Web Service Description Language Research Articles

An efficient starling murmuration-based secure web service model for smart city application using DBN

The advent of IoT devices increased internet usage more than smartphones and personal computers. The manual analysis of the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) document is quite expensive and time-consuming, hence this paper proposes a novel deep learning architecture to overcome the issue associated with web service classification. A structural self-organized deep belief network (SSODBN) is used for real-time web service classification in different fields such as Education, Smart electricity, Intelligent road networks, Health and social care, and Sports, water, and gas distribution. The SSODBN architecture utilizes a dropout strategy to minimize the interrelationship between the feature detectors and a regularized reinforced transfer function to eliminate the irrelevant weights. The main advantage offered by the S-DBN architecture is the improved preprocessing with feature selection. The Starling Murmuration Optimizer (SMO) is utilized in this paper to minimize the reconstruction error of the S-DBN architecture. The security of the smart city architecture is mainly improved via the blockchain defined network (BDN) using user-authenticated blocks. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method managed the scalability, latency, and centralization issues with superior data transmission.

Semantic Annotation Based Mechanism for Web Service Discovery and Recommendation

Web Mining is regarded as one among the data mining techniques that aids in fetching and extraction of necessary data from the web. Conversely, Web usage mining discovers and extracts essential patterns usage over the webs which are being further utilized by various web applications. In order to discover and explore web services that are registered with documents of Web Services-Inspection, Discovery and Integration registry, Universal Description wants specific search circumstance similar to URL, category and service name. The document of Web Service Description Language (WSDL) offers a condition of the web services customers to take out operations, communications and the service format of right message. Therefore, WSDL is being utilized together with semantic explanation dependent substantiation for the extraction of different web services for related purpose, other supporting operations and attributes. The reason is that there subsist different web services having corresponding functionalities however altered or changeable attributes that are non–functional. Resultant, recognize the preeminent web service become tiresome for the user. A method is projected which caters the analysis of service resemblance with the aid of semantic annotation and machine learning (ML) algorithms depending on the analysis intended for enhancing the classification through capturing useful web services semantics related with real world. The emphasizes on the research technique of choosing preeminent web service for the user based on the semantic annotation. The research work in turn recommends a web mining technique that determines the best web service automatically thus ranking concepts in service textual documentation and classifies services on behalf of particular domains. Parallel computation is made easy with web services. The different management stages in the system of recommendation entail collection of dataset through WSDL on the semantic annotation basis, thereby recognizing the best service with the DOBT-Dynamic operation dependent discovering method, ranking through mechanisms MDBR - Multi-Dimensional based ranking, recommendation and classification. In this work, it has been employed a combination of fundamental ML estimators, namely Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), as well as ensemble techniques such as Bagging, Random Forests, and AdaBoost, to perform classification of Web services. It was observed from the investigate work that the adapted system of best web services recommendation defers high performance in contradiction of the existing recommendation technique regarding accuracy, efficiency in addition to processing time.

Semantic Annotation Based Effective and Quality Oriented Web Service Discovery

The main objective of this work is to design an effective web service discovery engine that retrieves the best matching results based on the measure of syntactic cum semantic similarity between the user query and the web service to be fetched. The idea is to draw bridges across the broad spectrum of lexical entities based on their relativeness. The essence of this work could be extended to support a wide range of applications from ‘being inculcated in search engines to fetch user-relevant data’ to ‘being used for training robots and AI based devices to respond/adhere appropriately to the different phrases of human commands’.With the accelerated revolution of internet, enterprises and organizations highly rely on Service oriented computing. Web services support inter-operation of distributed applications. Humongous amount of web services present on the internet the user is searching for. The paper focuses ondesigninga practical means of fast and relevant retrieval of web services.The phrase used for searching any given web service differs from one person to another. This work deals with the syntactic cum semantic mechanism proposed for retrieving web services based on the measure of similarity between the name of the web service and the search query entered by the user to discover that service. A list of the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) files is taken as the dataset. Protégé is the tool used for semantic annotation of WSDL files for converting them to Semantically Annotated Web Service Description Language (SAWSDL) files. ‘Wordnet’ is used as the lexical dictionary and Java language has been used to build the rest of the package for implementing the search discovery mechanism.Netbeans is used as IDE.Wamp server with PHPMyAdmin was used for managing the database of SAWSDL files. The degree of similarity is measured by evaluating performance of the engine using metrics such as ‘Precision’, ‘Recall’, ‘Accuracy’ and ‘F-measure’.While the syntactic approach is easier to implement, it suffers from keyword polysemy issues. The proposed search discovery mechanism is based on semantically annotating WSDL files and retrieving the files based on a novel syntactic cum semantic discovery algorithm which usesLeocockChordorow function for computing the similarity. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested experimentally by building a desktop application using Java.The WSDL files from various domains were semantically annotated by tagging related concepts using ontology. Themachine learning algorithm that best classifies the web services on the basis of their performance metrics is identified. The related services are retrieved by the application of the proposed LCH based Syntactic cum Semantic discovery algorithm (LCH based SSDA).A ranking system is proposed to rank the results by evaluating various QoS attributes. The results of the experiment showed that the proposed system yielded high precision and recall value.The solution has been found to be effective in minimizing the execution time and in improving the degree of relevancy. With an impending need for constructing a semantic context based secure structure,the proposed solution will- help in refining the search results and in minimizing users’ cognitive load during search formulation and execution.

