Web Hosting Research Articles

Addressing DNS Propagation Challenges with Repurposed STBs, ZeroTier Networking, and Indonesian ISP Integration

PT Transformasi Data Digital (HostData) operates as a web hosting and domain service provider in Indonesia, facing recurring challenges related to DNS propagation. Clients often encounter issues accessing their newly acquired domains or updated DNS records due to a lack of understanding of the propagation process. In response, HostData has developed a DNS Propagation checking system to streamline verification for clients and its support team. This system allows clients to monitor DNS propagation independently, acknowledging variations based on their Internet Service Provider (ISP). Leveraging six local ISPs—Telkomsel, Indosat, XL, Three, Smartfren, and Indihome—the system utilizes repurposed Set Top Boxes (STBs) as mini servers for real-time DNS value verification. These STBs connect via Zerotier to a Virtual Private Server (VPS) with a public IP address, serving as the central control unit. This innovative solution enables clients to confirm domain resolution and serves as an educational tool, offering insights into DNS propagation mechanics.

Scheduling online oral assessments using an iterative algorithm: A profound software for educational continuity

In response to the socioeconomic effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, including the disruption of educational continuity, an online oral assessment solution is proposed. While the next pandemic is unpredictable, the need for effective student assessment during lockdown is essential. This paper presents an iterative algorithm for scheduling online oral examinations as a profound software innovation capable of securely assessing students remotely while adhering to COVID-19 safety requirements. The efficacy of the software was tested by university tutors and undergraduate students for 60 days on local and web hosts. The results show that the algorithm offers optimal performance despite extraneous factors such as bandwidth capacity, operating system type, and client-side web browsers. The software manages the systematic random pairing of examiners, sessions, courses, and candidates, as well as the automated generation of question papers with a marking rubric. This invention would largely provide assessment entities with significant pedagogical, financial, and technological benefits while ensuring educational continuity regardless of the pandemic's status.

Ouvrai opens access to remote virtual reality studies of human behavioural neuroscience.

Modern virtual reality (VR) devices record six-degree-of-freedom kinematic data with high spatial and temporal resolution and display high-resolution stereoscopic three-dimensional graphics. These capabilities make VR a powerful tool for many types of behavioural research, including studies of sensorimotor, perceptual and cognitive functions. Here we introduce Ouvrai, an open-source solution that facilitates the design and execution of remote VR studies, capitalizing on the surge in VR headset ownership. This tool allows researchers to develop sophisticated experiments using cutting-edge web technologies such as WebXR to enable browser-based VR, without compromising on experimental design. Ouvrai's features include easy installation, intuitive JavaScript templates, a component library managing front- and backend processes and a streamlined workflow. It integrates with Firebase, Prolific and Amazon Mechanical Turk and provides data processing utilities for analysis. Unlike other tools, Ouvrai remains free, with researchers managing their web hosting and cloud database via personal Firebase accounts. Ouvrai is not limited to VR studies; researchers can also develop and run desktop or touchscreen studies using the same streamlined workflow. Through three distinct motor learning experiments, we confirm Ouvrai's efficiency and viability for conducting remote VR studies.

Campus Companion : Creating a Supportive Chat – Assistant for Students

This article explores the creation and usage of chatbots, or intelligent conversational agents, for online communication. Python and other machine learning methods are employed in the chatbot's design. To be more explicit, TensorFlow/Keras is used for natural language processing, MySQL is utilized for database administration, and Flask is used for web hosting. The initiative attempts to accomplish its goals by enhancing the user experience and fostering more effective communication on the website. Using massive datasets, the chatbot will be educated to comprehend users' objectives and offer replies that fit with them. Natural language processing technologies, including voice recognition, natural language interpretation, and natural language production, will be used to foster natural discussions. A number of machine learning approaches, such as transformers, attention processes, and recurrent neural networks, will be investigated in order to classify intent and deliver replies. The objective is to construct a powerful and versatile chatbot that can grasp arguments in their context, preserve the debate's status, and answer in a manner that sounds human. Assessment criteria such as accuracy, recall, and precision will be utilized to develop and adapt the chatbot. Numerous businesses, including education, entertainment, customer service, and other disciplines, may profit from the employment of this chatbot. The implementation of intelligent conversational interfaces on websites has the potential to greatly enhance user experience. Keywords— Chatbot, Flask, MySQL, TensorFlow, Keras, Website Interaction, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Conversational AI, Intent Classification, Response Generation, Machine Learning Models, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformer Models, Attention Mechanisms, User Experience (UX), Contextual Conversations, Dialogue State Management, Human-like Responses, Customer Service Automation, Educational Chatbot, Entertainment Applications.

