Ontology Web Language For Services Research Articles

Development of a Smart Technique for Mobile Web Services Discovery

Web service (WS) presents a good solution to the interoperability of different types of systems that aims to reduce the overhead of high processing in a resource-limited environment. With the increasing demand for mobile WS (MWS), the WS discovery process has become a significant challenging point in the WS lifecycle that aims to identify the relevant MWSs that best match the service requests. This discovery process is a resource-consuming task that cannot be performed efficiently in a mobile computing environment due to the limitations of mobile devices. Meanwhile, a cloud computing can provide rich computing resources for mobile environments given its unlimited and easily scalable resources. This paper proposes a semantic WS discovery and invocation framework in mobile environments based on cloud and a relationship-aware matchmaking algorithm. The discovery algorithm enriches MWS and user requests semantically with the functional and non-functional properties of Ontology Web Language for Services, such as Quality of Web Service, device context, and user preferences. The WS repository is filtered based on logical reasoning and a parameter-based matching algorithm to minimize the matching space and improve runtime performance. The cosine similarity between the user request and services repository is then assessed to generate the most relevant WS. The relationships among concepts in the ontology are considered to improve the recall and precision ratio. After the WS discovery process, users can invoke and test these services in a mobile environment through a dynamic user interface. The interface of the invocation process is changed according to the WS description document. An application prototype is also developed to evaluate the framework based on a Cordova cross-mobile development framework.

Exploration of Learning Service Discovery Algorithm based on Ontology

To study the learning service discovery algorithm based on ontology, the introduction of bipartite graph theory is focused on. Based on the undergraduate technology, a learning service discovery algorithm based on the basic bipartite graph theory (eLSDA-BG) is proposed. The algorithm mainly converts the problem of learning service match into the optimal complete match problem of bipartite graphs. Through the optimal complete match problem, the learning service match is realized and the learning service discovery is finally reached. The eLSDA-BG algorithm is compared with the greedy algorithm, the UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration) algorithm, and OWL-S (Web Ontology Language for Service) algorithm. The comparison of results shows that the eLSDA-BG algorithm proposed can improve recall ratio, accuracy rate and efficiency of learning service discovery in situation of certain sample size.

ASON: An OWL-S based ontology for astrophysical services

Abstract Modern astrophysics heavily relies on Web services to expose most of the data coming from many different instruments and researches worldwide. The virtual observatory (VO) has been designed to allow scientists to locate, retrieve and analyze useful information among those heterogeneous data. The use of ontologies has been studied in the VO context for astrophysical concerns like object types or astrophysical services subjects. On the operative point of view, ontological description of astrophysical services for interoperability and querying still has to be considered. In this paper, we design a global ontology (Astrophysical Services ONtology, ASON) based on web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S) to enhance existing astrophysical services description. By expressing together VO specific and non-VO specific services design, it will improve the automation of services queries and allow automatic composition of heterogeneous astrophysical services.

A unified algorithm to automatic semantic composition using multilevel workflow orchestration

As a result of state-of-the-art development in service oriented architecture, we need a composition framework and comprehensive algorithm to discover and compose the web services from different environments. In this paper, we present a unified semantic-oriented framework with corresponding algorithm for automatic web service composition that integrates the comprehensive process of modified multistage composition and rigor of web semantics. Our proposed unified algorithm introduces the novel features through modified five stage composition such as transformation of non-functional properties of user requirements to all stages, optimization and semantic validation of abstract workflows using workflow automata, annotating WSDL files with additional ontologies using ontology based service repository, adopting dynamic change of user requirements for discovering candidate services, and selecting most optimal services for concrete composition using non-functional properties are effectively represented. Feasible composition solution obtained for user complex requirements through semantic web service discovery mechanism for discovering and selecting the most suitable service candidates. Furthermore, our unified algorithm can provide a composition solution through wider acceptance of semantics-oriented documents such as web ontology language for services and web service modeling ontology. We evaluate the proposed unified algorithm for automatic generation of composition using our motivating scenario, namely, home loan approval inference process. We also evaluate algorithm for automated and dynamic composition on service repositories of various sizes in increasing the levels of nesting and present the performance results.

