Web Platform Research Articles

VSIG4 inhibits the anti-inflammatory reaction of immune cells after cardiogenic shock

Abstract Cardiogenic shock (CS) still has a mortality rate of approximately 50%. CS leads to a significant activation of the immune system. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune cell populations and the immune cell-specific changes in CS on admission to the clinic and after revascularization. We developed a web-based platform named 'IRCaS - Immune Cell Regulations in Cardiogenic Shock' to map the temporal course of immune cell-specific processes of CS after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from admission to 3 days after revascularization. Our tool revealed an endogenous anti-inflammatory response after CS, which is inhibited by the cell-cell receptor VSIG4. The web platform contains newly acquired single-cell sequencing data from patients with CS after AMI on admission and 24, 48, and 72 hours after revascularisation, as well as controls. In total, 171,962 immune cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were individually sequenced. Analysis of the immune cell populations revealed, that 24 hours after revascularisation, monocytes increased to 62.4% (vs. 30.4% in controls), while T cells decreased from 46.3% to 25.0%. On the immune cell expression level, we observed an inflammatory response indicated by IL1B which continuously increased from 24 h (1.6+fold), over 48h (3.1+fold) to 72 h (3.5+fold) after revascularization. Interestingly, there was a significant anti-inflammatory response shortly after revascularization, as evidenced by a transient increase in the anti-inflammatory CD16+ monocyte subpopulation from 12.1% to 26.7% at 24 hours and an increase in THBS1 after revascularization, which was only short-lived. We identified a negative feedback in the increasing anti-inflammatory CD16+ cells caused by a subsequent VSIG4 (+5.2-fold) increase. Indeed, overexpression of VSIG4 in monocytes resulted in a significant decrease of anti-inflammatory CD16+ monocytes by 33.9% and a decrease in anti-inflammatory transcripts. Our data show that in addition to the strong inflammatory response in CS, there is also an opposing anti-inflammatory response, which is however only short-lived, as it is attenuated by a negative feedback via an increase in VSIG4. In addition, our webplatform offers time-dynamic gene expression profiles of immune cells, allowing users to select and visualize specific genes during the course of CS after AMI.

Real-Time Road Safety: A Web and Mobile Application Approach to Mitigating Animal-Vehicle Conflicts in Sri Lanka

This research paper presents a pioneering web and mobile application aimed at mitigating the rising issue of animal-vehicle collisions in Sri Lanka, a concern that poses significant risks to both human safety and wildlife preservation. The application leverages a combination of knowledge-based case studies and crowd- sourcing techniques to enhance real-time road safety by identifying animal habitats and behaviors in proximity to users' locations. Through the web platform, users can input data on observed wildlife interactions and animal- vehicle conflicts, contributing to a comprehensive database for statistical analysis and predictive modelling. This information is used to generate real-time alerts and feedback, enabling drivers to take precautionary measures. The mobile application, utilizing geofencing and geotargeting technologies, provides real-time alerts, facilitates user feedback, and fosters community participation in ensuring safer roads. In addition to mitigating accidents, the application serves as an educational tool, offering guidelines and raising public awareness about the importance of road safety in areas rich in wildlife. By fostering a collaborative effort among users, this solution aims to reduce the frequency of animal-vehicle collisions, thereby promoting safer roads for both humans and animals in Sri Lanka.

Close clinical monitoring of patients after TAVI implantation using artificial intelligence with a virtual voice assistant