Improving Conformance of Web Services: A Constraint-based Model-driven Approach

Web services have been widely used to develop complex distributed software systems in the context of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). As a standard for describing Web services, the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) provides a universal mechanism to describe the service’s functionalities for the service consumers. However, the current WSDL only provides the description of the interfaces to a Web Service without any restrictions or assumptions on how to properly invoke the service, resulting in divergent understanding of the Web service’s behavior between the service developer and service consumer. A particular challenge is how to make explicit the various behavior assumptions and restrictions of a service (for the user), and make sure that the service implementation conforms to them (for the developer). In this article, we propose a constraint-based model-driven approach to improving the behavior conformance of Web services. In our approach, constraints are introduced in an extended WSDL, called CxWSDL, to formally and explicitly express the implicit restrictions and assumptions on the behavior of a Web service, and then the predefined constraints are used to derive test cases in a model-driven manner to test the service implementation’s conformance to its behavior constraints from the user’s perspective. An empirical study involving four real-life Web services was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, and four actual inconsistencies were discovered.

Detection of web service anti-patterns using weighted extreme learning machine

‘Anti-Pattern’ is a term often used by software engineers and practitioners nowadays. An anti-pattern is a supplement of the design pattern. Similar to design patterns, an anti-pattern is a template and a repeatable way of solving a specific problem, but in a non-optimal and ineffective way. Therefore, there is a requirement for the timely identification and modification of anti-patterns to increase software systems performance and efficiency. Anti-pattern detection using the source code metric can be used as an initial step in the software development life cycle, both to reduce the maintenance of the software system and to improve the quality of the software. The work in this paper empirically investigates the effectiveness of two machine learning algorithms, i.e., Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Weighted Extreme Learning Machine (WELM), with four different kernels in detecting web service anti-patterns. This work also investigates the application of different aggregation techniques and data sampling techniques to handle imbalanced data in predicting five different anti-patterns. The inference of this research is studied over 226 WSDL (Web Service Description Language) files. The experimental findings reveal that the model developed by WELM has superior prediction accuracy compared to the model developed by ELM.

A Framework for Service Semantic Description Based on Knowledge Graph

To construct a large-scale service knowledge graph is necessary. We propose a method, namely semantic information extension, for service knowledge graphs. We insist on the information of services described by Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and we design the ontology layer of web service knowledge graph and construct the service graph, and using the WSDL document data set, the generated service knowledge graph contains 3738 service entities. In particular, our method can give a full performance to its effect in service discovery. To evaluate our approach, we conducted two sets of experiments to explore the relationship between services and classify services that develop by service descriptions. We constructed two experimental data sets, then designed and trained two different deep neural networks for the two tasks to extract the semantics of the natural language used in the service discovery task. In the prediction task of exploring the relationship between services, the prediction accuracy rate reached 95.1%, and in the service classification experiment, the accuracy rate of TOP5 reached 60.8%. Our experience shows that the service knowledge graph has additional advantages over traditional file storage when managing additional semantic information is effective and the new service representation method is helpful for service discovery and composition tasks.

Web service discovery based on maximum weighted bipartite graphs

Web service discovery is the process that service requestor or user finds services to meet their requirements, its core technologies include Web service description language and the service matching algorithm. Duo to services with more ambiguity, using service-oriented computing in the process of finding service without strong restriction can cause some error services which have the same background but not satisfy the initial request returned. In order to eliminate the effect of this kind of situation in service-oriented computing, we present a novel approach for Web service retrieval based on the evaluation of similarity between Web service interfaces. The algorithm automatically distributes the keyword weights for the request service, in order to weaken the weight of some keywords in request service have the same background in services set, which is to help the request service find the more accurate results. The experiments show that our solution outperforms some searching methods.