Ontology-Based Web Service Architecture for Retail Supply Chain Management

Service-oriented computing (SOC) technologies provide numerous opportunities and value-added service capabilities that global retail business requires to remain competitive in the market. Initiative to semantic web service provision is playing a crucial role to realize the possibility of heterogenous information systems integration in supply chain. The ability to dynamically discover and invoke a web service is an important aspects of semantic web service-based architecture. An essential part of the service discovery process is the ontology-based semantic web service matchmaking algorithm. This paper presents the key features of an improved matchmaking algorithm to calculate the similarity between concepts on ontology for semantic web service. The matchmaking is taking place in the context of OWL-S (Ontology Web Language for Services) based retail sales management. The paper describes the Semantic Web Service Architecture-II (SWSA-II), which uses a hybrid knowledge-based system; and it consists of Structural Case-Based Reasoning (S-CBR), Rule-Based Reasoning (RBR), and an ontological concept similarity assessment algorithm. Finally, a business scenario is used to demonstrate the functionality of the algorithm.

An outsourcing service selection method using ANN and SFLA algorithms for cement equipment manufacturing enterprises in cloud manufacturing

In cloud manufacturing (CMfg) environments, an increasing number of manufacturing enterprises outsource manufacturing activities to subcontractors that are more professional to focus on the development of their core business. Volume, diversity, and variety are the typical characteristics of outsourcing services for cement equipment manufacturing enterprises (CEMEs). To address the new problem of service discovery and combinatorial optimization of outsourcing resources (COOR), a novel heuristic approach is investigated in this paper. First, a clustering and searching model of a web outsourcing service based on Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S) and an artificial neural network (ANN) is established. Then, an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is developed to solve the COOR problem. Finally, an investigation and comparative experiments based on a group of cement equipment manufacturing companies is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is preferable and is more efficient for solving large-scale problems in a CMfg environment.

Automatic Combination Technology of Fuzzy CPN for OWL-S Web Services in Supercomputing Cloud Platform

Supercomputing Cloud Platform (SCP) provides a simple online Web way for computer aided engineering (CAE) simulation on supercomputer “Tianhe No.1.” We develop SCP prototype by using service-oriented architecture (SOA). Fuzzy colored Petri nets (FCPN) is selected as the automatic combination technology for the Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S) in our SCP. To build the dependency relation graphs among Web services in our SCP, we put forward some definitions of semantic threshold similarity for Web services. Based on these definitions, we propose a generation algorithm to build the FCPN dependency relation graph based on semantic similarity of Web services, and analyze an example about this algorithm. Also, we design an algorithm to simplify the FCPN dependency relation graph for fast responding the user’s requirements. The research works of this paper (SCP prototype) have been applied in real world, and we show the engineering design and application at the end. We will further research the service verification, transaction model and exception recovery mechanism in the future.

Automated knowledge discovery and semantic annotation for network and web services

With the rise of the Internet of things, the smart environmental issue is becoming increasingly important. Sensor web is one of the best solutions to this issue and provides the advantages of sensor networks and web services. Ontology web language for services (OWL-S) is an OWL-based web services ontology, which provides the ability to describe the semantics of web services and their capabilities in a formal and machine-processable manner. Moreover, it aids semantic service matching, selection and composition. However, automatically annotating semantic web services is a highly complicated and tedious task. In this study, we propose a methodology to uncover information in the history data and profiles of web services and then semantically annotate them. With the proposed approach, semantic relationships between web services could be extracted via a combination of association rules and input/output matching. Our results show that this hybrid automated knowledge-discovery approach works better than traditional approaches do. We also provide a scenario to explain how the proposed methodology works.

Semantics, knowledge and grids

Summary Semantics, knowledge and grids represent three streams of studying humans and cyberspace that humans create and interact. Relevant research concerns all areas of computing, especially web semantics, artificial intelligence, and advanced computing infrastructures. This special issue selected eight papers reporting relevant research and applications from the 9th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A survey of Semantic Web Services formalisms

SummaryThe field of Semantic Web Services (SWS) has been recognized as one of the most promising areas of emergent research within the Semantic Web initiative, exhibiting an extensive commercial potential and attracting significant attention from both industry and the research community. Currently, there exist several different frameworks and languages for formally describing a Web Service: Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL‐S), Web Service Modelling Ontology (WSMO) and Semantic Annotations for the Web Services Description Language (SAWSDL) are the most important approaches. To the inexperienced user, choosing the appropriate platform for a specific SWS application may prove to be challenging, given a lack of clear separation between the ideas promoted by the associated research communities. In this paper, we systematically compare OWL‐S, WSMO and SAWSDL from various standpoints, namely, that of the service requester and provider as well as the broker‐based view. The comparison is meant to help users to better understand the strengths and limitations of these different approaches to formalizing SWS, and to choose the most suitable solution for a given application. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Efficient distributed semantic based data and service unified discovery with one-dimensional semantic space

