Web-based Transaction Research Articles

Cashless Payment System on Financial Inclusion in Nigeria

The study investigates the effect of cashless payment system on financial inclusion in Nigeria. Secondary data from year 2010 till 2023 on variables of interest were collected and were analysed using quantitative analysis. Volume of point-of-sale systems in the banks, Volume of Web-Based Transactions in the banking industry, Number of ATM Machines available, number of account holders, rate of usage of bank account all these were used as the independent variables while financial inclusion which was proxied by the number of commercial banks branches in rural area and the total number of commercial bank branches in the country. Quantitative analysis was used to analyse the data. The Auto-regressive Distributed Lag was precisely employed and the result showed that only point of sale volume and web-based transaction have the most significant impact on financial inclusion in Nigeria. Findings indicate that Automated Teller Machines was unable to exert significant impact on financial inclusion. It s recommend that government should reinforce pint of sae transaction as ell as web based transaction among the populace in order to continue to achieve massive financial inclusion in Nigeria.

MONITORING APPLICATION FOR SUBMISSION OF PBJ TRANSACTION REPORTS ON PPATK

Transaction report monitoring is monitoring activities on transaction reports submitted by Goods and/or Other Services Providers to the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center. However, the transaction report monitoring process is still being carried out using Microsoft Excel so that the monitoring process does not run effectively and efficiently. From these problems an idea emerged to create a web-based transaction report monitoring application that can process transaction report data so that the monitoring process is easy for Reporting Analysts to carry out. The methodology used in making this application is the Waterfall method. The programming language used is PHP using the CodeIgniter framework. To display the application using Bootstrap. The database uses MySQL, the standalone server used is XAMPP and the text editor used is Visual Studio Code. If this application is implemented directly in the organization, it can be a solution in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the process of monitoring transaction reports.

APIs: A Common Interface for the Global Biodiversity Informatics Community

Web APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) facilitate the exchange of resources (data) between two functionally independent entities across a common programmatic interface. In more general terms, Web APIs can connect almost anything to the world wide web. Unlike traditional software, APIs are not compiled, installed, or run. Instead, data are read (or consumed in API speak) through a web-based transaction, where a client makes a request and a server responds. Web APIs can be loosely grouped into two categories within the scope of biodiversity informatics, based on purpose. First, Product APIs deliver data products to end-users. Examples include the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist APIs. Designed and built to solve specific problems, web-based Service APIs are the second type and the focus of this presentation (referred to as Service APIs). Their primary function is to provide on-demand support to existing programmatic processes. Examples of this type include Elasticsearch Suggester API and geolocation, a service that delivers geographic locations from spatial input (latitude and longitude coordinates) (Pejic et al. 2010). Many challenges lie ahead for biodiversity informatics and the sharing of global biodiversity data (e.g., Blair et al. 2020). Service-driven, standardized web-based Service APIs that adhere to best practices within the scope of biodiversity informatics can provide the transformational change needed to address many of these issues. This presentation will highlight several critical areas of interest in the biodiversity data community, describing how Service APIs can address each individually. The main topics include: standardized vocabularies, interoperability of heterogeneous data sources and data quality assessment and remediation. standardized vocabularies, interoperability of heterogeneous data sources and data quality assessment and remediation. Fundamentally, the value of any innovative technical solution can be measured by the extent of community adoption. In the context of Service APIs, adoption takes two primary forms: financial and temporal investment in the construction of clients that utilize Service APIs and willingness of the community to integrate Service APIs into their own systems and workflows. financial and temporal investment in the construction of clients that utilize Service APIs and willingness of the community to integrate Service APIs into their own systems and workflows. To achieve this, Service APIs must be simple, easy to use, pragmatic, and designed with all major stakeholder groups in mind, including users, providers, aggregators, and architects (Anderson et al. 2020Anderson et al. 2020; this study). Unfortunately, many innovative and promising technical solutions have fallen short not because of an inability to solve problems (Verner et al. 2008), rather, they were difficult to use, built in isolation, and/or designed without effective communication with stakeholders. Fortunately, projects such as Darwin Core (Wieczorek et al. 2012), the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (Robertson et al. 2014), and Megadetector (Microsoft 2021) provide the blueprint for successful community adoption of a technological solution within the biodiversity community. The final section of this presentation will examine the often overlooked non-technical aspects of this technical endeavor. Within this context, specifically how following these models can broaden community engagement and bridge the knowledge gap between the major stakeholders, resulting in the successful implementation of Service APIs.

What Type of Investment Does Digital Finance Promote: Speculative or Non- Speculative?

This study was set to investigate the elasticity of digital finance to foreign investment correlates in Nigeria. The quest was triggered by the need to determine whether or not foreign flows act as enablers for the development of digital finance. To determine the order of integration and ensure the stationarity of the variables used, we performed the traditional Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF).Using web-based transaction value as a proxy for digital finance, the baseline ARDL estimates show that foreign investment flows proxied by FDI, FPI and Loans act as drivers for digital finance. Web based transaction was found to be a positively significant function of foreign portfolio and foreign loans with different coefficient of elasticity. Foreign direct investment on the other handdid not significantly affect the dependent variable over the studied period. We established co-integration following Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) test for co integration by using the Bound Test results. The coefficient of the Error Correction Mechanism (-0.22) is negatively significant, which implies that 22 percent of the errors in the model are corrected annually. The ECM suggests that web-based transactions adjust to the speed and dynamics of investment drivers in Nigeria within the studied period. FPI and Loans were significant. Digital finance is promoting FPI and not FDI which is not healthy. Government should review her policies on investments and pay attention to essential ingredients for boosting investments in Nigeria like ease of doing business, security and corruption.