Abstract Introduction The number of procedures and patients candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increased considerably due to population ageing and the rise in scientific evidence supporting this technique in patients with increasingly lower surgical risk. Early discharge would allow for a more efficient use of available resources, in addition to improving patients’ functionality and quality of life. Objective The use of a virtual voice assistant based on artificial intelligence, could be an effective and safe alternative to closely monitor patients after TAVI implantation in order to facilitate early identification of complications and a more efficient use of the resources available in Cardiology services. Material and methods Observational, prospective, single-center and consecutive study of the implementation of a technology based on artificial intelligence and natural language processing to monitor all patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI implantation, according to usual clinical practice, in the hemodynamics unit of our hospital in the year 2023. The virtual voice assistant, "Lola", carries out a telephonic follow-up during week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3 and 12. In these calls, it asks a series of questions mainly related to vascular access and with the patient's cardiovascular situation. After finishing the call, all the information collected is uploaded to a web platform where we monitor the collected data and thus take the appropriate measures. Results After 12 months, 274 patients have been included to whom 1,039 calls have been made with a total of 385 hours of autonomous conversation. In 44% of the calls, no alerts were detected and, therefore, did not required further review. From the remaining calls, a total of 926 alerts were collected, the predominant ones being: dizziness (24.9%), contact with the emergency services (11.3%) and alteration of general status (10.4%). The number of alerts decreases as the follow-up progresses, reflecting the need for closer monitoring in the initial stages after implantation. These alerts generated at least one intervention in 57% of the calls, the predominant ones being: medical contact (43.0%), nursing contact (26.3%) and medication adjustment (4.0%). These calls resulted in a total of 15 in-person examinations (5.4% of patients), detecting in 2 of them a 3rd degree atrioventricular block, in 3 a femoral pseudoaneurysm and in 1 a critical stenosis of the common femoral artery. According to a patient survey, 88.9% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied (Customer Satisfaction score 4.68/5). Conclusions The application of artificial intelligence permits strict control of the patient after TAVI implantation, thus facilitating early detection of complications. Patient satisfaction regarding this follow-up system was very high.

Executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Introduction: Executive function deficits are associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. The inattentive subtype is primary related to “cold” executive functions, while the hyperactive subtype is related to “warm” executive functions. Objective: To systematically review studies on executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder published during the last decade. Methodology: A documentary research was conducted, encompassing 33 articles retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO platforms. The analysis considered years and countries of publication, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria, participants, comorbidities, subtypes, medication use, assessment tools, and processes of executive functions evaluated. Results: It was evidenced that there is a high percentage of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who present a deficit or lower performance in executive function tests. However, the results varied depending on specific characteristics of the study and/or participants, which confirms the heterogeneity of the disorder. In addition, the main instruments for measuring executive functions and diagnostic criteria for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were identified. Discussion: These results support the established links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , impaired executive functions, and major life activities found in the adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder literature. However, some of the limitations were the poorly controlled variables such as comorbidities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes that were not assessed, and usage of instruments that measure executive functions that can lead to reduced credibility of the results presented here. Conclusions: According to the results presented, there is a high percentage of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who present a deficit or lower performance in executive function tests, compared to both neurotypical adults and those with other psychiatric disorders. Further research is recommended to continue studies on the topic and to include other variables.

Heuristic machine learning approaches for identifying phishing threats across web and email platforms

Life has become more comfortable in the era of advanced technology in this cutthroat competitive world. However, there are also emerging harmful technologies that pose a threat. Without a doubt, phishing is one of the rising concerns that leads to stealing vital information such as passwords, security codes, and personal data from any target node through communication hijacking techniques. In addition, phishing attacks include delivering false messages that originate from a trusted source. Moreover, a phishing attack aims to get the victim to run malicious programs and reveal confidential data, such as bank credentials, one-time passwords, and user login credentials. The sole intention is to collect personal information through malicious program-based attempts embedded in URLs, emails, and website-based attempts. Notably, this proposed technique detects URL, email, and website-based phishing attacks, which will be beneficial and secure us from scam attempts. Subsequently, the data are pre-processed to identify phishing attacks using data cleaning, attribute selection, and attacks detected using machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the proposed techniques use heuristic-based machine learning to identify phishing attacks. Admittedly, 56 features are used to analyze URL phishing findings, and experimental results show that the proposed technique has a better accuracy of 97.2%. Above all, the proposed techniques for email phishing detection obtain a higher accuracy of 97.4%. In addition, the proposed technique for website phishing detection has a better accuracy of 98.1%, and 48 features are used for analysis.

Open-Source Solutions for Real-Time 3D Geospatial Web Integration

Abstract. The recent development of Urban Digital Twin (UDT) structures and the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technology have extended the concept of Digital Twin (DT) to urban environment representation, enabling real-time connections between geospatial representations and their real-world counterparts. Concurrently, advancements in surveying technologies and web geospatial services have facilitated the acquisition of extensive 2D and 3D geospatial data, making their spatial integration essential. While some proprietary software solutions have recently enabled initial examples of UDT by integrating various 3D geospatial data and real-time sensor acquisition, the development of open-source solutions for real-time web-based geospatial management remains a challenge. This work demonstrates a possible open-source solution for developing a UDT accessible via the web. The case study involves the web visualization platform of the new Faculty of ITC building at the University of Twente in Enschede (The Netherlands), which is connected in real-time with weather data services provided by Visual Crossing (1). The platform is based on an HTML5 framework and employs WebGL JavaScript graphic libraries to visualize different modules of 3D web visualization that integrate various local and remote 3D datasets. The framework adopted in this experiment can be used in the future for developing low-cost UDT web platforms beneficial for researchers, municipalities, and private companies interested in the real-time geospatial management of urban environments.