Decentralization of Webhosting Using Blockchain

Abstract: This paper introduces a ground breaking approach to web hosting, leveraging the decentralized infrastructure of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and the secure framework of the Ethereum blockchain. In this novel model, Ethereum smart contracts govern the IPFS network and hosting services, ensuring robust management and reliability. IPFS serves as the backbone for data storage and website hosting, with storage miner nodes providing essential pinning services to maintain the longevity of stored content. Additionally, these nodes facilitate the Interplanetary Name Space (IPNS) service, enabling the creation and maintenance of mutable links to IPFS contents, thus enhancing accessibility and ease of updates. DNS TXT records are employed to seamlessly map domain names to IPNS addresses, seamlessly integrating decentralized hosting with traditional web infrastructure. To safeguard user privacy and data integrity, websites deploy advanced encryption algorithms, ensuring confidentiality in the decentralized environment. The proposed model represents a fusion of IPFS and blockchain networks, creating a robust platform for decentralized web hosting. Through experimental validation, the efficacy of this approach is demonstrated, showcasing its ability to surpass traditional web hosting models in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This innovative solution not only addresses existing challenges in web hosting but also heralds a new era of decentralized, secure, and accessible internet infrastructure

Green Data Center : Reviews And Challenges.

Data is undoubtedly the currency of the 21st century. The data that we are providing to or retrieving from the users has a very important role to play in the evolution of services in both the computing and non-computing spheres. Various internet services, such as web hosting, e-commerce, and Social Networking, find their roots in the Data centers. With the ever-increasing concerns about carbon emissions, reliance on non-renewable energy resources, and energy consumption by the cooling systems in conventional Data centers, it is imperative to shift our focus to newer, greener, and cleaner technologies that will aim to reduce the overall carbon footprint, technologies that will reduce energy consumption, and the integration of renewable energy resources into the existing setup. There are several studies that have highlighted challenges regarding the adoption of technologies in the hardware and software domains and the standardization of performance metrics, which are generally used to study trends in energy consumption and net emissions and, therefore, assess the sustainability and efficiency of Data center operations. This shift to Green Data centers will certainly involve both standardized performance metrics, effective strategies to reduce energy consumption, and the integration of renewable energy resources to reduce the carbon footprint. Furthermore, we are going to discuss data center network architecture that will make our future Green Data centers scalable, fault-tolerant, agile, and energy efficient. This paper reviews various strategies for designing an efficient data center, ways to incorporate renewable energy resources, standardization and benchmarking of performance metrics, and optimizing the cooling systems to improve energy efficiency. Finally, we are going to outline the future directions and opportunities for further research and innovation.

