Web Service System Research Articles

Retriever: A view-based approach to reverse engineering software architecture models

Software systems, which have become an integral part of our daily lives, are constantly evolving and growing in complexity. The challenge of understanding and managing these systems has led to a shift towards automated extraction of models from software artifacts. However, extracting architectural models for web service or microservice systems is challenging due to the heterogeneity of formats, languages, and semantics. This challenge arises from the independent deployment and loose coupling of services, as well as the diverse technologies and platforms that comprise the heterogeneous artifacts. This paper addresses this issue with two key ideas: a knowledge representation model for diverse artifacts and a framework for integrating individual views into a unified architectural model. The former involves model-to-model transformations that consider technology-specific relationships and concepts. At the same time, the latter uses model transformation and composition techniques to create a unified model based on an existing metamodel. This work goes beyond the current state of the art by introducing an approach for reconstructing component-based software architectures and combining model-driven reverse engineering processes to capture information across multiple views. As empirical evidence of its applicability and accuracy, we report on its successful application in real projects of different sizes. Our evaluation shows scalability in generating architectural models and can reconstruct the components of a software system and their interactions with F1 values up to 0.94 for structural properties and up to 0.88 for behavioral properties.

Performance Analysis of an E-commerce Website Using Distributed Servers (Case Study: Ecommerce Bumdes Sarining Kukuh Winangun)

Digital transformation has significantly altered our interactions by leveraging the internet for fast global information exchange and collaboration. This shift impacts businesses, individuals, organizations, and governments by increasing the demand for fast, reliable web services. To meet these demands, many organizations are turning to distributed server infrastructures, which help handle large storage needs and avoid performance issues. This research focuses on creating a distributed web server system that uses Round-Robin load balancing to evenly distribute traffic and enhance performance. The Round-Robin algorithm’s simplicity and effectiveness in balancing loads, combined with the advantages of virtualization, such as cost efficiency, improved performance, and better resource management are central to this approach. Virtualization also offers improved scalability, accuracy, and security, further enhancing overall system efficiency and effectiveness in data centers. This research evaluates and contrasts the performance of websites utilizing distributed servers against those using single servers. The findings indicate that websites with distributed servers significantly outperform those with single servers. Specifically, distributed servers offer response times that are 5.8 times faster, achieve 2.2 times more successful responses, and transfer 2.1 times more data than single servers. Additionally, single servers experience a much higher rate of timeouts, with 14.2 times more occurrences compared to distributed servers.

小型农用液压底盘远程驾驶控制系统的设计与试验

Aiming at the adaptability and safety problems of agricultural machinery in hilly and mountainous areas, the remote driving control system of agricultural full hydraulic chassis is designed based on ARM-Linux platform. The whole remote driving system is composed of Web upper computer, server system and chassis drive system. According to the requirements of chassis operation, the STM32F407 is used as the lower computer to realize the running control and motion status monitoring of the chassis. Taking the I.MX6ULL as the hardware platform, the Linux as the software platform, and 4G communications as the Web Server, the remote driving of the chassis is realized through Web pages on the computer. It can be seen from the test results that the minimum RTT delay from the Web page driving to the lower computer is 170 ms; the maximum RTT delay is 1310 ms, and the average RTT delay is 222.75 ms. The real-time interactivity of the control system meets the needs of remote driving of the agricultural machinery. The research provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of the remote driving system of the agricultural machinery.

Application of Forward Chaining and Rule-Based Reasoning Methods to Design an Expert System for Pregnant Women Disease Diagnosis in a Private Hospital

This research aims to discover how to create and implement an expert system for prenatal disease diagnosis. To prepare this study, the author employed several data collection techniques, including observation, interviews, and a literature review. The system to be designed was developed using an object-oriented paradigm and a Rapid Application Development (RAD) technique. Multiple development stages are involved in creating RAD, including requirement planning, workshop design, and implementation. Based on the study findings, it was discovered that the PHP programming language, MySQL database management system, Apache web server, UML tool, and RAD system development methodology were used to create an expert system for identifying illnesses in expectant mothers. The forward chaining method is used for this expert system, where the first stages are to create an inference tree and set rules. This system likewise computes the consistency test using the Bayes theorem method. With an 80% accuracy rate, SISPADIBU can be used as a diagnostic tool for disorders related to pregnancy. SISPADIBU can use the user-entered symptoms to present the diagnosis results. According to the survey results, 80% of users said that SISPADIBU was highly user-friendly, that the layout display was simple to use, and that it was constructive in educating users about pregnancy disorders.