Joint Deep Networks Based Multi-Source Feature Learning for QoS Prediction

The ever-increasing diversity and dynamic of cloud environment pose many challenges on QoS prediction in service recommendation. One such challenge is how to extract and learn deep features of users/services from multi-source information to improve prediction accuracy. In this article, we propose a novel Joint Deep Networks based Multi-source Feature Learning(JDNMFL) framework for QoS prediction. JDNMFL has two parts: Multi-source Feature Extraction and Feature Interaction Learning. In the first part, a latent factor embedding method is first proposed to capture implicit features from QoS matrix, and then the multi-source features, combined by explicit features from WSDL(Web Services Description Language) document and contextual data as well as implicit features, are extracted based on the combination of matrix factorization and neural networks. In the second part, the CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)-based joint deep networks are built to learn both local and global high-order feature interactions, and to complete the final QoS prediction based on mixed features. Experimental results demonstrate that our JDNMFL approach can not only extract and integrate implicit and explicit features of various multi-source data, but also can learn feature sequence and feature interactions, so that it is very effective in improving the accuracy of QoS prediction with sparse data.

Evaluation of Schema Languages: RNG and WXS on Interface Complexity Metric

A complex interface can disorient the user in a mild situation while designing web-based application. Thus, measure should be taken to reduce the complexity and provide reasonable qualities (simplicity, generality and usability) to the user. This paper evaluates Interface Complexity Metric (ICM) between two xml schema languages: World Wide Web Consortium XML Schema (WXS) and Regular Language for Next Generation (RNG) to weigh human insight on the factors affecting effort for comprehending schema documents; taking into account elements and attributes of xml documents; acquired from Web Services Description Language (WSDL). It is probable to lure decisions about the professed qualities; that out of one hundred and twenty (120) schema documents implemented in rng and wxs; rng has the lowest complexity values for almost all the schema documents when compared with wxs because rng exhibits better presentation with high degree of simplicity, generality and usability qualities than wxs. Therefore, this is benefited to developers in assisting them in writing less lengthy code and simplifying software modularization.

Automatic generation of Web service for the Praxeme software aspect from the ReLEL requirements model

Praxeme is an enterprise methodology that combines the two approaches SOA and MDA to build an information system. It is based on the ideology of separating the business concern into a homogeneous set called "aspect" to better control the usual complexity of a system. The instantiation of the ReLEL requirements model in the Praxeme methodology is an interesting approach to improve the quality of the software development process because it not only allows to specify the user requirements but also to represent the very precise conceptual level of the future system to be designed. Therefore, this article deals with the automatic generation of SOAP web services that represent the software aspect of the Praxeme methodology from the intentional aspect specified by the ReLEL requirements model. To achieve this, we proceeded in two steps, namely the proposal of the rules for deriving the Praxeme Logical Factory Model (logical aspect) into a Web Service Description Language model or WSDL (software aspect) classified as Model to Model Transformation (M2M) in the MDA approach and then the proposal of the rules for translating the WSDL model into a WSDL document known as Model to Text Translation (M2T). The result obtained from the approach proposed in this paper is a WSDL file which is an XML language allowing the complete description of a Web service. We used ATL for the implementation of the M2M approach transformation rules and then the Acceleo template engine for the translation of the M2T.

Basic Components of Web Services Architecture: A Survey

Service provided by one electronic device to the other electronic device or devices is generally called as a web service. It may be a block of code that can be remotely accessed and utilized. In the present IT industry web services are playing a vital role in application development by providing a facility of using the existing modules to make up an application without coding from the scratch. This improves the productivity and reduces the overall project development cost and time. This paper provides the basic information of the components that supports the usage of web service along with the web service architecture. The components that are required for the web service architecture such as SOAP: simple object access protocol: used for establishing connection between components, UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration):a registry that stores all the web services and WSDL: web service description language.