Arabic Wikipedia users' personalized behavior analysis considering gender gap.

As many web platforms adopt collaborative content editing models, the gender gap is addressed as one of the chief concerns in using technology to restrict content editing by one gender. This study aims to analyze the Arabic Wikipedia, the largest collaborative content editing platform on the Arabic web, in terms of gender behavior and differences in user activities. This study is the first to address the gender gap in Arabic Wikipedia, characterize users' gender through their behavior, and then address changes in characteristics over the past five years. This study analyzes parts of Arabic Wikipedia offline by linking article pages and page edit histories to user profiles of known genders. This study reported that a gender gap exists in Arabic Wikipedia. The results reported differences over the past five years between both genders in terms of tasks and user behavior. One aspect that indicated similarity is the period of active time over months/years. Differences were observed in the reported number of increasing users, activities, responsibilities, and average actions performed. The results reveal a vast gap in terms of gender behavior in Wikipedia activities. Moreover, the results reveal that some administrative activities are disclosed to men more than to women.

TGFB2 mRNA Levels Prognostically Interact with Interferon-Alpha Receptor Activation of IRF9 and IFI27, and an Immune Checkpoint LGALS9 to Impact Overall Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

The treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an unmet challenge, with the median overall survival rate remaining less than a year, even with the use of FOLFIRINOX-based therapies. This study analyzed archived macrophage-associated mRNA expression using datasets deposited in the UCSC Xena web platform to compare normal pancreatic tissue and PDAC tumor samples. The TGFB2 gene exhibited low mRNA expression levels in normal tissue, with less than one TPM. In contrast, in tumor tissue, TGFB2 expression levels exhibited a 7.9-fold increase in mRNA expression relative to normal tissue (p < 0.0001). Additionally, components of the type-I interferon signaling pathway exhibited significant upregulation of mRNA levels in tumor tissue, including Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 (IFNAR1; 3.4-fold increase, p < 0.0001), Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9; 4.2-fold increase, p < 0.0001), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; 7.1-fold increase, p < 0.0001), and Interferon Alpha Inducible Protein 27 (IFI27; 66.3-fold increase, p < 0.0001). We also utilized TCGA datasets deposited in cBioportal and KMplotter to relate mRNA expression levels to overall survival outcomes. These increased levels of mRNA expression were found to be prognostically significant, whereby patients with high expression levels of either TGFB2, IRF9, or IFI27 showed median OS times ranging from 16 to 20 months (p < 0.01 compared to 72 months for patients with low levels of expression for both TGFB2 and either IRF9 or IFI27). Examination of the KMplotter database determined the prognostic impact of TGFB2 mRNA expression levels by comparing patients expressing high versus low levels of TGFB2 (50th percentile cut-off) in low macrophage TME. In TME with low macrophage levels, patients with high levels of TGFB2 mRNA exhibited significantly shorter OS outcomes than patients with low TGFB2 mRNA levels (Median OS of 15.3 versus 72.7 months, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression models were applied to control for age at diagnosis. Nine genes exhibited significant increases in hazard ratios for TGFB2 mRNA expression, marker gene mRNA expression, and a significant interaction term between TGFB2 and marker gene expression (mRNA for markers: C1QA, CD74, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-F, IFI27, IRF9, LGALS9, MARCO). The results of our study suggest that a combination of pharmacological tools can be used in treating PDAC patients, targeting both TGFB2 and the components of the type-I interferon signaling pathway. The significant statistical interaction between TGFB2 and the nine marker genes suggests that TGFB2 is a negative prognostic indicator at low levels of the IFN-I activated genes and TAM marker expression, including the immune checkpoint LGALS9 (upregulated 16.5-fold in tumor tissue; p < 0.0001).