Data and service discoveries are two significant applications in the Internet, and almost all the network functions need their support. A lot of research work has focused on either service discovery or data discovery respectively, although they cannot be separated. The existing network, due to its decentralized nature and weak support for semantic, is still chaotic and lacks the ability to allow users to discover, extract and integrate the information of interest from heterogeneous resources. This paper proposes a scalable, high performance distributed system for data and service unified discovery. In order to exclude ambiguity, our unified discovery system adopts one-dimensional vector in semantic space to generally identify and locate data and services, and then represent specific services by OWL Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S). Moreover, we employ Juxtapose (JXTA) architecture as a proper foundation to organize network peers. Experimental results illustrate that, compared with other discovery systems, the semantic-based unified discovery system can improve accuracy and efficiency of the search results, and satisfy users much better.

ISemServ: A model-driven approach for developing semantic web services

The benefits of incorporating Semantic Web Services in web applications are well documented. However, both the real-world implementation and adoption of these services are still rather limited in practice. This is despite the promises that extend syntactic Web services with capabilities such as automatic service discovery, composition, and execution. Some of the barriers to the real-world implementation are the complexities and tool support related to the development of Semantic Web Services. In this article, the main challenge that is addressed is the tight coupling of existing Semantic Web Services (SWS) development platforms to specific semantic description languages and service description languages, which unintentionally lead to unbending service development environments. The main contribution in this article is therefore a model-driven approach called iSemServ that exploits mature technologies, such as UML, and model-transformation techniques for simplifying and semi-automating the development of SWS using description languages of choice, such as Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S) and Web Application Description Language (WADL). A design science research methodology was employed in conducting the study. The suggested approach was practically implemented as an Eclipse plug-in and evaluated based on a real-world use case scenario and comparative analysis of related solutions. The evaluation results show that our proposed solution is relevant and appropriate in aiding the semi-automatic development of SWS, albeit with a number of limitations that could be addressed by extending the proposed practical solution.

OntoUji–Ontology to Evaluate Domain Ontology for Semantic Web Services Description

Ontology evaluation has become an important aspect for selecting suitable ontology to be used within a system. User such as services provider has been proposed with variety of methodology to help in selecting ontology from the Web. Ontology has been used by service providers to describe the semantic part of their web services profile. Evaluating domain ontology for semantic Web services descriptions is currently in its early phase. Moreover the building of domain ontology itself requires greater attention because the ontological element for semantic web services description is not standardized in the current knowledge and thus requiring further refinement. There are studies conducted on transforming Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format into Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S) types of ontology to improve the services discovery. But since then, the ontologies were stored and retrieve locally, as well as ranked based on its history of selection or popularity. Criteria for ontology evaluation were then proposed to help users to select the suitable ontology to describe their web services description by achieving certain criteria measurement. By far, the users have problems because the current WSDL description does not signify the services profile. Hence, our study proposes an ontology called OntoUji, which will be used within the process of domain ontology evaluation to suit the required description of semantic web services.

AN IMPROVED LIGHT-WEIGHT MATCHMAKING MECHANISM FOR DISCOVERING OWL-S SERVICES BASED ON SPARQL, BIPARTITE AND NLP APPROACH

Semantic Web services integrate the meaningful content of the Semantic Web with the business logic of Web services and thus enable industries and individuals to access these services. But as the number of available Web services increase, there is a growing demand for a mechanism for effective retrieval of required services. We propose an improved Semantic Web service discovery method for finding OWL-S (Web Ontology Language for Services) services by combining functional similarity matching (using bipartite graph) and textual similarity matching. However, discovering relevant Semantic Web service is a heavyweight task. Performance of service discovery is significantly reduced when the number of services increases. To overcome this issue, a lightweight filtering stage is also introduced before the discovery mechanism. Filtering is performed by semantic-based SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language) query. It will significantly reduce the input for the discovery process. Thus the search space and the time required to find the relevant services will be reduced. The proposed techniques are applied to a sample test collection and experimental results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the idea. ( Keywords: discovery, filtering, OWL-S, Semantic Web service, SPARQL )

