Web-based Commerce Research Articles

UMKLAmart.ac.id: Campus-based Economic Empowerment Movement using Web-based Technology on Muhammadiyah Higher Education in Indonesia (Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten Chapter)

Abstract. The importance of campus financial sustainability is starting to feel important, especially with the outbreak of COVID-19 and the Industrial Revolution 4.0, which increasingly empowers the nation’s need for financial freedom which is supported by a data innovation framework. The development of bedukmutu (buying and buying quality products) with the UMKLAmart.ac.id marketplace instrument offers arrangements to answer this challenge. The development of bedukmutu quality at Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten is an entrepreneurial development based on the attraction of the need to encourage purchases by the campus academic community. Buying and selling is one of the things that must be done so that universities have a stake in realizing economic independence. UMKLAmart.ac.id can become a web-based commerce center application that carries the concept of IoT (Internet of Things), which prioritizes comfort and convenience for the millennial era. The reason for the benefit of our society is to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere and the realization of financial independence at Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten. For the benefit of this community, the use of bedukmutu with the back of the UMKLAmart.ac.id commercial center is carried out in three stages, more specifically, starting with conceptualizing with the Muhammadiyah Klaten Higher Education academic community while conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten Higher Education academic community, and third, creation and socialization of UMKLAmart.ac.id to the academic community. The result of this community benefit is the development of quality drums with the support of the UMKLAmart.ac.id commercial center application at Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten. The benefits of this community are in the expansion to create an entrepreneurial environment and financial freedom for the academic community and Universitas Muhammadiyah as a charity for educational efforts in Muhammadiyah, as well as to coordinate hypotheses and hone real entrepreneurial learning.

Development of Web-based Commerce Lapaksenggol.com as a Medium of Promotion and Marketing for SMEs in East Jakarta

The situation during Covid-19 requires businesspeople to adapt to existing conditions and survive in an industry. It should be realized that not all SMEs have the same digital literacy, so it needs support from various parties to provide understanding and assistance to improve the skills of SMEs in utilizing digital platforms in business activities. The contribution of Lapaksenggol.com in community service activities to the Jakarta SMEs group (Jakpreneur), which is under the guidance of the East Jakarta Sub-Department of Trade, Industry, Cooperatives and SMEs is in its second year, where through this proposal, the team seeks to improve service quality by developing the service features of the Lapaksenggol.com website. The workshop was carried out for six months, starting from April to September 2022. Considering the Covid-19 pandemic, various activities will be implemented face-to-face (on the network) through Zoom. The results obtained from the socializations are the introduction of the Lapaksenggol.com marketplace and provided understanding to SMEs about the importance of doing social media advertising, managing finances in business activities, and introducing the SIAPIK application to support the business activities of SMEs in East Jakarta.

Design and Development of Web-based Commerce for SMEs in East Jakarta

This activity is a “Design and Development of a Web-Commerce-based Strategy for Promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises for SMEs in the East Jakarta Region.” This is motivated by various obstacles experienced by SMEs when they are not sufficiently competitive with competitors in the market. The disruptive era has driven changes in various aspects of life, including market behavior. It is undeniable that business digitization plays a very important role in business activities. For this reason, this program aims to make SMEs especially those in the East Jakarta area able to be competitive through the designed Web-Commerce, which is named lapaksenggol.com. The lapaksenggol.com web-commerce is a promotional media that can be used optimally by SMEs in the East Jakarta area to make it easier to expand market share and get closer to consumers. In addition, in the long term, the existence of lapaksenggol.com Web-Commerce will increase consumer awareness of the existence of SMEs, build networking with other business units, and increase market confidence in SMEs. As a result of the collaboration with the East Jakarta Regional Cooperative, SMEs and Trade Sub-Department, the soft launching of the lapaksenggol.com web-commerce was carried out on June 22, 2021, and the socialization of lapaksenggol.com to SMEs in East Jakarta on August 19, 2021.

The projection and measurement of cyberpower

Cyberspace and cyberpower are terms that are increasingly used in common parlance, but are notoriously difficult to define and measure. This article builds on previous work defining the properties of cyberspace in terms of vertical layers, which when combined with a representation of distance presents a three-dimensional model. The unique attributes of cyberspace can be harnessed for power projection, the aim of which is ultimately to alter the behaviour of individuals. Although cyberspace has yet to be used as a medium to demonstrate conventional hard power of coercion and threats supported by physical force, it does present a suitable medium for the projection of soft power of attraction and imitation. These are defined within the context of the online environment and by drawing on the techniques used to optimise Web-based commerce, potential methods of implementing and measuring the success of a campaign of cyberpower projection are proposed.

SQL Injection-Database Attack Revolution and Prevention

SQL injection came with a bang and caused revolution in database attacking. Inrecent years, with the explosion in web-based commerce and information systems, databases havebeen drawing ever closer to the network and it is critical part of network security. This paper is incorporated with our research and firsthand experience in hacking the database by SQL injection. Database is the Storage Brain of a website. A hacked database is the source for Passwords and juicy information like credit card number, bank account number and every important thing that are forbidden. Importance should be given for preventing database exploitation by SQL injection. The aim of this paper is to create awareness among web developers or database administrators about the urgent need for database security. Our ultimate objective is to totally eradicate the whole concept of SQL injection and to avoid this technique becoming a plaything in hands of exploiters.

