Weed Extracts Research Articles

Microwave-Based Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Utilizing a Notorious Weed (Mikania micrantha) Extract and Evaluation of their Biomedical Properties

Microwave-Based Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Utilizing a Notorious Weed (Mikania micrantha) Extract and Evaluation of their Biomedical Properties

Identification of Phytochemicals and Mineral Nutrients of Selected Malaysian Plant Extracts and its Effects on Seed Priming of Maize

Plants contain a variety of phytochemicals, which act as natural bioactive compounds to help plants enhance abiotic tolerance and promote growth. Therefore, plant extracts are considered to have great potential as environmentally friendly biostimulants in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds and quantify nutrients present in three plant extracts, namely Euphorbia hirta, Polygonum minus, and Eleusine indica, as well as to explore the effect on the growth of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The plant powder was extracted using methanol, followed by a solid-liquid extraction procedure. The phytocompounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while mineral nutrients were quantified using inductively coupled plasma. Five concentrations of plant extracts, i.e., 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100%, were designed to evaluate seed germination and priming. The result showed that 53, 45, and 39 phytocompounds were identified from E. hirta, P. minus, and E. indica, respectively, and classified into different chemical groups (such as flavonoids and amino acids) and rich nutrients (for example, N, P, and K). Besides, P. minus and E. hirta extracts with lower concentrations (5 and 15%) showed a positive effect on germination, shoot length and fresh weight, and the Highest concentration (100%) of E. hirta and E. indica extracts exhibited strong toxicity. This study emphasizes that weed extracts containing abundant secondary metabolites and nutrients can be used as natural biostimulants for maize seed priming.

Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Seed Dressing and Foliar Application of Sea Weed Extracts on Growth Attributes of Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Seed Dressing and Foliar Application of Sea Weed Extracts on Growth Attributes of Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

Effectiveness of Ethnopharmacological Weed Extract on Seed Yield and Quality of Vigna unguiculata L.

Effectiveness of Ethnopharmacological Weed Extract on Seed Yield and Quality of Vigna unguiculata L.

Aplikasi Ekstrak Mimosa invisa L. dan Pupuk NPK Dosis Rendah dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Patogen Padi Gogo

This study aimed to determine the effect of Mimosa invisa L. weed extract application and a low dose of NPK fertilizer on the intensity of pest attack and pathogen infection on upland rice. This research has been done using Split Plot Design with 3 replications. The main plot was the dose of NPK fertilizer (50% and 100% NPK). The subplot was the concentration of weed extract (0, 1.25, 1.67, 2.5, and 5% concentrations). The variables observed include the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attack, Cercospora sp. that causes brown spots, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that causes bacterial leaf blight. The results showed that the application of weed extract under a low dose (50% NPK) has not been able to suppress the intensity of grasshopper and case worm attacks, and the intensity of the pathogen causes brown spots and bacterial leaf blight. However, 2,5% and 5% concentrations of weed extract can potentially suppress pathogen infection that causes brown spots on upland rice. Keywords: grasshopper, brown spots, Mimosa invisa L.weed extract, case worm, bacterial leaf blight, NPK fertilizer

In vitro and in vivo Effect of Weeds (Root) Extracts on Soil Borne Fungal Phytopathogens and Fungal Infected Legume Crop Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum)

Background: Weed management during growing season has been a serious problem for many years. Worldwide, a 10% loss of agricultural products can be attributed to the competitive effect of weeds, despite their intensive control. Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chenopodium album L. is an annual weed of cultivated fields. Methods: This investigation was done in 2020-2021. Root parts of both weeds Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chenopodium album were collected from a nearby area, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. To determine the antifungal potentials of both weeds Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chenopodium album root extracts were determined by the food poisoning method against fungal phytopathogens. Methane, Ethyl acetate, Butyl alcohol, Benzene and Water-soluble root extracts of both weeds at different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) were used against fungal phytopathogens growth in laboratory conditions and also used on fungal infected related attributes of Bengal gram in a pot culture experiment in 1:10 ratio. Antioxidants of both weed extracts were done by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. Result: Findings showed that application of 15% concentrated extracts has maximum antifungal effects against Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsi (70-80%). In the pot experiment, we find that at increased concentrations of methanolic extract (15%) infected Bengal gram crops show high effectiveness against fungal phytopathogens and improve different parameters such as germination, plant physiology and morphological characteristics. However, higher concentrations of methanol extract promoted these parameters and reduced fungal growth in both in vivo and vitro conditions Results of this study reported highly significant suppressive effects of higher concentrations (10% and 15%).