The Culture Policy for MSME in Digital and Their Prospects

The current era of digitalization forces entrepreneurs to change their marketing strategy from direct sales to online sales, either in whole or in part. However, the transition is not easy for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises () because of the limitations of knowledge and facilities they have, so the process goes gradually. The study aims to find out the contribution of online marketing for micro-small enterprises to the resilience of enterprises during the restrictions that have lasted for two years. The study is also a policy recommendation against some digital policy directions against MSME by the Ministry of Informatics and Communications of the Republic of Indonesia. The research object is a member of ISMEA (Indonesia Small Medium Enterprises Association), which meets the business age criteria of more than 2 years, actively performs hybrid sales (online and offline), and is able to survive during that time. Research methods are carried out qualitatively through descriptive, participatory observation. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants selected using snowball techniques. The results of the research found that online marketing on MSME is carried out through independent web hosting or through marketplace or e-commerce applications available or be used simultaneously. Self-marketing has the advantage that it does not require commission fees from the other party, so the entire profit becomes the seller's. However, it also has a weakness with its limited market accessibility as it requires costs to promote the site. While marketing through the marketplace has the advantages of the wide range of the market and the limitation of the promotion of the applicator, it also has disadvantages such as commission fees for applicators and price competition with providers of similar products or services in the same application or other applications. The conclusion obtained is that MSME is more familiar with using social media compared to the marketplace, in addition to the fact that web hosting is rarely used, even though it is free. The stages providing an appearance in the application require their own skills. While the direction of the marketing digitization policy on MSME that has been running for this time has begun to form a culture of marketing digitalization for micro and small enterprises, especially the use of the application for product delivery.

Sistem Informasi Penjualan Obat Pada Apotek Wi.Ly Berbasis Local Hosting

With the rapid development of information technology, it has a very important role in various fields. The purpose of this thesis research is to produce the development of a systematic and structured data collection, sales, purchasing system at Willy's Pharmacy, where the previous system still used a manual system with using books, so the author can use local hosting-based information systems as data storage media. The results of the system are made to facilitate the sales and purchase process. The author's purpose in making this research is to make it easier for Willy Farma pharmacies to check, record sales, report sales, purchase reports on drugs. In addition, by using local web hosting, data information can be accessed at any time. The information system is in the form of Local hosting with the Xampp.

TOWARDS PREDICTION OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS DISEASE OCCURRENCE USING LOGISTICS REGRESSION – A WEB BASED APPLICATION

Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) is characterized by acute severe infection of the central nervous system causing inflammation of the meninges with associated morbidity and mortality. The information about its symptoms, time and season of spread, most affected region, its fatality rate, type and how easily it causes major disabilities in patients can be modelled and utilized in its treatment, and prevention. This research uses data mining techniques to predict the occurrence of CSM in terms of those liable to be infected by the disease using feature information about the region and the patient. It encompasses data collection, preprocessing, exploration, algorithm training, prediction, and web hosting. The intention is to help in managing the resources needed for both treatment and prevention. The outcome of the research indicated that the proposed technique is viable for the task, considering the number of correct predictions that was reported when the application was deployed and tested.

Farm Environmental Data Analyzer using a Decentralised system and R

Abstract: Data/Web Hosting is a service that lets enterprises or selves present their data on the internet that users can access. The firm providing such services are web/data host. Apart from that, such services require incessant support, and not everyone can afford a particular centralized data host service. The peer-to-peer(P2P) protocol, the Interplanetary file system(IPFS), is augmenting into a legitimate alternative to traditional data and web hosting. This paper put forward a decentralized blockchain IPFS-based interactive manageable model, and the work presents an application and schematic that serves as a Proof of Concept(PoC) of decentralized blockchain technology that can be wielded to create an immutable record of energy and resource usage for further analysis and estimation of yield at a scale. IPFS hosts an immutable record that would be independently verifiable and available in perpetuity. First, having the user connect to the service through an IPFS node, then requesting the user upload their data. Then the data is uploaded, and a CID(Content Identification) and a QR code are returned to the user, who can then compute and visualize the results through the application. This system enables the novel application of decentralized data storage to capture, add and visualize yield and environmental data and track it further down the supply chain.