Exploring the mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of myocardial infarction: A systematic review, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide because of its high morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds play a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Danggui Sini Decoction (DSD) is widely used clinically for cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism, main components, and main targets of DSD in treating MI are still unclear. In this study, we utilized network pharmacology and molecular docking for exploration. MI-related genes were examined using the Genecards database, and the active ingredients of DSD were screened based on System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine by oral bioavailability ≥ 30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18. The protein-protein interaction network diagram was generated using the STRING database. The DAVID web platform was used to carry out gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome signaling pathway analysis. DSD's screening study revealed 120 primary active ingredients and 561 putative active target genes. The main therapeutic targets were TP53, EGFR, AKT1, IL6, TNF, STAT3, IL1B, CTNNB1, SRC, MYC, JUN, and INS. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome analyses revealed that DSD treatment of MI mainly involves the positive regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades, positive regulation of cell proliferation, inflammatory responses, aging, and the MAPK cascade, along with other biological processes. The molecular docking results indicate that DSD drugs may interact with AKT1, EGFR, TP53, and TNF through formononetin, isorhamnetin, β-Sitosterol, and kaempferol, potentially contributing to the treatment of MI. By utilizing a multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target mode of action, DSD may have the potential to prevent MI.

Plataforma web y móvil para la difusión de ofertas de PYMES mediante geolocalización

The project focuses on developing a Fremium digital business in SMEs through a web and mobile platform that allows businesses to effectively and accessibly register and showcase their products and promotions, reaching potential buyers in real-time. Through this application, companies can create detailed profiles that include images and descriptions of their products, as well as contact details and ongoing promotions. This not only facilitates the visibility of their offers to a broader user base but also enables affiliated businesses to have better control over their offers. On the other hand, app users enjoy the convenience of exploring a wide range of products and offers in one place; they can search, compare, and access detailed information about the products and services offered by various companies. Additionally, the app provides users with real-time updates and geolocation on promotions and discounts, enhancing their shopping experience. In this way, the platform optimizes the connection between businesses and users, providing the former with a platform to promote their products and the latter with a tool to discover and access a variety of offers and services, all through a user-friendly and practical mobile and web plataform.

World of Crayfish™: a web platform towards real-time global mapping of freshwater crayfish and their pathogens

Freshwater crayfish are amongst the largest macroinvertebrates and play a keystone role in the ecosystems they occupy. Understanding the global distribution of these animals is often hindered due to a paucity of distributional data. Additionally, non-native crayfish introductions are becoming more frequent, which can cause severe environmental and economic impacts. Management decisions related to crayfish and their habitats require accurate, up-to-date distribution data and mapping tools. Such data are currently patchily distributed with limited accessibility and are rarely up-to-date. To address these challenges, we developed a versatile e-portal to host distributional data of freshwater crayfish and their pathogens (using Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of the crayfish plague, as the most prominent example). Populated with expert data and operating in near real-time, World of Crayfish™ is a living, publicly available database providing worldwide distributional data sourced by experts in the field. The database offers open access to the data through specialized standard geospatial services (Web Map Service, Web Feature Service) enabling users to view, embed, and download customizable outputs for various applications. The platform is designed to support technical enhancements in the future, with the potential to eventually incorporate various additional features. This tool serves as a step forward towards a modern era of conservation planning and management of freshwater biodiversity.

The Canadian VirusSeq Data Portal and Duotang: open resources for SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences and genomic epidemiology.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a large global effort to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patient samples to track viral evolution and inform the public health response. Millions of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences have been deposited in global public repositories. The Canadian COVID-19 Genomics Network (CanCOGeN - VirusSeq), a consortium tasked with coordinating expanded sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes across Canada early in the pandemic, created the Canadian VirusSeq Data Portal, with associated data pipelines and procedures, to support these efforts. The goal of VirusSeq was to allow open access to Canadian SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences and enhanced, standardized contextual data that were unavailable in other repositories and that meet FAIR standards (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). In addition, the portal data submission pipeline contains data quality checking procedures and appropriate acknowledgement of data generators that encourages collaboration. From inception to execution, the portal was developed with a conscientious focus on strong data governance principles and practices. Extensive efforts ensured a commitment to Canadian privacy laws, data security standards, and organizational processes. This portal has been coupled with other resources, such as Viral AI, and was further leveraged by the Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net) to produce a suite of continually updated analytical tools and notebooks. Here we highlight this portal (https://virusseq-dataportal.ca/), including its contextual data not available elsewhere, and the Duotang (https://covarr-net.github.io/duotang/duotang.html), a web platform that presents key genomic epidemiology and modelling analyses on circulating and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Canada. Duotang presents dynamic changes in variant composition of SARS-CoV-2 in Canada and by province, estimates variant growth, and displays complementary interactive visualizations, with a text overview of the current situation. The VirusSeq Data Portal and Duotang resources, alongside additional analyses and resources computed from the portal (COVID-MVP, CoVizu), are all open source and freely available. Together, they provide an updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to spur scientific discussions, inform public discourse, and support communication with and within public health authorities. They also serve as a framework for other jurisdictions interested in open, collaborative sequence data sharing and analyses.

Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for patients with multiple sclerosis: the Multiple Sclerosis Autonomy Scale (MSAS)

BackgroundIn multiple sclerosis (MS), the measure of the loss of autonomy appears to be particularly relevant to provide adapted and personalized responses to improve the quality of care in routine clinical practice. In this context, this research aimed to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) evaluating MS patients’ autonomy, in order to provide an easy-to-use tool in the context of the relations between healthcare professionals and patients with MS, and to be used in future clinical trials for treatment assessment. MethodsThis research was conducted in two consecutive stages. First, a preliminary questionnaire was generated using an innovative sociological approach for MS (after literature review, patient interviews, experts’ opinion, and patient focus groups). This questionnaire was then completed by patients with MS, before the reduction of the scale while maintaining relevant information, using a principal component analysis. The internal consistency reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The external validity was evaluated using an analysis of variance to estimate the relation between the reduced questionnaire dimension scores and disease severity classes assessed by the SymptoMScreen questionnaire. ResultsThe first qualitative step of the research led to provide a definition of disease-related autonomy as perceived by patients (to be able to carry out the roles the patient thinks the most important whether or not he/she receives assistance) as well as an associated taxonomy. On this basis, a preliminary questionnaire of 131 items grouped into 13 social dimensions was generated (seven dimensions with 63 questions concerning all the patients, and six dimensions with 68 questions concerning specific patients). This questionnaire was completed on a web platform by 653 analyzable patients with MS. Their main characteristics were as follows: female patients: 83.6 %, mean age at MS diagnosis: 34.8 ± 10.5 years, age ≥40 years at data collection: 68.1 %, MS duration ≥5 years: 68.4 %, severe MS (SymptoMScreen score ≥30): 36.8 %. On the basis on completed 131-item questionnaires, it was reduced in a 36-item short form of 10 social dimensions (five dimensions with 19 questions concerning all the patients, and five dimensions with 17 questions concerning specific patients). The internal consistency of the final questionnaire was good for all the dimensions, as the Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 depending on dimensions. The construct validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed. ConclusionOur research allowed to build the first PROM designed to evaluate the autonomy of patients suffering from MS: the Multiple Sclerosis Autonomy Scale (MSAS). A confirmatory study, conducted in patients with MS using this validated questionnaire, is currently conducted.

Comparison of Analgesia Methods Through a Web Platform in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: Pilot Design, Implementation, and Validation Study.

Pain management is a vital and essential part of postoperative pectus excavatum (PE) care. Given the lack of an international consensus on guidelines for postoperative handling and evaluation, further research is necessary to compare the efficacy of existing pain management methods regarding pain relief, side effects, and long-term outcomes. In this context, the use of eHealth solutions for data mining can enhance data collection efficiency, reduce errors, and improve patient engagement. However, these digital health care frameworks are currently underused in the context of pain management for PE. This research is part of the broader Cryoanalgesia for Pain Management After Pectus Excavatum Repair (COPPER) study conducted by Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital to address postoperative pain and recovery in PE patients treated with either standard thoracic epidural analgesia or cryoanalgesia, which is considered its innovative alternative approach. Specifically, this work is aimed at introducing a valuable tool for a comprehensive and quantitative comparison of the 2 analgesia strategies. The tool is a web and mobile app designed to facilitate data collection, management, and analysis of clinical data for pain assessment. The adopted approach involves a careful design based on clinician input, resulting in an intuitive app structure with 3 main screens. Digital surveys are borrowed from paper surveys, including medical history and preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations. XTENS 2.0 was used to manage the data, and Ionic facilitated cross-platform app development, ensuring secure and adaptable data handling. Preliminary analysis on a pilot cohort of 72 patients (36 treated with standard therapy and 36 treated with cryoanalgesia) indicated successful patient enrollment and balanced representation across treatment groups and genders. Notably, hospital stay was significantly shorter with cryoanalgesia than with standard therapy (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 2-sided test with Bonferroni correction; P<.001; U statistic=287.5), validating its treatment efficacy. This work is a step toward modernizing health care through digital transformation and patient-centered models. The app shows promise in streamlined data collection and patient engagement, although improvements in multilingual support, data validation, and incentivization of questionnaire completion are warranted. Overall, this study highlights the potential of digital health solutions in revolutionizing health care practices, fostering patient involvement, and improving care quality.