Enhancing Various Variety of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) Yield with Seaweed Extract and Biochar under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation was carried out during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Central Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, NAI, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj was carried out with two factors having four of each in FRBD. The factors are Varieties (V1 - Winter Dawn, V2 - winter star, V3 - Sweet Charlie, V4 – Chandler) Organic Manures (M0 - No manures, M1 - Biochar 100 %, M2 - Seaweed extract 100%, M3 - Biochar + seaweed extract 50:50 %) which in combination makes 16 treatments. Among the treatments applied the combination of V1M3 (Winter Dawn + Biochar + Sea weed extract 50:50) was found to be best during 2021-22, 2022-23 and pooled data in terms of fruit set % with (8.17, 66.46 and 67.32 %), Number of fruit/plant (35.33, 32.40 and 33.87), Weight of fruit (36.36, 34.90 and 35.63 kg, Yield/plant (812.49, 791.14 and 801.81kg, Yield/plot (9.75, 9.49 and 9.62) kg, and yield/hectare (22.13, 21.51 and 21.82) ton.

Potential of siam weed extract in combination with Trichoderma harzianum to stimulate seed germination of Coffea arabica

The Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) beans feature a solid and thick seed shape that obstructs the germination process. Seed germination is an important feature of coffee plant cultivation and significantly impacts on the growth and development of the coffee plant. Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L.) has the potential to be used as an organic fertilizer due to its nutrients and secondary metabolite compounds which can help accelerate plant growth. The optimal use of organic fertilizer can be achieved by using Trichoderma harzianum. This research aims to determine the effect and optimal concentration of Siam weed extract (Chromolaena odorata L.) and Trichoderma harzianum on the germination of Arabica coffee seeds. The research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the form of siam weed extract concentrations of 8 ppm and 16 ppm and concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, and 20 ppm. The research finding indicated that the C2T1 treatment had the best results in terms of germination, growth speed, growth synchrony, hypocotyl length, and number of leaves on coffee plants. Meanwhile, the C2T4 treatment had the highest chlorophyll content.

Effect of selected weeds and organic emulsions on seed germination, seedling growth and biochemical content in rice (Oryza sativa)

An experiment was conducted during 2021–22 at ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, to understand the allelopathic impact of 4 selected weeds and 2 organic products on germination, seedling growth and biochemical content in rice in laboratory condition in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate that 15% solution of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (T15) and 15% solution of Medicago denticulate extract (T18), inhibits the germination by 78.72 and 40.42%, respectively and 5% solution of Moringa oleifera extract (T4), 5% solution of Parthenium hysterophorus extract (T1) and 15% solution of vermiwash (T9) increased the germination by 25.53, 23.41, and 21.28% respectively as compared to control. Treatment T4 and T9 increased the seedling’s vigour by 112.8 and 109.08%, while among them treatments, viz. 15% solution of A. nodosum extract (T15) and 15% solution of M. denticulate extract (T18) decreased the vigourness by -88.60% and -59.05% respectively. Treatment T4 and 5% solution of vermiwash (T7) increased the biochemical content by 17.79% and 13.49% respectively, while 15% solution of panchgavya (T2), and treatment T15 were significantly decreased the biochemical content by 39.26 and 42.33% respectively. Based on findings, it may be concluded that negative correlation was found between the response of rice crop and increasing concentrations of weed extracts and panchgavya unlike vermiwash. But lower concentration of M. oleifera and vermiwash showed most positive impact on rice seedlings.