A Study On Decentralized Web Hosting Using Peer-To-Peer Architecture

Traditionally, websites are hosted viacentralized network, where the web servers distribute the website files to the clients. However a server failure can prevent the web applications from being used until the server goes live again. Due to the fact that websites rely entirely on the integrity of a single organization, it enables larger companies or government to decide what content is shown, this put into question the freedom that the internet originally brought. The block chain hosting service, also known as decentralized web hosting, is not controlled by a single organization or a third party organization. The architecture relies on peer-to-peer communication rather than client-to-server communication. Due to the decentralized nature of this system, all clients do not rely on a single server for their data, but instead data is sent directly between the clients across the network. It is possible to achieve this with the help of IPFS and Block chain. IPFS is a protocol for distributed file storage that allows computers to store and serve files in a peer-to-peer network by distributing them across computers and with the block chain technology, it is possible to ensure both authenticity as well as confidentiality.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Web Hosting Terbaik Menggunakan Metode ROC dan Metode WASPAS

In Indonesia, there are several well-known hosting service providers such as Hostinger, Niaga Hoster and others. Each hosting provider has its own advantages both in terms of features and price offered, as well as providing additional features for free. Even so, users need to pay attention to some problems that may arise, such as problems with interrupted access and slow website speeds, limited storage capacity and low CPU, as well as security concerns. Therefore, in this study, researchers used decision-making techniques with decision support systems. In spk, of course there are many methods that are presented to the user so that the user can freely choose what method to use for solving each problem that occurs, the previous researcher has conducted a literature study on researchers who have conducted similar research on the research that I made, where there are several research conducted using only one application method, namely the WASPAS method, so of course it is less effective if the weighting of the importance level of the criteria is self-determined, so the researcher uses the WASPAS method as a ranking of 7 alternatives to be dissected and also uses the ROC method as a weighting method for 5 criteria in determine the best web hosting. The results showed that Niaga Hoster was the best choice with a final score of 0.9879, followed by Rumahweb with a final score of 0.9325, and Jagoan Hosting with a final score of 0.9184

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MEDIA JASA DESAIN LOGO DENGAN METODE WATERFALL BERBASIS WEBSITE

The rapid development of internet technology has a huge influence on people's daily lives. Internet technology provides convenience for people to convey information quickly, one of them through the media website. Website is one of the right choices to convey information because it is more accessible from various places and regions just by using the internet. Design website as a promotional media logo design services is aimed to be a solution to the lack of promotional media logo design services on CV Jenester. The results of the website design will be used as a promotional media logo design services to expand the reach of promotion to the public through the internet. The method used in the design and construction of the website is a waterfall method included in one of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) methods that have several stages ranging from analysis, design, coding, testing, and support. The result of website design is the implementation directly to the internet through web hosting. Website design is expected to be a solution to the lack of media promotion of logo design services on CV. Jenester.

Responsive Web-Based E-Voting Information System

Technological advancement has growth rapidly impacted to bring great changes to humans. It is included for voting. By utilizing the advancement and growth of the technology, voting is conducted computer technology in the term of electronic voting or generally referred to as e-voting. The problem currently being confronted by the chairman’s election is the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes it impossible to hold a direct election. This research uses qualitative research methods through system development method in carrying out the the SDLC (System Development Lift Cycle) method as it has gone through several e-voting system development processes such as design, analysis, prototype, and implementation. In building this e-voting, the application design uses the PHP programming language, HTML tags, Mysql database as a database server, Web Hosting. The development of this e-voting application is web-based online. Thus, the e-voting applications can be accessed online. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the application of online e-voting can be implemented to the election of the chairman of RT.01 RW.03 Kludan Village. It can be proved through the application testing to 10 random voters by filling out a questionnaire and getting the results of application acceptance of 83% which is encompassed as very good category.

A Pre-ingestion Framework for Darwin Core Archives

The Atlas of Living Australia’s (ALA) Pre-ingestion Framework is our alternative to managing datasets via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility's (GBIF) Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT). The framework uses a system-agnostic Python codebase to create and update Darwin Core archives: building an archive from a core and extension csv files, merging two archives together, deleting records and identifying duplicates based on the identifiers. The framework dynamicly supports current Darwin Core and GBIF namespace terms. Previously, this functionality was handled internally by a Java-based biocache-store ingestion application. While flexible and easy to call, this black box approach to data management created challenges like removing problem records and tracking and verifying data sources. Last year, as the ALA merged our ingestion codebase with GBIF's pipelines and upgraded our data store infrastructure, we took the opportunity to manage our source data exclusively as full Darwin Core archives, rather than partial text files or spreadsheets. Consequently, the Python-based framework consolidates a lot of work previously managed using a range of methodologies and technologies including Talend, Java and unix based scripting. Alongside the Darwin Core archive manipulation tools, it has handlers for harvesting data from secure external web services, web hosts or file servers. The standardised approach to data loading paves the way for improved automation and workflow. The work has the potential to become an open source project to share with the Living Atlas and biodiversity informatics communities.