Detection of malicious requests aimed at disrupting the availability of cyber-physical systems

The work is devoted to solving the problem of algorithmization of the security management processes of cyber-physical systems by detecting malicious requests aimed at disrupting the availability of management interfaces. Particular attention is paid to attacks aimed at denial of service of cyber-physical systems by sending HTTP-flood to web management interfaces. This paper proposes algorithmic provision for comprehensive adaptive analysis of incoming requests. The proposed algorithm for the detection of malicious requests analyses the activity of the investigated components of the cyber-physical system's web service at various network levels. The work applies a visual analysis and data processing method based on the representation as a single normalized set. The raw data of the analysed queries is grouped in a special way to detect a particular anomaly as a suspected threat. Examples of data changes and security responses are given. The experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithmic software achieves first- and second-order error reduction compared to the commonly used regression models in modern application-layer firewalls. The results obtained can be applied to the further development of the theory of information security, in particular the information security of cyber-physical systems and systems of processing of especially protected confidential information.

Design and Implementation of a Universal Authentication System for Web Services

Design and Implementation of a Universal Authentication System for Web Services

Integration Model of Academic Information Systems and Learning Management Systems with REST Web Services Using External Databases

ICT products like Academic Information Systems (AIS) and LMS are commonlyutilized in Indonesian universities. These two ICT tools will be of tremendous use tohigher education institutions in managing their academic business procedures. The twosystems are still not connected in many higher institutions, nevertheless, for examplewhen it comes to handling academic data. If the management and integration processis carried out conventionally, it will be challenging and inefficient due to the massivevolume of data and complexity of these two systems. Observing these issues, theresearcher plans to study the two REST-based Web Service systems' connection andmake use of the External Database functionality, which will be utilized to synchronizedata in real-time from AIS to E-Learning. It is hoped that the integration modelresulting from research can be a solution for integration between AIS and LMS and canbe implemented in many higher education institutions.

A Security Resilience Metric Framework Based on the Evolution of Attack and Defense Scenarios

The frequent attacks show that no information system is absolutely safe and the security capabilities are relative. Security resilience becomes a complementary priority for improving information systems’ continuous service and security capabilities in the face of attacks such as unknown vulnerabilities and backdoors. Endogenous security defense technology has become an important research aspect to improve the security resilience of information systems. However, there are some limitations in the research of the information system security resilience evaluation model, such as lacking indexes to characterize the system security resilience under an attack environment. In this paper, a security resilience enhancement strategy based on dynamic defense is constructed to improve the security performance of the system through IP port hopping and attack surface conversion. For the adversarial behaviors of attackers and defenders, we propose a security resilience metric framework based on the evolution of attack and defense scenarios, which is evaluated using a resilient security evaluation model based on the fuzzy Choquet integral. In the model, the weights of evaluation indicators are calculated based on the DEMATEL method. The 2-addable fuzzy measures of each indicator are calculated secondarily. Then the security performance of the system is calculated using the fuzzy Choquet integral. Absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, and resilience factor are proposed to better supervise the metric framework’s validity. Finally, four groups of control cases were created by building the Web service system after the endogenous security transformation as the experimental simulation scenario. Experimental simulation results show the superiority of the proposed metric model.

IMPLEMENTASI WEB SERVICE PADA SISTEM LAPORAN ARUS KAS DENGAN METODE RESTFUL API STUDI KASUS YAYASAN RUMAH DERMAWAN INDONESIA

Rumah Dermawan Indonesia Foundation is a foundation engaged in the humanitarian field in Tangerang. In its activities, the Foundation encounters a problem in recording cash flow, because incoming and outgoing cash flows are still recorded on only one platform, making it less effective. The problem of recording cash flows will be more effective if you use a web service system to facilitate recording of incoming and outgoing cash flows. The model method used to record cash flows on the right web service system for this problem is the REST-Ful API which can be applied to the foundation. Therefore, the researcher proposed an idea that would be applied to the Foundation with the theme of a cash system report using the REST-Ful API method. From the method that the author uses, namely the REST-Ful API method, it shows that it can be used on more than one platform. So that in the future if there is development on other platforms it can be reused. Because the output generated from the REST-Ful API is JSON (Javascript Object Notation). To create a REST-Ful API, researchers will use the Golang language program, this is because the language is light when compiling and processing data.