EMhub: a web platform for data management and on-the-fly processing in scientific facilities.

Most scientific facilities produce large amounts of heterogeneous data at a rapid pace. Managing users, instruments, reports and invoices presents additional challenges. To address these challenges, EMhub, a web platform designed to support the daily operations and record-keeping of a scientific facility, has been introduced. EMhub enables the easy management of user information, instruments, bookings and projects. The application was initially developed to meet the needs of a cryoEM facility, but its functionality and adaptability have proven to be broad enough to be extended to other data-generating centers. The expansion ofEMHub is enabled by the modular nature of its core functionalities. The application allows external processes to be connected via a REST API, automating tasks such as folder creation, user and password generation, and theexecution of real-time data-processing pipelines. EMhub has been used for several years at the Swedish National CryoEM Facility and has been installed in the CryoEM center at the Structural Biology Department at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A fully automated single-particle pipeline has been implemented for on-the-fly data processing and analysis. At St. Jude, the X-Ray Crystallography Center and the Single-Molecule Imaging Center have already expanded the platform to support their operational and data-management workflows.

An Independent Learning System for Flutter Cross-Platform Mobile Programming with Code Modification Problems

Nowadays, with the common use of smartphones in daily lives, mobile applications have become popular around the world, which will lead to a rise in Flutter framework. Developed by Google, Flutter with Dart programming provides a cross-platform development environment to create visually appealing and responsive user interfaces across mobile, web, and desktop platforms using a single codebase. However, due to time and staff limitations, the Flutter/Dart programming course is not included in curricula, even in IT departments in universities. Therefore, independent learning environments for students are essential to meet this growing popularity. Previously, we have developed programming learning assistant system (PLAS) as a web-browser-based self-learning platform for novice students. PLAS offers various types of exercise problems designed to cultivate programming skills step-by-step through a lot of code reading and code writing practices. Among them, one particular type is the code modification problem (CMP), which asks to modify the given source code to satisfy the new specifications. CMP is expected to be solved by novices with little effort if they have knowledge of other programming languages. Thus, PLAS with CMP will be an excellent platform for independent learning. In this paper, we present PLAS with CMP for the independent learning of Flutter/Dart programming. To improve the readability of the source code by students, we provided rich comments on grammar or behaviors. Besides, the code can be downloaded so that students can check and run it on an IDE. For evaluations, we generated 38 CMP instances for basic and multimedia/storage topics in Flutter/Dart programming and assigned them to 21 master students at Okayama University, Japan, who have never studied it. The results confirm the validity of the proposal.

OPTIMIZING THE ROLE OF KPM STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING CIAWIGAJAH VILLAGE THROUGH DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION WITH WEB PLATFORM

Two critical innovations that support environmental sustainability and community empowerment are waste processing into alternative fuels and village digitalization through the Internet. Both innovations offer solutions to the problem of waste accumulation while reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. This technology converts organic and inorganic waste into usable energy, such as biogas or RDF. This method can produce cleaner energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. On the contrary, village digitization through web platforms is a strategic step in increasing access to information, services, and economic opportunities for rural communities. By using this platform, villages can develop local potential, improve the efficiency of public services, and encourage broader digital inclusion. This platform can meet many needs, including village administration management, promotion of local products, and further training and education. The combination of these two innovations demonstrates collaborative efforts to realize sustainable development that combines environmentally friendly technology solutions and digital community empowerment. The results are hoped to improve the quality of life, reduce unpleasant environmental effects, and accelerate economic transformation in rural areas

6973 Prospective Multicenter Registry-Based Study on Thyroid Storm: The 2016 Guidelines for the Management from the Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society Are Useful