Towards Greener Packaging: Tapioca Starch-Based Biocomposites with Siam Weed Extract and Flax Seed Gel as Sustainable Antibacterial Packaging Material

This paper delves into the development of biocomposite (BC) packaging material from tapioca starch (TS), flax seed gel (FS), and Siam weed (SW) extract, considering the increased demand for sustainable, eco-friendly packaging materials. The BCs—BC1 (40 mL), BC2 (80 mL), and BC3 (120 mL), prepared by varying the concentration of SW—were subjected to morphological, structure, thermal, and optical characterisations. The BC with a fragmented, agglomerated morphology shows cellulosic peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern, indicating the C-type crystalline structure in TS. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the BC’s safe use up to 300 °C, with a minimal 40% weight loss. Differential scanning calorimetry plots identified heat absorption during gelatinisation, with an endothermic peak at 300 °C marking a phase transition. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–visible spectra revealed functional groups that attribute antibacterial potential to the BC. The optical analyses show greater absorption and fewer emissions, resulting in the increased enthalpy responsible for the microbial activities. Antibacterial studies demonstrated BC2’s efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, while the stability against humidity and the minimal weight loss underscored the BC’s robust thermal stability. FTIR spectra of post-heating at 80 °C confirmed the structural integrity, positioning the BC as a promising material for eco-friendly packaging solutions.

Study of Allelopathic Effects of Argemone mexicana L. Root Extract on Seed Germination and Growth of Triticum aestivum L. under in vitro Condition

The present study was conducted in Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Nagpur, to investigate the allelopathic effects of Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana L.) on wheat. Wheat is the most important edible cereal crop. Wheat can grow in a wide variety of soils and temperatures, but thrives in humid regions with 30-90 cm of precipitation. Argemone mexicana L. is a rapidly expanding weed and an important competitor of wheat (in terms of allelochemicals). Weed is one of major cause of crop production loss. The entire plants of Argemone mexicana L. were harvested, rinse with tap water to remove soil debris, roots are dried in shade which kept at 25 degrees celcius (±2) for 72 hours. To demonstrate the germination of seeds of two locally grown wheat varieties (Sharabati and Lokwan), five concentrations of different ratios of root aqueous extract were obtained. A bioassay of a petri dish was carried out to assess the allelopathic potential of Argemone mexicana L. on the germination of Triticum aestivum L. seeds. The water based root extracts of weeds were used for treatment. The differential inhibitory effect of Argemone mexicana L. on Sharbati and Lokwan variety of wheat was observed.

Effect of Allelopathy from Methanolic Extract of Broadleaf Weeds (Ageratum conyzoides and Borreria alata) on the Viability of Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.)

The experiment aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of active compounds present in broadleaf weeds Ageratum conyzoides and Borreria alata. The study also sought to assess the viability of various seed varieties grown using allelopathic extracts from these weeds, varying in concentrations of tannins and phenols. The research findings revealed that methanol extracts exhibited potent allelopathic properties, inhibiting germination, radicle and hypocotyl growth, as well as reducing the germination rate of soybean seeds. B. alata weed extracts demonstrated lower allelopathy than A. conyzoides, suggesting a possible alteration in the active compounds (allelochemicals) present due to a reforming process. Extracts from both A. conyzoides and B. alata weeds inhibited root length, hypocotyl growth, and germination across a range of concentrations, from low (10% v/v) to high (30% v/v).

Soil Application of Sea Weed Extract Granules and Foliar Application of Nano ZnO to Bt Hybrid Cotton to Vertic inceptisols

Bt hybrid cotton was significantly benefitted by the soil application of Sagarika sea weed extract granules at 25 kg ha-1 yr-1 along with the recommended basal fertilizers dose or foliar application of nano ZnO 4% at 0.04% at squaring and flowering stages. These treatments significantly enriched index leaf residual P and Zn content beyond 20 μg g-1 fresh weight during boll development stage and this resulted in significant improvement in lint yield by 7.5% i.e. 35 kg lint ha-1 yr-1, C:B ratio by 5.0% and net returns to the tune of ₹. 5000 ha-1 over alone 100% RDF in eroded Vertic inceptisols deficient in N, Mg, S, Zn and B. Excess rains at seedling and vegetative stage followed by drought at reproductive stages in both years, reduced the economic viability of seed treatment with bio-stimulants and foliar applications besides soil and foliar application of Zn, S, B alone or together to Bt hybrid cotton.