Implementation of REST API in Web Service System for Medical Resume Provision

This research seeks to develop a web service system that functions as a medical resume provision via RESTful API. Accurate and comprehensive medical records are critical in the identification and diagnosis of patients. Medical resumes, which summarize a patient's healthcare services and are completed by the responsible doctor, are an essential component of medical records. Electronic medical record systems can aid in patient care, and a patient's prior health history is crucial in developing a holistic and continuous treatment plan. Unfortunately, patients often require a fresh medical examination due to a lack of past health data. The proposed system can interconnect with other electronic medical record systems and facilitate the exchange of medical resume data between hospitals. This research employs the waterfall development system. The resultant system provides patient medical resumes from participating hospitals, offering a solution to the problem of inconsistent patient information and clinical data, and improves service quality and diagnosis accuracy based on available data.

PQ-Mist: Priority Queueing-Assisted Mist–Cloud–Fog System for Geospatial Web Services

The IoT and cloud environment renders enormous quantities of geospatial information. Fog and mist computing is the scaling technology that handles geospatial data and sends it to the cloud storage system through fog/mist nodes. Installing a mist–cloud–fog system reduces latency and throughput. This mist–cloud–fog system has processed different types of geospatial web services, i.e., web coverage service (WCS), web processing services (WPS), web feature services (WFS), and web map services (WMS). There is an urgent requirement to increase the number of computer devices tailored to deliver high-priority jobs for processing these geospatial web services. This paper proposes a priority-queueing assisted mist–cloud–fog system for efficient resource allocation for high- and low-priority tasks. In this study, WFS is treated as high-priority service, whereas WMS is treated as low-priority service. This system dynamically allocates mist nodes and is determined by the load on the system. In addition to that, the assignment of tasks is determined by priority. Not only does this classify high-priority tasks and low-priority tasks, which helps reduce the amount of delay experienced by high-priority jobs, but it also dynamically allocates mist devices within the network depending on the computation load, which helps reduce the amount of power that is consumed by the network. The findings indicate that the proposed system can achieve a significantly lower delay for higher-priority jobs for more significant rates of task arrival when compared with other related schemes. In addition to this, it offers a technique that is both mathematical and analytical for investigating and assessing the performance of the proposed system. The QoS requirements for each device demand are factored into calculating the number of mist nodes deployed to satisfy those requirements.

Integration Design of Academic Information Systems And Learning Management Systems Using Web Services Rest-Based External Database

ICT products that are widely used in universities in Indonesia are E-Learning with a Learning Management System (LMS) and Academic Information System (SIA). The existence of these two products from ICT will greatly assist the running of academic business processes in a higher education institution. Of course, if the two are well integrated, especially for managing existing academic data. However, in many tertiary institutions, the two systems are still not integrated, such as in managing academic data. The huge amount of data and the complexity of these two systems will make the management and integration process difficult and inefficient if done conventionally. Seeing these problems, the researcher intends to conduct research on the integration of the two REST-based Web Service systems and use the External Database feature which will be used to synchronize data from SIA to E-Learning in real time.

Mining Ground Deformation Estimation Based on Pre-Processed InSAR Open Data—A Norwegian Case Study

Sublevel caving mining causes surface deformation in three distinct zones parallel to the extracted deposit. Most of the published research is focused on the extent of the caved and fracture zones. The extent of the largest, continuous deformation zone and, thus, the influence of the mine on its surroundings is not yet fully documented. This study aimed at assessing the extent of surface deformation caused by the mining of a steep iron ore deposit in Norway. For this purpose, an innovative combination of the permanent scatterer (PS) InSAR technique and line-of-sight (LOS) movement data provided by a public web service and geographic information system (GIS) spatial interpolation methods was proposed. Two ascending tracks’ (A102 and A175) datasets spanning the period of 3 June 2016–11 October 2021 were used. Three interpolation methods, inverse distance weighted (IDW), radial basis function (RBF) and ordinary kriging (OK), were analysed in terms of their performance for mapping continuous deformation. The RBF and OK methods with anisotropy returned the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) values. The obtained difference in the maximum extent of deformation amounted to 26 m for the track A102 dataset and 44.5 m for the track A175 dataset, depending on the interpolation method used. The estimated maximum extent of the continuous deformation zone on the hanging-wall side of the sublevel caving mining operation is 663 m. This corresponds to a limit angle of 38.7 degrees, which is lower than in previously published studies. The results show that the influence of sublevel caving mining on the surroundings can be greater than previously thought. The usefulness of public PSInSAR data available from a national online service and spatial interpolation methods for determining the area of mining terrain deformations has been proven. The proposed approach provides a low-cost alternative and complementation for surveys performed about the mine and it is argued that it should be implemented as part of the mine’s monitoring system.