On P2P-Based Semantic Service Discovery with QoS Measurements for Pervasive Services in the Universal Network

The Universal Network, which promises pervasive services, is well on the way. As the Quality of Service (QoS) grading is a significant feature of the Universal Network, various pervasive services can be distinguished not only by service types, but also by QoS. This characteristic makes service discovery of the Universal Network quite distinct from that of the existing network. A lot of research work takes advantage of the semantic web technology OWL-S (Web Ontology Language for Services) to achieve service discovery. In this work, we propose to append the QoS measurements to OWL-S (named OWL-QoS) to describe pervasive services. Related matching algorithms are also presented. Moreover, we employ the JXTA architecture, which is a suitable foundation to build the future computer systems, to organize network peers and implement a P2P based service discovery prototype system. Experiments highlight the good performance of the P2P based semantic service discovery with QoS measurements.

Semantics-Based Composition of Factory Automation Processes Encapsulated by Web Services

This paper presents an approach to using semantic web services in managing production processes. In particular, the devices in the production systems considered expose web service interfaces through which they can then be controlled, while semantic web service descriptions formulated in web ontology language for services (OWL-S) make it possible to determine the conditions and effects of invoking the web services. The approach involves three web services that cooperate to achieve production goals using the domain web services. In particular, one of the three services maintains a semantic model of the current state of the system, while another uses the model to compose the domain web services so that they jointly achieve the desired goals. The semantic model of the system is automatically updated based on event notifications sent by the domain services.

Semantics of OWL-S process model based on temporal description logic

Concerning the problem that Ontology Web Language for Services(OWL-S) process model lacks capacity for dynamic interaction and timing characteristics,a formalization method based on temporal description logic for process model was proposed.It described the atomic processes and composite processes of the OWL-S process model,and then the dynamic semantic of OWL-S process model was obtained.Finally,the formal modeling of OWL-S process model was realized.The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible,and it provides the foundation for the analysis and validation.

Integration of business process modeling and Web services: a survey

A significant challenge in business process automation involves bridging the gap between business process representations and Web service technologies that implement business activities. We are interested in business process representations such as Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Event-Driven Process Chains (EPCs). Web service technologies include protocols such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), architectures such as REpresentational State Transfer (RESTful), or semantic description languages and formalisms such as Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S) and Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). This paper reviews previous work on the integration of business process representations and Web service technologies. It provides a perspective on the field by summarizing, organizing, and classifying the proposed approaches. Consequently, this study has identified opportunities for future research in the field, including the need for a generic transformation approach among arbitrary models, the need to represent mappings in a formalized way, and the necessity of a common execution framework.

A Petri-Net-Based Approach to Reliability Determination of Ontology-Based Service Compositions

Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S), one of the most significant semantic Web service ontologies proposed to date, provides a core ontological framework and guidelines for describing the properties and capabilities of services in an unambiguous computer-interpretable form. Analysis of the quality of service of composite service processes specified in OWL-S enables service users to decide whether the process meets nonfunctional requirements. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach for reliability analysis of OWL-S processes, employing the non-Markovian stochastic Petri net (NMSPN) as the fundamental model. Based on the NMSPN representations of the OWL-S elements, we introduce an analytical method for the calculation of the process-normal-completion probability as the reliability estimate. This method takes the probabilistic parameters of service invocations and messages as model inputs. To validate the feasibility and accuracy of our approach, we obtain runtime experimental data and conduct a confidence interval analysis in a case study. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to determine the impact of model parameters on reliability and to help identify the reliability bottlenecks.

Resource Service Access Mechanism for Service Robots

As the development of the network and distributed technology enhances, network resources around service robots are more and more. With their help, service robots can complete much more complex tasks. To solve the problem of coordination among heterogeneous robots and resources, Web services as a middleware is employed to generate both the skeleton and stub for robots to invoke services from any resources as a universal way. To make the service invocation more intelligent, the potential relationships between Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S) and Web Services Description Language (WSDL) are utilized to realize the automation on service invocation logics so that the robots can automatically generate messages of invoking service based on its understanding for service descriptions. Experimental results demonstrate that the methods are valid.