Evaluation of Natural Weed Extract on the Safety of Corrosion Inhibition of Stainless Steel-410 Pipelines in the De-scaling Process

Evaluation of Natural Weed Extract on the Safety of Corrosion Inhibition of Stainless Steel-410 Pipelines in the De-scaling Process

Effect of Seaweed Extract Application Rate and Method on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Pansy (Viola x wittrockiana)

Pansies, part of the Viola genus, are vibrant flowers with velvety petals and a distinct center blotch. They are popular as ornamental plants due to their colorful appearance. Seaweed extract, derived from various types of seaweed or marine algae, is utilized in agriculture, gardening, and skincare. Seaweed is nutrient-rich, containing essential macro and micronutrients, making seaweed extract a valuable natural fertilizer to enhance plant growth and health. Therefore, present investigation was carried during the Winter-2022-23 with a view to determine the effect of seaweed extract application on pansy variety Majestic Giant Mix for its growth, flowering, yield. The study was examined using completely randomized block design. From the present investigation, it is concluded that treatment T4 i.e., application of Sea weed extract @ 4ml/l as drench application found superior in terms of plant height (16.00 cm), plant spread (17.56), number of branches per plant (28.81), days taken for first flower opening (30.00), days taken for 50% flowering (58.33), stalk length (8.60 cm), flower diameter (7.83) number of leaves (43.33), number of flowers per plant (38.88) and seed yield per plant (3.00g).

Effect of Growth Regulators on Plant Growth and Flower Yield in Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different growth regulators on plant growth, flowering and flower yield of African marigold and to estimate the economics of different treatments. This experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid and Sea weed extract). Treatment T3 (Gibberellic acid @150ppm) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (44.11 cm), no. of branches (43.53), stem diameter (1.61 cm), no. of leaves (118.93), plant spread (37.17 cm2), Bud length (0.93cm), days to 1st flowering (66.07 days), Size of flower (8.77cm), Number of flower per plant (34.10), Self-life (8.67 days), single flower wt. (18.28 g) in African marigold (Tagetes erecta). The economics estimation revealed that maximum benefit cost ratio was at 2.44.

Nutrient Management for Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragariax ananassa) in Vertical Hydroponics System

The present investigation was carried out to find out nutrient management for growth, yield attributes, yield and quality attributes of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under vertical hydroponics tower system in Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications during November-March (2022-23) at Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data were recorded from four randomly selected plants from each replication of the treatments for 14 characters. The 9 treatments comprising of different doses in combination of macro nutrients N:P:K , micro nutrients Zn: B: Fe and organic fertilizer sea weed extract were given in three different stages of the crop i.e., seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage . Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) as plant growth regulator (PGR) was applied in reproductive stage of the crop at the time of flowering for better fruit set. Aqueous solution of nutrients applied at seedling stage followed by vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage , treatment T7 comprising of N- 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, P- 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, K- 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/10 litres of water, at all three stages, respectively, Zn- 0.25,0.35 and 0.45g/10 l of water at all three stages, respectively , B – 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, Fe- 0.65,0.75 and 0.85 mg/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively and organic fertilizer (see weed extract) @ 8 and 10 ml/ 10 litres of water at seedling and vegetative stages and NAA @ 300 ppm was applied at reproductive stage for fruit settings was the best and recorded maximum plant height (18.42cm),plant spread area (18.58cm2), number of leaves per plant (8.21), root length (16.03cm), leaf area (47.75cm2), number of flowers per plant (14.47), number of fruits per plant (14), yield per treatment (1.451kg) with B: C ratio (1:2.72) and quality of the strawberry as TSS (9.330brix), titratable acidity (1.33%) and ascorbic acid (60.45 mg/100g) followed by T6 and T5.

