling. Although combining these two analytical modalities has the potential of enhancing metabolite coverage, such studies are sparse. In this study we test the hypothesis that combining the metabolic information obtained using liquid chromatography (LC) MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy improves the discrimination of metabolic disease development. We induced metabolic syndrome in male mice using a high-fat diet (HFD) exposure and performed LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy on plasma samples collected after 1 and 8 weeks of dietary intervention. In an orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) analysis, we observed that combining MS and NMR was stronger than each analytical method alone at determining effects of both HFD feeding and time-on-diet. We then tested our metabolomics approach on plasma from 56 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) cohort. All metabolic pathways impacted by HFD feeding in mice were confirmed to be affected by diabetes in the MDCS cohort, and most prominent HFD-induced metabolite concentration changes in mice were also associated with metabolic syndrome parameters in humans. The main drivers of metabolic disease discrimination emanating from the present study included plasma levels of xanthine, hippurate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, S-adenosylhomocysteine and dimethylguanidino valeric acid. In conclusion, our combined NMR-MS approach provided a snapshot of metabolic imbalances in humans and a mouse model, which was improved over employment of each analytical method alone.

582-P: Exercise Training Reverses NAFLD in Mice with Obesity Independent of Changes in Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity

Obesity is a primary cause of hepatic lipid accumulation, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As there are no FDA-approved therapies for NAFLD treatment, weight loss through lifestyle intervention is the first-line therapy. Exercise improves hepatic function in patients with obesity related NAFLD. However, the mechanisms whereby exercise mediates the enhancement of liver function are largely unknown. This study evaluated the impact of exercise training on NAFLD in mice with obesity. At 8 weeks of age, mice were randomized to low-fat (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of dietary intervention, mice were randomized to either control (SED) or exercise training (ExT) with experimental diet for 10 weeks. ExT mice completed 45 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill running 4 days/week. Body weight was measured weekly, and body composition and maximal treadmill running were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 14. Blood lactate accumulation was measured during the final treadmill test. Mice were euthanized 48 hours after the last exercise session for liver histopathology, blood chemistry, and ex vivo mitochondrial function analysis. Liver function was assessed via serum liver panel and quantification of hepatic lipids. High-resolution respirometry was used to determine maximal hepatic fatty acid oxidation, NADH- and succinate-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and electron transfer capacity in tissue homogenates. HFD increased body mass, which was reduced with ExT. ExT increased maximal running time independent of diet. HFD worsened lactate metabolism, which was improved with ExT. HFD increased liver weight, which was decreased with ExT. HFD-induced increases in hepatic lipid and serum ALT and ALP were reversed with ExT. Hepatic mitochondrial OXPHOS and electron transfer were reduced with HFD relative to LFD. These data suggest that exercise-induced reversal of NAFLD is not mediated by hepatic mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Disclosure E.C. Heintz: None. W.S. Dantas: None. J.E. Stampley: None. G.M. Davis: None. B.A. Irving: None. C.L. Axelrod: None. J.P. Kirwan: None. Funding Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK072476); Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (U54GM104940); Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (P20GM103528)

Decreased serum concentrations of antiseizure medications in children with drug resistant epilepsy following treatment with ketogenic diet.

To examine the potential influence of a ketogenic diet on serum concentrations of antiseizure medications (ASMs) in children with drug resistant epilepsy. We investigated the serum concentrations of ASMs in 25 children with drug resistant epilepsy, 2-13 years of age, treated with a classical ketogenic diet for 12 weeks. The patients were recruited from the National Centre for Epilepsy from August 15th, 2017, to January 24th, 2022. Changes in ASM serum concentrations were analyzed using a mixed effect model analysis. Significance level was set at P < 0.05 for all comparisons. The participants used 12 different ASMs during the study. The mean number of ASMs was 2.4 (±SD 0.7). None of the participants changed the type or dose of the ASMs during the intervention period. The serum concentrations of clobazam (n = 9, P = 0.002), desmethylclobazam (n = 9, P = 0.010), and lamotrigine (n = 6, P = 0.016) decreased significantly during the dietary treatment. The analytes with the largest reduction in serum concentration after 12 weeks of dietary treatment were clobazam (mean change -38%) and desmethylclobazam (mean change -37%). We found no significant change in the serum concentrations of levetiracetam, topiramate, and valproic acid. We identified a significant decrease in the serum concentrations of clobazam, desmethylclobazam, and lamotrigine following a 12-week ketogenic diet intervention in children with drug resistant epilepsy. An unintended decrease in the serum concentrations of ASMs may render the patient prone to seizures. Measurements of ASM serum concentrations might be useful in patients on a ketogenic diet, especially in patients with lack of efficacy of the dietary treatment.