Comparative Analysis of XML Schema Languages for Improved Entropy Metric

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a data set to represent data in a format that is both human readable and machine readable. For XML documents to provide understanding about data exchange between applications, XML schema documents should be validated against the schema language. Most existing schema metrics were implemented differently in Document Type Definition (DTD), XML Schema Definition (XSD) and Regular Language for Next Generation (RNG) but never compare XML schema languages on any metric. Hence this paper compared three different schema languages on Improved Entropy Metric (IEM) using the Number of Attributes (NA), Number of Equivalence Class (NEC), Frequency Occurrence of Class (FOCi) and Number of Elements (NE). The proposed metric was applied on real schemas documents data are acquired from Web Service Description Language (WSDL) and implemented in DTD, XSD and RNG. The result showed that RNG reduce complexity of class elements, reflect strong support for class elements to appear in any order which showed more reusability and flexibility traits and overall understanding of the schema documents becomes much easier because RNG can be algorithmically converted and partner with other schema languages therefore this reduces maintenance effort. Keywords— XML Schema Language, Schema Documents, Schema Metrics

Benchmark Dataset Selection of Web Services Technologies: A Factor Analysis

Web services have emerged as an accessible technology with the standard ’Extensible Mark Up’ (XML) language, which is known as ’Web Services Description Language’ WSDL. Web services have become a promising technology to promote the interrelationship between service providers and users. Web services users’ trust is measured by quality metrics. Web service quality metrics vary in many benchmark datasets used in the existing studies. The selection of a benchmark dataset is problematic to classify and retest web services. This paper proposes a method to rank web services quality metrics for the selection of benchmark web services datasets. To measure the diversity in quality metrics, factor analysis with Varimax rotation and scree plot is a well-established method. We use factor analysis to determine percentage variance among principal factors of four benchmark datasets. Our results showed that the two-factor solution explained 94.501, 76.524, and 45.009% variances in datasets A, B, and D, respectively. A three-factor solution explained 85.085% variance in dataset C. Reliability, and response time quality metrics were predicted as the most dominating quality metrics that contributed to explain the percentage variance in four datasets. Our proposed web metric ranking (WMR) method resulted in reliability as the top-most web metric with (57.62%) score and latency web metric at the bottom-most with (3.60%) score. The proposed WMR method showed a high (96.17%) ranking precision. Obtained results verified that factor solutions after reducing the dimensions could be generalized and used in the quality improvement of web services. In future works, the authors plan to focus on a dataset with dominating quality metrics to perform regression testing of web services.

Stage-by-stage technology for developing of integrated e-trading management system

In this work, we present the stage-by-stage technology for development of integrated e-trading management system which consists of four basic stages. As a first stage in accomplishing this goal, we set out to apply a methodology of functional modelling SADT (IDEF0) to develop a functional model for a large e-trade enterprise. At the second stage of this technology, we wanted to ascertain scheme of e-trading business processes conformity to modules of the developed functional model and establish their relationships with the organisational structural elements of the e-trade enterprise. At the third stage of technology, we have turned our attention to developing an architecture model for integrated e-trading management system. A service-oriented architecture (SOA) using enterprise service bus (ESB) concept is offered for architectural implementation. Typical IS that belong to the web-system are used as services. The web-services implement SOAP protocol based on Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI) specifications. Finally, as a fourth stage of technology, we presented the method of software implementation for integrated e-trading management system.

ABCD 3.0 Ready to Use

The TDWG standard ABCD (Access to Biological Collections Data task group 2007) was aimed at harmonizing terminologies used for modelling biological collection information and is used as a comprehensive data format for transferring collection and observation data between software components. The project ABCD 3.0 (A community platform for the development and documentation of the ABCD standard for natural history collections) was financed by the German Research Council (DFG). It addressed the transformation of ABCD into a semantic web-compliant ontology by deconstructing the XML-schema into individually addressable RDF (Resource Description Framework) resources published via the TDWG Terms Wiki (https://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/ABCD_2). In a second step, informal properties and concept-relations described by the original ABCD-schema were transformed into a machine-readable ontology and revised (Güntsch et al. 2016). The project was successfully finished in January 2019. The ABCD 3 setup allows for the creation of standard-conforming application schemas. The XML variant of ABCD 3.0 was restructured, simplified and made more consistent in terms of element names and types as compared to version 2.x. The XML elements are connected to their semantic concepts using the W3C SAWSDL (Semantic Annotation for Web Services Description Language and XML Schema) standard. The creation of specialized applications schemas is encouraged, the first use case was the application schema for zoology. It will also be possible to generate application schemas that break the traditional unit-centric structure of ABCD. Further achievements of the project include creating a Wikibase instance as the editing platform, with related tools for maintenance queries, such as checking for inconsistencies in the ontology and automated export into RDF. This allows for fast iterations of new or updated versions, e.g. when additional mappings to other standards are done. The setup is agnostic to the data standard created, it can therefore also be used to create or model other standards. Mappings to other standards like Darwin Core (https://dwc.tdwg.org/) and Audubon Core (https://tdwg.github.io/ac/) are now machine readable as well. All XPaths (XML Paths) of ABCD 3.0 XML have been mapped to all variants of ABCD 2.06 and 2.1, which will ease transition to the new standard. The ABCD 3 Ontology will also be uploaded to the GFBio Terminology Server (Karam et al. 2016), where individual concepts can be easily searched or queried, allowing for better interactive modelling of ABCD concepts. ABCD documentation now adheres to TDWG’s Standards Documentation Standard (SDS, https://www.tdwg.org/standards/sds/) and is located at https://abcd.tdwg.org/. The new site is hosted on Github: https://github.com/tdwg/abcd/tree/gh-pages.

