Potential Of Web Research Articles

The Semantic Web and End Users: What's Wrong and How to Fix It

The Semantic Web's potential to deliver tools that help end users capture, communicate, and manage information has yet to be fulfilled, and far too little research is going into doing so. The author examines the poor state of current tools, argues that the Semantic Web offers a key part of the answer to building better ones, and discusses what needs to change in Semantic Web research to attain that goal. The Web extra video for the Atomate example is available at http://youtu.be/91KF1wEOVhU.

Grammar, Writing, and Technology

English language learners are frequently unable to benefit from the prevailing process-writing approaches due to a lack of grammar and vocabulary knowledge relevant to academic writing. This paper describes how the need for explicit grammar instruction as part of preparing students to write can be addressed by using a collection of learner texts and transforming that collection into an online grammar resource for intermediate nonnative speakers (NNS) of English. Drawing on research in grammar and writing, the use of learner texts, and online interactivity, we outline the development and the prototype of the Internet Writing Resource for the Innovative Teaching of English (iWRITE). We discuss how the judicious use of advanced technology (e.g., XML) facilitated the implementation of iWRITE, an example of one possible approach to embodying aspects of second language acquisition (SLA) theory while taking advantage of the Web's potential for interactivity.

Convergence of collaborative web approaches and interactive TV program formats

PurposeTV changes in several disciplines concurrently: from analogue to digital, from scheduled broadcasts to on‐demand TV on the internet, from a lean‐back (passive) to a lean‐forward (active) media, from straight watching to the consumption of content connected to additional services, from the sole TV viewer to the viewer being part in social networks and communities regarding to the TV content, etc. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the adaptation of design and realization of TV program formats to the changes that happen to television. In addition, the paper would like find out how to support the design of interactions, dynamic narrations and content types as well as the role of the internet within these processes and this application area.Design/methodology/approachCurrently, there exist many approaches towards the development of social, collaborative, and interactive TV program formats and systems. Within the scope of this paper, the authors present latest case studies and example program formats for each case. The paper examines them concerning their interaction possibilities and architecture as well as the influence and utilization of the web. Finally, the paper provides a simple categorization according to the narration character, content, and interactivity types of the listed TV program formats.FindingsCaused by the collaborative and interactive characteristic of the web, a big influence of the web concerning the hardware‐ and content‐sided development of TV is discovered. Nevertheless, the web's potential is absolutely not exploited in this area, neither to give more dynamic to the narration, nor to appreciate the content type or the interactivity. Finally, the paper identifies a high effort, occurrence and development in the interactivity, in contrary to the narration characteristic and content types.Research limitations/implicationsOnly one representative, example TV program format enabling interactions by the viewer for each case in the paper, has been chosen. The authors make no claim to be complete, in covering all genres, possibilities of interaction or TV program formats existing for the field of interactive/social/collaborative TV.Originality/valueThis paper presents an extension of a previous paper presented at the MoMM2009.

Mediated Citizenship and Digital Discipline: A Rhetoric of Control in a Campaign Blog1

The Internet's capacity for interactivity has resulted in greater expectations for public political deliberation and citizen participation in the public sphere, through political campaigning and beyond. Until recently, political candidates have tempered that hope and limited the World Wide Web's potential by controlling the degree and nature of the interactive aspects of their campaign web sites. However, in the 2004 US presidential campaign, candidates surrendered some of that control by incorporating blogs (weblogs) into their web sites. Some campaign blogs allowed citizens to post comments instantaneously without any editing or interference from the campaign itself, and thus had great potential for fostering online rational–critical interaction about politically and socially significant issues, an important form of citizen participation in the public sphere. Nevertheless, through an analysis of Blog For America, the blog on Howard Dean's campaign web site, this essay argues that “bloggers” themselves created a self-disciplining system on the campaign site that maintained control over the campaign's message and muted the potential for meaningful online political deliberation and citizen participation.