Digitalization of Hindu Temples in India in Google Cloud and SerpAPI Automation in Python

The study on scraping the Google Search Engine via the SerpAPI and automatically generating a dataset of the temple name, location of the temple, temple description, the state of India, longitude and latitude coordinates, and distance from the major cities in India is demonstrated. The workload orchestration is controlled by Google Composer in Apache Airflow. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) categorizes applications into microservices under each container. The docker image is created in the GKE control plane, API scheduler segments the granular levels of microservices in the DevOps operation of GitHub, Jenkins. YAML provides the configuration of the pod, of GKE carrying multiple containers, of the main type of input for Kubernetes configurations. Python application creates the YAML for GKE configuration data to define the Kubernetes object and the business rule. The Google native artificial intelligence VertexAPI picks the keyword of the temple name and the location of every state in India. The SerpAPI application digitized the Hindu temples in India for the complete project life cycle for requirement gathering, design, development, and deployment in Google Cloud. The search parameters are designed for Google Search Engine for the collection of historians, and architectural details of the Hindu temples in India. The Google Search application uses the Google Compute Engine, Big Query, Google Kubernetes Engine, Cloud Composer, and big data services of Data Fusion, Dataproc, and Dataflow. The solution uses Google cloud services of Web Hosting, Load balancing, Google Storage, and the compute engine performance tuning in Big Query optimization. The Google search results are in JSON format of every state in temple details and a python application parses the facts on the Search API algorithm. The temple images are visualized in Python Application and integrated for the data visualization of Google inbuilt Google Studio.

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Using Honeypot Network for Cloud Security

Abstract: The rapid increase in the number of users, there is a rise in issues related to hardware failure, web hosting, space and memory allocation of data, which is directly or indirectly leading to the loss of data. With the objective of providing services that are reliable, fast and low in cost, we turn to cloud-computing practices. With a tremendous development in this technology, there is ever increasing chance of its security being compromised by malicious users. A way to divert malicious traffic away from systems is by using Honeypot. It is a colossal strategy that has shown signs of improvement in security of systems. Keeping in mind the various legal issues one may face while deploying Honeypot on third-party cloud vendor servers, the concept of Honeypot is implemented in a file-sharing application which is deployed on cloud server. This paper discusses the detection attacks in a cloud-based environment as well as the use of Honeypot for its security, thereby proposing a new technique to do the same.

Internet Service Providers and Intermediary Liabilities

Just as the provision of goods in the physical world necessitates the involvement of numerous entities that act as intermediaries, the internet supply chain involves several online intermediaries that provide the infrastructure via which customers can exchange information. These can include but are not limited to, telecom and internet service providers, web hosting, Internet search engines, social networking, instant messaging, and so on. It is now impossible to consider life without the internet. The internet, which connects billions of people globally, is a key pillar of the modern information society for creating and trading material. The way we connect and share information has changed, with many negative consequences, and it's not every day that intermediaries are neutral. The judicial process has continued to shape and solidify legislation relating to intermediaries over the years. In India section 79, of the Information technology Act, 2000 governs intermediaries (service providers), under this law no person providing any service as a network service provider shall be liable, rules or regulations made thereunder for any third-party information or data made available by him if he proves that the offense or contravention was committed without his knowledge or that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offense or contravention(the information technology act, 2000, 2000). In 2017, UNESCO published the book “Fostering Freedom Online: The Role of Internet Intermediaries”. It aimed to shed light on how internet intermediaries both foster and restrict freedom of expression across a range of jurisdictions, circumstances, technologies, and business models. (MacKinnon Rebecca et al., 2015). In Ghana, the (Data Protection Act, 2012) was borne by the constitution to protect the privacy of the individual and personal data by regulating the processing of personal information, providing the process to obtain, hold, use or disclose personal information, and for related matters. Serving as a check to these internet intermediaries. In the (electronic transactions act, 2008 (ACT 772)), section 90 is dedicated to the Liability of service providers and intermediaries. “Liability” means that intermediaries must prevent the occurrence of unlawful or harmful activity by users of their services. Failure to do so may result in legal orders compelling the intermediary to act or expose the intermediary to civil or criminal legal action (APC). Keywords: intermediaries, Internet Service Providers, liable, jurisdictions, internet BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Anna Asunka (2022): Internet Service Providers and Intermediary Liabilities Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 113-118 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P19