Web Services Architecture Model to Support Distributed Systems

Recently, web services have presented a new and evolving model for constructing the distributed system. The meteoric growth of the Web over the last few years proves the efficacy of using simple protocols over the Internet as the basis for a large number of web services and applications. Web service is a modern technology of web, which can be defined as software applications with a programmatic interface based on Internet protocol. Web services became common in the applications of the web by the help of Universal, Description, Discovery and Integration; Web Service Description Language and Simple Object Access Protocol. The architecture of web services refers to a collection of conceptual components in which common sets of standard can be defined among interoperating components. Nevertheless, the existing Web service's architecture is not impervious to some challenges, such as security problems, and the quality of services. Against this backdrop, the present study will provide an overview of these issues. Therefore, it aims to propose web services architecture model to support distributed system in terms of application and issues.

The Generation of the Components Meta-Models of an E-Orientation System Using the WSDL-UML Transformation

Recently the utility of E-orientation platforms is important in the student's life to choose the best path of their academic and professional development. In a first article, we have introduced a comparison and description of the existing E-orientation platforms, which is based on the WSDL, the purpose of which is to have a descriptive file enriched by features. In this research paper, we introduced an approach for transforming the resulting WSDL document (a Web services description language) that is long and detailed into a visual model (expressed in the UML Unified Modeling Language). This modeling will help us to propose a meta-model of E-orientation platforms to facilitate the guidness of students.

Formal Web Services Description Language based Test Cases Creation for Testing Web Services

Formal Web Services Description Language based Test Cases Creation for Testing Web Services

In Container Integration Testing Frame Work

In Container Integration testing framework is a combination of four open source technologies. Arquillian, Test NG, JaCoCo, and Maven. The aim of this work is to deals with automating the code using JaCoCo. JaCoCo is a Java framework calculates code coverage. It find’s the amount of code coverage in each lines of module that has been executed or missed and finally it will be deploy to wild fly server in the user matrix project source container.The main idea behind developing in this automation testing framework is able to test server side components developed using Java. The tests will be such that they will run in the container/application server (e.g. Wild Fly) where the server side component (e.g. test1) is deployed and because of that the tests will be able to use all the real resources (e.g. EJB etc.) provided by the container instead of mocking them.[1]Web Service Description Language (WSDL) specification, we first automatically generate necessary Java code to implement a client. We then leverage automated unit test generation tools for Java to generate unit tests, and execute the generated unit tests, which in turn invoke the service under test. The next important objective is to calculate amount of code covered by the test cases.

Managing Web Service Interface Complexity via an OO Metric-based Early Approach

Web Services have been steadily gaining maturity as their adoption in the software industry grew. Accordingly, metric suites for assessing different quality attributes of Web Service artifacts have been proposed recently - e.g., for services interfaces in WSDL (Web Service Description Language). Like any other software artifact, WSDL documents have several inherent attributes (e.g., size or complexity) that can be measured. We present an approach to prevent a high complexity on services interfaces (WSDLs), to ease consumers to reason about services' offered functionality. Mostly, WSDLs are automatically derived from object-oriented (OO) source code, with a likely impact on complexity. Thereby, we study the statistical relationships between a recent metric suite of service interface complexity (proposed by Basci & Misra) and the well-known Chidamber & Kemerer's OO metric suite (applied to service implementations), on a data-set of 154 real-world services. First, a theoretical validation of Baski & Misra's suite (using Weyuker's properties) is presented, to prove the ability to measure complexity in WSDL documents. Then, after finding high correlation between both metric suites, we have conducted a series of experiments to analyze how certain refactorings on services' source codes prior to derive WSDLs might reduce complexity. In this way, our approach exploits OO metrics as development-time indicators, to guide software developers towards obtaining less complex service interfaces.