The semantic web and language technology, its potential and practicalities: EUROLAN-2003

EUROLAN, which has been held biennially since 1993, is one of the most significant European summer schools in the area of natural language processing. Each of the EUROLAN sessions has focused on an area of timely interest to researchers in the field; this year's EUROLAN involved students in tutorials and hands-on sessions concerned with semantic web technologies as applied to language processing, ontology creation and use, and consideration of the semantic web's potential and limitations.

De La Beaujardiére receives 2003 Charles S. Falkenberg Award

“Jeff de La Beaujardière received his B.A. in physics in 1985 from the University of California, Berkeley and his Ph.D. in astrophysics in 1990 from the University of Colorado, Boulder. Captivated by the Web's potential for information distribution, in 1994 he joined the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, first as a contractor and then as a civil servant. He is currently with the Geospatial Interoperability Office in NASA's Earth Science Applications Division.“From 1994 to 1998, Jeff was Webmaster of NASA's Public Use of Remote Sensing Data Program, whose unofficial motto was ‘Data to the people.’ The Web site was a showcase for satellite images of hurricanes and other natural phenomena. He was also lead Web developer for the GLOBE Visualization project, which displays environmental data gathered and used by a worldwide network of students, teachers, and scientists.

The impact of the web on information and communication modes: the case of corporate environmental disclosure

The World Wide Web (web) considerably enhances corporations' ability to convey their strategies and other relevant information directly to their key stakeholders. However, it is not widely known if and how the advent of the web has modified the way corporations determine their disclosure strategies. Focusing on environmental reporting and using a cost/benefits framework, the study's purpose is twofold. First, we assess the extent of web-based environmental disclosure as well as its determinants. Second, we compare the determinants of print- and web-based environmental reporting. Results suggest that information costs and a firm's proprietary costs as well as its level of media exposure are the key determinants of both print- and web-based environmental disclosure. Results also suggest that environmental disclosure is determined by a firm's context (age of fixed assets, size, SEC regulations), with industry-wide trends and practices playing an important role in explaining both print and web environmental disclosure. Furthermore, results show an extensive overlap between print disclosure and web disclosure, with the use of the web as a disclosure platform still being driven by traditional print-based considerations. Hence, it appears that the web's potential as a reporting platform is not fully exploited.

Newspapers' Web Sites Add Little to Print Version of Environmental News

Americans have become increasingly concerned with the interaction of our society and the environment1 and have turned to the news media for information on that interaction. To quench the public thirst for information, the news media have increased their coverage of environmental issues.2Critics, however, say this coverage is fraught with problems. One common complaint is that the media do not put issues into proper context.3 Context, defined as coherent analysis that helps makes complex topics understandable, is necessary in newspaper reporting because of competition from other media such as television and radio, which offer little context.4 In addition, research has shown that readers learn more from articles with background and context included.5 Another frequent criticism of environmental coverage is that it is too focused on controversy,6 which could mean space that could have been devoted to context is spent explaining battle lines. The World Wide Web, with its unlimited space and hyperlinking ability, offers news organizations the potential to correct such flaws.7This study examines the types of context leading U.S. daily newspapers include in their environmental coverage and whether they are using the Web's potential to improve context in their coverage. The following research questions are posed:RQ1:How much and what types of context do leading U.S. daily newspapers provide in their print versions of environmental articles?RQ2:Are leading U.S. daily newspapers using the Internet to provide more context in online versions of environmental articles than in the print versions?RQ3:Does presence of an adversarial frame relate to the amount of context provided?MethodA content analysis was conducted to get a picture of what is typical in both print and Web coverage of the environment in leading U.S. dailies.The four opinion-leading newspapers in the country are The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times.8 USA Today was used in this study in place of The Wall Street Journal because of USA Today's greater circulation and influence.9 The Christian Science Monitor, another national newspaper, also was examined because of its depth in science and environmental coverage.Most Web content analyses emphasize data collection during a particular time frame because of rapidly changing site content and lack of uniform archiving standards online.10 Therefore, this study is based on data from a fixed, three-week period (Feb. 22 to March 14, 2001). Each print version of an environmental article collected during the sample period was one unit of analysis and the Web version of the article was another. All environmental articles identified in the print version of the newspaper were included in the study.11 Two coders tracked the print newspapers for any environmental articles and then looked for articles on the respective newspaper's Web site.12This study borrows nine measures of context from prior research, each coded as present (1) or not present (0). These were references to research on which the articles was based, historical context,13 comparisons using similar examples,14 references to other related research, sources of additional information,15 maps, photographs, diagrams/illustrations and audio and/or video. Scores from the variables above were added to produce a context score, which theoretically could range from zero to nine. In addition, the number of paragraphs and number of visual elements were recorded. Finally, the presence of an adversarial frame, or dichotomy or duality, was noted. The most obvious example of such a frame is a representation of issues in terms of two distinct, mutually exclusive camps.16ResultsTwo-hundred and fifteen environmental articles were coded from the print versions of the five newspapers. Of the articles, 96 percent (N = 206) appeared on the Web, adding to a combined total of 421 coded articles from print and the Web. …