Impact of Cashless Banking on Banks’ Profitability (Evidence from Nigeria)

The quest for global relevance and sustainable development had led to wide exploitation of the benefits of cashless banking in payments system of Nigerian banks. The study examines the impact of cashless banking on the profitability of banks in Nigeria. The study used proxies for cashless banking such as Automated teller machine (ATM), Point of sale (POS), and web based transaction (WBT) to examine its impact on the aggregate return on equity (ROE) of deposit money banks in Nigeria, through an ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression method of analysis. The result showed that ATM and POS are positively related to ROE, while WBT related negatively to ROE. This is as a result of high rates of bank charges on online deposits and as a result, most customers do not patronize the product. Non-usage of the WBT for online deposits had created a negative impact on profitability of Nigerian banks. Recommendations were made among which are that banks should provide a sufficient standby generators that could be used in case of electricity failure, provide adequate ICT infrastructure and management framework, and enlighten the public on the importance of using ICT banking products.

Service Constraint Guarantees

In this paper we investigate the problem of providing consistency, availability and durability for Web Service transactions. We consider enforcement of integrity constraints in a way that increases the availability while guaranteeing the correctness specified in the constraint. We study hierarchical constraints that offer an opportunity for optimization because of an expensive aggregation calculation required in the enforcement of the constraint. We propose an approach that guarantees enforcement of constraints and also allow the distribution of write operations among many clusters to increase the availability. In our previous work, we proposed a replica update propagation method, called the Buddy System, which guaranteed durability and increased availability of web services. In this paper, we extend the Buddy System to enforce hierarchical data integrity constraints. En terprise web-based transaction systems need to support many concurrent clients simultaneously accessing shared resources. These applications are often developed using a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). SOA supports the composition of multiple Web Services (WSs) to perform complex business processes. One of the important aspects for SOA applications is to provide a high-level of concurrency; we can think of the measure of the concurrency as the availability of the service to all clients requesting services. A common way to increase the availability is through the replication of the services and their corresponding resources. Often a web farm is used to host multiple replicas of the web application, web services and their resources. Requests are distributed among the replicas. Consistency and durability are often sacrificed to achieve increased availability. The CAP theory [1] [2], stating that distributed database designers can achieve at most two of the properties: consistency (C), availability (A), and partition tolerance (P), has influenced distributed database design in a way that often causes the designer to give up on immediate consistency. In our previous papers we have addressed issues related to increasing availability while still guaranteeing durability and consistency of replicated databases. In this paper we address issues related to maintaining high availability while adding guarantees of correctness by enforcing hierarchical constraints. Traditionally these hierarchical constraints are not enforced by the system due to the expensive run-time cost. In our previous work [3] [4] we provided an extension to the lazy replica update propagation method to reduce the risk of data loss and provide high availability while maintaining consistency. The Buddy System executes a transaction on a primary replica. However, the transaction cannot commit until a secondary replica, “the buddy”, also preserves the effects of the transaction. The rest of the replicas are updated using one of the standard lazy update propagation protocols. The Buddy System provides a guarantee of transactional durability (i.e., effects of the transaction are preserved even if the server, hosting the primary replica crashes before the update can be propagated to the other replicas) and efficient update propagation (i.e., our approach requires the synchronized update between two replicas only, therefore adding minimal overhead to the lazy-replication protocol). The Buddy System uses an application-layer dispatcher [5] to select the buddies based on the data items and the operations of the transactions, the data versions available, and the network characteristics of the WS farm. A limitation of the Buddy System is that integrity constraints that require different classes in the calculation cannot be guaranteed. An example is an address that requires a valid owner in the person class. This integrity constraint cannot be enforced because data mutation can happen on different clusters simultaneously. In this paper we address this limitation. We provide an approach that pulls the Unified Markup Language (UML) constraints expressed in Object Constraint Language (OCL) from the design model. Data is incrementally maintained to allow the dispatcher to enforce the constraint, and, once successful, distribute the requests to several clusters concurrently.

Efficient Iris Biometrics Technique for Secure Distributed Systems

Summary In recent years the need has grown for the use of distributed systems for use in different applications and this applications become used in many areas and as an example for the applications of distributed systems is the E-commerce transactions, E-commerce is a set of e-business such as sales, purchase or exchange of goods and this business is done through large computer networks (such as the Internet); hence, there is a growing need for a combination of legislation and technical solutions to globally secure customer privacy. Credit card fraud is one of the crimes especially when it is used for web-based transaction. In this paper, a technical solution using Efficient and fast Iris recognition method as an authentication technique is proposed for protecting identity theft in e-commerce transactions because Iris patterns are unique to an individual. Therefore, this research proposes a web-based architecture which uses a combination of Image Processing and secure transmission of customers’ Iris templates along with credit card details for decreasing credit card frauds over Internet.

The influence of social communication networks on intentions to purchase on the web

Despite the increased offering of online communication channels to support web-based retail systems, there is limited marketing research that investigates how these channels act singly, or in combination with offline channels, to influence an individual's intention to purchase online. If the marketer's strategy is to encourage online transactions, this requires a focus on consumer acceptance of the web-based transaction technology, rather than the purchase of the products per se. The exploratory study reported in this paper examines normative influences from referent groups in an individual's on and offline social communication networks that might affect their intention to use online transaction facilities. The findings suggest that for non-adopters, there is no normative influence from referents in either network. For adopters, one online and one offline referent norm positively influenced this group's intentions to use online transaction facilities. The implications of these findings are discussed together with future research directions.