Abstract Disclosure: Y. Furukawa: None. K. Tanaka: None. O. Isozaki: None. A. Suzuki: None. T. Iburi: None. K. Tsuboi: None. M. Iguchi: None. N. Kanamoto: None. K. Minamitani: None. S. Wakino: None. T. Satoh: None. S. Teramukai: None. E. Kimura: None. Y. Miyake: None. T. Akamizu: None. Context: The mortality rate in thyroid storm (TS) has been reported to be higher than 10%. Even when patients survive, some have irreversible damages. In order to improve the prognosis of patients with TS, appropriate management as well as prompt and accurate diagnosis are needed. We created the diagnostic criteria in 2012 and established guidelines for the management of TS in 2016. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2016 guidelines for the management of TS proposed by the Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society. Design: Prospective registry-based study through a secure web platform. Setting: Prospective multicenter registry. Patients and Measurements: Patients with new-onset TS were registered in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) from May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2022, over four years. On day 30 after admission, clinical information and prognosis of each patient were added to the platform. On day 180, the prognosis was described. The questionnaire consisted of 176 items totally. Results: This study included 110 patients with TS (93 definite and 17 suspected). The median of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 13, higher than the score in the previous nationwide survey, 10 (p=0.001). Nonetheless, the mortality rate at day 30 was 5.5%, approximately half compared with 10.7% in the previous nationwide survey (p=0.13). Lower BMI, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shock were positively associated with poor prognosis at day 30. The lack of fever ≥ 38°C was surprisingly associated to the outcome. Approximately 80% of doctors followed the guidelines. The mortality rate in patients with an APACHE II score ≥ 12 for whom the guidelines were not followed was significantly higher than the rate in patients for whom the guidelines were followed (50% vs. 4.7%) (p=0.01). Conclusions: Prognosis seemed better than in the previous nationwide survey, even though disease severity was higher. The mortality rate was lower when the guidelines were followed. Thus, the guidelines are useful for managing TS. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Future of Allergy and Immunology: Is AI the Key in the Digital Era?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping allergy and immunology by integrating cutting-edge technology to enhance patient outcomes and redefine clinical practices and research. This review examines AI's evolving role, emphasizing its impact on diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatments, and innovative research methodologies. AI has advanced diagnostic tools, such as models predicting allergen sensitivity, and enhanced immunotherapy strategies. Its ability to process extensive datasets has enabled deeper understanding of allergic diseases and immune system responses, leading to more accurate, effective and tailored treatments. Furthermore, AI is facilitating personalized care through AI-driven allergen mapping, automated patient monitoring, and targeted immunotherapy. The integration of AI into clinical practice promises a future where allergy and immunology are characterized by precisely customized healthcare solutions. This review adheres to PRISMA flowchart, with a comprehensive analysis of databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and preprint platforms using keywords related to AI and allergy and immunology. From an initial pool of 192 studies, 20 documents were selected based on inclusion criteria. Our findings highlight how AI is transforming allergy and immunology by enhancing patient care, research methodologies, and clinical innovation, offering a glimpse into the near future of technology-driven healthcare in these fields.

Widespread Impact of Natural Genetic Variations in CRISPR-Cas9 Outcomes.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a genome editing tool widely used in biological research and clinical therapeutics. Natural human genetic variations, through altering the sequence context of CRISPR-Cas9 target regions, can significantly affect its DNA repair outcomes and ultimately lead to different editing efficiencies. However, these effects have not been systematically studied, even as CRISPR-Cas9 is broadly applied to primary cells and patient samples that harbor such genetic diversity. Here, we present comprehensive investigations of natural genetic variations on CRISPR-Cas9 outcomes across the human genome. The utility of our analysis is illustrated in two case studies, on both preclinical discoveries of CD33 knockout in chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy and clinical applications of transthyretin (TTR) inactivation for treating TTR amyloidosis. We further expand our analysis to genome-scale, population-stratified common variants that may lead to gene editing disparity. Our analyses demonstrate pitfalls of failing to account for the widespread genetic variations in Cas9 target selection and how they can be effectively examined and avoided using our method. To facilitate broad access to our analysis, a web platform CROTONdb is developed, which provides predictions for all possible CRISPR-Cas9 target sites in the coding and noncoding regulatory regions, spanning over 5.38 million guide RNA targets and 90.82 million estimated variant effects. We anticipate CROTONdb having broad clinical utilities in gene and cellular therapies.