A framework for open, flexible and distributed e-learning

Designing open, flexible distance learning systems on the World Wide Web requires thoughtful analysis and investigation combined with an understanding of both the Web's attributes and resources and the ways instructional design principles can be applied to tap the Web's potential. A framework for open, flexible, and distributed learning has been developed to provide guidance in designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instructional and training materials on the Web. The proposed framework is based on eight interrelated and interdependent dimensions and associated subdimensions as follows: (1) pedagogical (content, goals/objectives, design approach, methods and strategies, organization, instructional medium, evaluation); (2) technological (infrastructure, hardware, software); (3) interface design (page and site design, navigation, usability testing); (4) online support (instructional/counseling support, technical support); (5) management (maintenance of learning environment, distribution of information); (6) resource support (online resources, offline resources); (7) ethical (social and cultural diversity, geographical diversity, learner diversity, information accessibility, etiquette, legal issues); and (8) institutional (academic affairs, student services). The proposed framework is said to have the potential to provide guidance in designing Web-based learning materials; reviewing Web-based instruction and training courses; organizing resources for Web-based learning; designing comprehensive authoring systems; and designing distributed learning systems, virtual universities, and cyberschools. (Contains 45 references.) (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Saturday 8 April, 2000 Dr. Badrul H. Khan Crossroads of the New Millennium A Framework for Open, Flexible and Distributed Learning Prepared and Presented

Learning, the Web's Potential

Learning, the Web's Potential

Discussion of Resources and Attributes of the Web for the Creation of Meaningful Learning Environments

Web-based instruction (WBI) is a hypermedia-based instructional program that utilizes the attributes and resources of the World Wide Web to create a meaningful learning environment where learning is fostered and supported. A WBI learning environment should include many resources, support collaboration, implement Web-based activities as part of the learning framework, and support both novices and experts. WBI design requires careful consideration of the Web's potential in relation to instructional design principles. In this article, A WBI program is discussed in terms of various components and features that can be conducive to learning environments. Components are integral parts of a WBI system. Features are characteristics of a WBI program contributed by those components. Components, individually and jointly, can contribute to one or more features. For example, E-mail (component) in a WBI program can provide asynchronous communication (feature) to students and the instructor. Likewise E-mail, listservs, newsgroups, conferencing tools, etc. (components) can jointly contribute to the creation of a virtual community (feature) on the Web. Careful examination of issues important to learners and an understanding of capabilities of WBI components and features can facilitate the design of meaningful learning environments and relevant learning opportunities. Advances in information technology, coupled with the changes in society, are creating new paradigms for education. Participants in this new educational paradigm require rich learning environments supported by well-designed learning resources. The Web, as a medium of learning and instruction, has the potential to support the creation of well-designed learning resources, such as Web-based instruction (WBI).