Cloud Computing – Data Center – Access from Anywhere

Now days we are attached with our electronic gadgets either offline or online in such a way as we breathe, as without breathing we can’t alive, same like these electronics have become a vital part of our daily life. As of now by growing demand of these gadgets either in office work, or in research work or in various technical fields. As the use of computers increases as in day in and day out, the relevant resources that we need also go up. For companies like Oracle, IBM and Microsoft, utilizing the resources and establishing a huge infrastructure or network is not a big issue for these big giants. But for the new startup and small enterprises But when it comes to smaller enterprises, expensiveness becomes a huge factor. At the user or developer end we are facing a lot of issues like hardware disruption, various bugs in software, network errors. So this was such a big hassle for the large community of computer science in all over the world. Cloud Computing offers a quick fix to this situation. This technology has been completely transformed the way in which computing is moved up from PCs and as well as for the single user to enterprise via various servers to a ‘cloud’ of computers e.g: web servers, application servers, database servers and so on. A cloud is a virtualized server grid which can provide the different computing resources through IAAS (Infrastructure as a service),PAAS(platform as a service),SAAS(Software as a service) of their clients. The underlying details of how it is implemented which is not direct to end user. The data and the services provided reside in extensively scalable data centers so anyone can use or access it from any part of the globe. Various big giants like Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and Amazon have started providing cloud computing services from the individual user either paid or free upto some extent or to other small enterprises, big businesses through various models like B2B,B2C,C2C etc. Amazon, salesforce is the trailblazer in the field of cloud computing. Every big and small enterprise, companies which are doing their businesses online using cloud services for the storing information so that later on they will extract some meaning full insights for the growth of businesses. Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch processing, graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.

Initiatives to Preserve the Content of Vanishing Web Hosting

Free hosting services have contributed to the development of the Internet or even acted as a catalyst thereof. This paper aims to answer the questions of what free hosting services represent for Internet users and why initiatives exist to archive content published on free servers. The empirical part of this study attempts to verify whether websites on free servers were designed in an archaic way, which could justify their discontinuation. Initiatives to preserve the content of vanishing web hosting sites are characterized based on a review of various source materials, including the academic literature and Internet resources. This empirical study involved 168 archaic websites, which were analyzed in three dimensions. Marketing components and design were assessed as well. Each assessment dimension was assigned diagnostic variables. The values of the diagnostic variables were standardized using zero unitarization. It was found that the owners of discontinued servers were not interested in creating and maintaining archives. Hence, numerous grassroots initiatives have emerged to salvage their content, although enthusiasm among the archive community seems to have dwindled. Many grassroots archives are available, but a considerable number are no longer supported. In this context, this paper proposes the term ‘vanishing hosting’. It provides a nostalgic and sentimental perspective on the termination of free hosting services. The authors noted that free hosting services have largely lost their past import. It is demonstrated that free servers traditionally hosted archaic websites, which justified their deletion from a business perspective. Moreover, the paper presents an outline of a method to revitalize the tourism sector based on changes brought about by global technology to the digital ecosystem. It is proposed that changes in search engine algorithms vicariously contribute to the revitalization of the tourism sector since they often drive the replacement of old websites with newer versions (latest technology and better quality). This leads to the improved online presentation of tourism service portfolios and the general quality of the content in search engine results.