Design and Deployment of Django-based Housing Information Management System

With the further development of diversification and nationalization of the housing market, the demand of housing enterprises for digitalization and refinement of housing management is growing. The original web service system has problems of low development efficiency, long development cycle and difficulty in changing requirements, which can hardly meet the current growing and changing requirements. Based on the existing technology, we built a lightweight and agile development system based on Django framework. Based on the comprehensive study of MVC design pattern and MTV design pattern, we analyzed the requirements of the listing management system, wrote the data interaction logic using Django framework, used MySQL database and Redis, OSS, SMS and SMTP middleware. The core design of the housing information management system is optimized, unifying user login and registration behavior, fine-grained decentralization of system users, unifying front-end and back-end data exchange standards, and making dynamic back-end settings, recording behavior logs and developing multi-environment configuration optimization for the system, bringing positive contribution to the digitalization and fine-grained management of housing enterprises’ listings.

Web service system model for ecological and economic monitoring under urbanization

Today, most of the world's population lives in cities and towns. Therefore, the determining factors that affect the quality of life of people are the level of economic development of cities and the state of ecology of cities and adjacent territories. To conduct research and build models of ecological and economic monitoring and forecasting the development of cities and the state of ecology, it is necessary to collect, process and analyze huge amounts of various data. Based on the results of such studies, there is a need to build computer systems for collecting and processing significant amounts of information - databases and data repositories, which have practically no analogues today. The main task of this work is to develop an alpha version of the web service for environmental and economic monitoring of databases. At the stage of development of the alpha version of the software product, the main economic indicators regarding the development of the city and environmental factors that affect it were worked out and grouped. The author has modeled a software model for individual services of ecological and economic monitoring, which are part of the future applied software product. In the future, the author plans to continue research on this topic, collecting empirical data on the cities selected for study, and to develop further software and hardware modules of the presented web service.

Development and application of an environment monitoring system based on IPv6

The widespread use of the Internet of Things (Iot) makes it possible to connect everything but having enough IP addresses is a fundamental requirement of this paradigm. All previous environmental monitoring systems in China are based on IPv4. In combination with the characteristics and requirements of China's atmospheric environment monitoring system, this paper develops a monitoring system based on IPv6 technology. Users can directly access the monitoring equipment through the IPv6 website to view data and configure operations. This paper first introduces the design and implementation of the software and hardware of the system, then introduces the simplification of IPv6 protocol, the transplantation of IPv6 protocol on ARM and the design and implementation of embedded Web server system. The experimental results show that the developed atmospheric environment monitoring system can realize continuous data acquisition based on IPv6 and provide data-driven support for environmental protection management and decision-making.

Event-Triggered Control Design for Systems With Exogenous Inputs: Application for Auto-Scaling of Cloud-Hosted Web Servers

In this article, an event-triggered control (ETC) law is proposed for auto-scaling of Web servers hosted on a private cloud. The Web server systems are modeled as a discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) system where the incoming Web requests act as disturbance inputs. Dealing with such disturbance inputs adds an additional challenge in the design and real-time implementation of the ETC. To address this challenge, we first design an ETC law to ensure <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr {D}}_{R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stability of the nominal system. Second, we derive the conditions which ensure input to state stability of the closed-loop system, under the event-triggered implementation, with respect to disturbance inputs. Then, sufficient conditions are derived, which ensure that the interevent times are nontrivial. Finally, to show the efficacy of the proposed approach, we validate our results on an experimental testbed of a Web server system hosted on a private cloud and provide comparative results.