Libraries and Imagination at the Dawn of the World Wide Web

This article traces discussions from 1991 to 1994 about the impact of the World Wide Web on libraries. Librarians and other information professionals commented about the Web's potential as a tool for organizing and using materials on the Internet in print journals devoted to library science, in periodicals about computing trends, and in online media such as discussion lists. Evaluation of the Web took place in the context of interest in Internet Gopher, WAIS and similar applications, and the wish to simplify access to online information. Librarians reading about the Web at that time encountered two schools of thought. Some visionaries hoped that the Internet would free researchers from relying on intermediaries, including librarians. Practical-minded librarians, on the other hand, emphasized organizing the Internet as a service to readers. Both camps saw potential value in the World Wide Web. By 1994, librarians were experimenting with specific Web-based projects to organize digital information, improve online searching, guide users, and publish texts online. Libraries were soon using Web-related software to fulfill traditional missions in the new online environment.

Mobile-agent coordination models for Internet applications

Internet applications face challenges that mobile agents and the adoption of enhanced coordination models may overcome. Each year more applications shift from intranets to the Internet, and Internet-oriented applications become more popular. New design and programming paradigms call help harness the Web's potential. Traditional distributed applications assign a set of processes to a given execution environment that, acting as local-resource managers, cooperating a network-unaware fashion. In contrast, the mobile-agent paradigm defines applications as consisting of network-aware entities-agents-which can exhibit mobility by actively changing their execution environment, transferring themselves during execution. The authors propose a taxonomy of possible coordination models for mobile-agent applications, then use their taxonomy to survey and analyze resent mobile-agent coordination proposals. Their case study, which focuses on a Web-based information-retrieval application, helps show that the mobility of application components and the distribution area's breadth can create coordination problems different from those encountered in traditional distributed applications.

Contingencies and Communications in Cyberspace: The World Wide Web and Non‐Hierarchical Co‐ordination

The widespread public deployment of the World Wide Web may initiate substantial changes in the organizations tasked to deal with crises, contingencies and disasters, particularly in the systems responsible for communications and coordination. A number of properties of the Web make it an attractive addition to the communications systems in place today. These include the Web's potential for speed, interactivity, hyper‐textuality and character as both a broadcast, as well as a more restricted, communications vehicle.When viewed in light of recent work on organizational complexity, the Web seems to be an appropriate technical infrastructure for communications and organizational design and may have some useful properties in making such organizations better equipped to deal with emergencies or other unexpected events. Whether the Web is purposefully integrated into communications and coordination systems or not, it is likely to be relied on increasingly as an informal and adaptable system used by community members and by a broad array of public and private organizations. Emergency preparedness and emergency response organizations may wish to understand more about how key communication and coordination tasks can be achieved by using the Web.

Adolescent Girls' Expression on Web Home Pages

This exploratory study examined the potential of the internet to furnish new forums for girls' self-expression. Although many scholars concur that girls benefit from access to safe spaces where they feel comfortable expressing themselves, such sites have historically been sparse. The World Wide Web (WWW) now allows those with access and expertise to construct personal home pages to present their thoughts to a geographically removed, anonymous, yet potentially global public. This qualitative study describes adolescent girls' expression on their web home pages. Three general tones captured the diversity of self-expression on girls' home pages; these tones were labelled spirited, sombre, and self-conscious. Tones were differentiated by their presentation style, content, and degree of self-disclosure. In addition to extensive description of the girls' home pages, the web's potential as a new 'safe space' for girls' self-expression is discussed.

Commentary—Predictions for Web Technologies in Optimization

In surveying the World Wide Web's potential in operations research and management science, Bhargava and Krishnan (H. K. Bhargava and R. Krishnan. The World Wide Web: Opportunities for Operations Research and Management Science. INFORMS Journal on Computing, Vol. 10, No. 4, 359–383, 1988) often use examples of applications in optimization or mathematical programming to explain connections between advances in optimization and in computer science.

The World Wide Web: A Pain and Symptom Control Resource for Professionals and the Public

The Internet and World Wide Web have emerged as vitally important resources for health care professionals. Their powerful linking capabilities have revolutionized conventional concepts of information searching and retrieval. Moreover, the interactive nature of Web sites opens vast possibilities for knowledge sharing and education in the areas of pain and symptom control for both health care professionals and the general public. This article provides an introduction to the nature of the World Wide Web for health care professionals and discusses the Web's potential contributions to information dissemination, education and interchange in the health sciences community.