Effects of Slender Carpetweed (Mollugo oppositifolia) Extract on Intestinal Worms of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Poultry is the fastest growing component and one of the most efficient and effective means of food supply to the society in the form of meat and egg. Parasitic infections lead to low productivity and increased mortality in poultry. A total of forty-five (45) apparently healthy Philippine native chickens, regardless of sex and weight, ranging from 4-6 months of age, were randomly distributed in five (5) treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with three (3) birds per replication following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Simple Test Tube Flotation was used to establish which parasite groups are present in the fecal samples. The McMaster technique was also used as a counting chamber which enables a known volume (2 x 0.15 ml) of fecal suspension to be examined microscopically. The number of eggs per gram was calculated by counting the number of eggs within the grid of each chamber which gave the data on eggs per gram (EPG) of feces. The results revealed in T4 (1ml) slender carpet weed extract and T5 (1.5ml) have anthelmintic potentials when used in native chickens. Thus, slender carpet weed extract is an effective deworming agent. Slender carpet weed extract is effective in lowering the egg per gram of intestinal parasites found in native chickens. The optimum volume to ensure effectivity is 1.5 ml which revealed the strongest effect in reducing intestinal worms.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Chromolaena Odorata Extracts on Microbial Isolates

As science and technology advanced, antimicrobial agents were discovered, bringing with them the burden of antimicrobial resistance. This led to the hunt for effective techniques to combat microbial diseases. Chromolaena odorata is often used for traditional wound healing since it helps to stop bleeding quickly. Chromolaena odorata of the Asteraceae family is one of the world's most invasive weeds. It is also known as Siam weed, devil weed, French weed, communist weed, hagonoy, co chon triffid weed, and Awolowo, Akintola, and Obiarakara weed. Chromolaena odorata is often used for traditional wound healing since it helps to stop bleeding quickly. Several studies have shown that Siam weed extract promotes hemostasis and wound healing. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bioactive components and antibacterial efficacy of different extracts of Chromolaena odorata on various microbiological isolates. Fresh leaves were collected, identified, air-dried, and ground. Cold maceration and soxhlet extraction were carried out using ethanol and n-hexane as extractive solvents, respectively. The chemical composition was identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, and the antibacterial action was tested using established protocols. The antimicrobial test revealed that the aqueous extract had a bacteriostatic effect, but the ethanol extract had a bactericidal effect against microbiological isolates at a concentration of 200mg/mL. The most prevalent bioactive chemicals discovered in both extracts are oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. The extracts possessed antibacterial capabilities and included certain bioactive components, which might contribute to their overall efficacy, according to this research.

تأثير التوزيع الحقلي للكتان ومستخلص السفرندا ومبيد Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl في الادغال المرافقة له وبعض مؤشرات النمو

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season for the year 2021-2022 at the Agricultural Research Station A of the Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad/ Al-Jadriya. To determine which of the plant densities has the most influence on the weeds associated with the flax crop (Syrian local variety). And to determine the best effect of the Johnson grass (sorghum halepance L.) weed extract, whether alone or in combination with the used Quizalofop- p- Tefuryl herbicide, and to use it in integratTed weed control programs to reduce dependence on herbicides in weed control, Reduce environmental pollution by these herbicides, According to the design of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In the order of split plot and with three replications, Such as the first factor, the distance between the row (20, 25, and 30) cm that represents the main plots. Then, the second factor is Control treatments which represent the subplots, (weed free (T1), application Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl at a rate of 2 mL commercial substance (T2), Recommended application rate, Johnson grass extract (stem and leaves) at a rate of 18 L (T3), half the amount of herbicide + half the amount of extract (T4), weedy (T5)). The results showed the following: The distance of 20 cm achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest average inhibition of 134.57 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. While the distance of 30 cm achieved the highest plant height of 78.63 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.162 branch/ plant. The highest weight Dry flax plants amounted to 355.21 g/m2. Moreover, the highest percentage of oil was 38.524%. The treatment (T2) achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest percentage of inhibition amounting to 138.87 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. The highest plant height reached 76.92 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.158 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 5.158 branch/ plant. 398.61 g/m2 and the highest percentage of oil was 37.35%. The effect of the interaction between the two study factors was significant in most of the traits under study. As the distance of 20 cm with the T2 treatment achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed amounted to 124.53 g/m2 and the highest inhibition rate of 52.35%. While the interaction between the distance of 30 cm and T2 achieved the highest plant height of 80.04 cm, the highest average number of main branches reached 5.833 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 398.61 g/m2 and achieved the highest percentage of oil amounted to 39.847%.