Crop-CASMA: A web geoprocessing and map service based architecture and implementation for serving soil moisture and crop vegetation condition data over U.S. Cropland

• A data service system for the selected SMAP data and its derivative data products over CONUS is developed. • All map and geoprocessing services are implemented via the OGC standard interface. • The data service system is interoperable with web and desktop clients. • Monitoring and analyzing U.S. cropland soil moisture conditions are significantly simplified. Soil moisture is an essential parameter to understand crop conditions throughout the growing season. Collecting soil moisture data by field observation is labor-intensive, especially when attempting to obtain Conterminous United States (CONUS) geographic coverage. In addition, using soil moisture for assessing current and future crop conditions is best realized by combining soil moisture estimates with concurrent observations of crop conditions. However, until recently, this capability has not been available to the public. In this paper, we present an interoperable data service application system, the Crop Condition and Soil Moisture Analytics (Crop-CASMA) system, that facilitates the retrieval, analysis, visualization, and sharing of soil moisture data for the CONUS. This system delivers a variety of satellite remote sensing based data products that are derived from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level-4 data and SMAP Thermal Hydraulic disaggregation of Soil Moisture (THySM) data, as well as vegetation index data derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. To make services interoperable and reusable, all data products are disseminated via Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Coverage Service (WCS) interface standards. Additionally, a suite of geoprocessing operations, such as geospatial statistics, time-series profile generation, PDF map production, and image composition, has been implemented in the OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) interface standard. The implementation shows the proposed web service system can significantly simplify the mapping and quantitative analysis of soil moisture and crop condition over U.S. cropland. In addition, it is interoperable with GIS software and has been successfully integrated with web-based applications.

BPKI: A secure and scalable blockchain-based public key infrastructure system for web services

Frequent attacks on the certificate authority (CA) have exposed the trust problem of the traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) for the web service. For example, malicious certificates issued by compromised CAs are used to impersonate the existing domain, and revoked certificate are still trusted by clients. Blockchain is considered as one of the most potential technologies to enable a more secure and trustworthy PKI. Although a lot of blockchain-based solutions have been proposed to improve or even replace the traditional PKI, there are still some critical issues unsolved. On the one hand, all of existing blockchain-based solutions are still vulnerable to the domain name preemption attack if a malicious or compromised CA registers a certificate for a domain before the rightful domain owner applies for a certificate for the domain. On the other hand, almost all blockchain-based solutions ignore the scalability problem and can hardly satisfy the current requirement (46 tX/s) of only certificate registrations for global web services. In this paper, we propose a secure and scalable blockchain-based PKI solution, which is called BPKI. In BPKI, we introduce new entities called auditors to supervise CA’s certificate registration operations to eliminate the domain name preemption attack. Furthermore, we design a new delegated PBFT (DPBFT) consensus using the verifiable pseudo-random functions (VRFs) and a double blockchain structure to solve the scalability problem. It is theoretically proved that BPKI is secure. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that BPKI is superior to the existing blockchain-based PKI solutions in scalability.

INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS (IoMT)-BASED HEART RATE AND BODY TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM

Research has been carried out on a heart rate and body temperature monitoring system based on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This study aims to create a system for monitoring heart rate and body temperature remotely in real-time with measurement results displayed on a web server. This research includes several methods such as developing research concepts based on literature studies, system design consisting of hardware and software design, sensor calibration, web server creation, system testing, and direct data retrieval. The hardware manufacturing stage uses several components such as a pulse heart sensor to detect heart rate, DS18B20 sensor to detect body temperature, Arduino Uno microcontroller, Xbee end device, Xbee coordinator, and raspberry pi as a server computer. Then for the use of software on this system, it consists of Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to run Arduino Uno hardware, XCTU to provide configuration on Xbee, Python to run Raspberry Pi and Django as a framework for building web servers and MySQL as data storage center measurement results. Heart rate monitoring is done by placing a sensor on one of the fingers, and body temperature is done by placing the sensor in the axilla. The output from the sensor in the form of analog data is converted by the Arduino Uno microcontroller into digital data and then sent to the Raspberry Pi module via Xbee. The raspberry pi has processed data is then stored in the database and then displayed on the webserver. The sensor calibration results show that the pulse heart sensor's error rate is 0.41%, and the DS18B20 temperature sensor is 1.09%. After calibration of the sensor, data was collected on the three respondents' heart rate and body temperature. The measurement results show that the system can store each respondent's heart rate and body temperature data in the database and display the measurement results on the webserver in real-time. Based on these results indicate that the system that has been made can work well.