A New Paradigm for Packaging Design in Web-Based Commerce

E-commerce is one of the most important features to have emerged from the presence of the Internet. It allows people to exchange goods with low time or distance barriers. E-commerce creates new opportunities; meanwhile, it also presents new challenges in terms of supplying chain management, particularly regarding the packaging system. Packaging functions have had to develop along with the new requirements enforced by e-commerce (i.e., increased amounts of packaging materials for each product, an increased need to protect items, end-life management, environmental sustainability, etc.). In this paper, the authors propose an original reference framework for the design of a product packaging system that can be applied to e-operations. According to the framework, the authors have developed a mathematical model for evaluating the cost that a company has to sustain when partaking in e-commerce business. In conclusion, the paper discusses the application of both the framework and the mathematical model to a case study in order to develop an innovative packaging solution for e-commerce.

PROTECTING THE ONLINE USER’S INFORMATION AGAINST PHISHING ATTACKS USING DYNAMIC ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES

A phishing attack is a criminal activity which mimics a certain legitimate webpage using a fake webpage with an intention of luring end-users to visit the fake website thereby stealing their personal information such as usernames, passwords and other personal details such as credit card information. Phishing has seen an alarming trend of increase in both the volume and the sophistication of phishing attacks. According to a description of phishing by APWG, the ways phishers steal consumers’ personal information consist of social engineering and technical subterfuge. In technical-subterfuge schemes, phishers furtively plant crime ware onto users’ computers to intercept their online account user names and passwords, while in social-engineering schemes they send spoofed e-mails to consumers purporting to be from legitimate businesses and agencies and then mislead consumers to counterfeit websites. When a user wants to access the website, the server sends an encrypted security code to the user through the communication protocol. If the user’s login name is not valid it will show an error message. If the user’s name is valid, the website checks the user’s registered account and sends an acknowledgement to that user. The legitimate or true webpage mimicked by the fake webpage is defined as the phishing target. Such phishing attacks if executed on newly created web pages prove difficult to identify as it becomes hard to tell which the phishing page is and which the target is. We anticipate that our approach would be deployed for websites requiring a high level of security and that it would ultimately help in remaining customer confidence in using web-based commerce. The automatic discovery of phishing target is proposed to solve the above problem.

Some technological implications for ascertaining the contents of contracts in web-based transactions

This paper points out some unexpected relationships between specific aspects of contract law and specific Internet-related technologies. The discussion is not about the interplay between “Law” and “Technology,” or the “Law” and the “Internet.” The aim is modest: to identify some theoretical chokepoints created by the technologies involved in web-based commerce and to point out the legal uncertainties persisting in this area. The analysis is confined to the process of contract formation, not to matters of substantive law. It is during this process that parties assume their contractual obligations and the contents of a contract crystallize.

Talking Race and Cyberspace: An Interview with Lisa Nakamura

Talking Race and Cyberspace:An Interview with Lisa Nakamura Lisa Nakamura (bio) and Geert Lovink (bio) I met Internet scholar Lisa Nakamura at a conference held in Oslo in late 2001, where she showed how techno-utopian dreams reproduced racist patterns. Her analysis was shockingly normal because it once again proved how "the old" gets teleported into the new in a friction-free manner. Nakamura's work shows how the Internet, despite all its claims to the alternative, remains a part of dominant visual culture. This flirting with fluid identities, so common in the roaring nineties, distracted Internet advocates from further investigations, a pattern that has, of course, changed over the past years. A number of conferences have been held, studies have been written and published, and Lisa Nakamura's work stands out within the emerging field of new media studies. I conducted the following e-mail interview after Lisa and I got involved in a debate about the merits of "Internet research." Geert Lovink: Let's start our dialogue with a thesis. If the Internet, in terms of acceptance and user cultures, has reached its phase of "normalization," the logical consequence is that the Net is as racist as the society it stems from. Is there any evidence that this is the case? What do you think of such a "mirror" theory? In your book Cybertypes, you speak of a cyberspace that needs to examine its roots in society. Lisa Nakamura: Certainly the Net is as racist as the societies that it stems from. How could this not be true? Is it not true of all other media forms, including literature, film, and television? Why should the Internet be different? I do, however, think that the Internet does more than "mirror" ideology from the culture at large; distinctive aspects of the Internet as a communication technology are lacking in other media, and its interfaces do as much to create particular kinds of identities as the Internet does to reflect them. I don't think that Cybertypes was the first book to say that cyberspace needs [End Page 60] to examine its roots in society. The second wave of post-utopian backlash, like Sandy Stone's work, did that. I think that it tried to say that the Internet's interfaces made some identity choices unavailable, some unavoidable, and otherwise served to police and limit the kinds of ways that people could define themselves. The Internet hails its audiences in the same ways that texts have intended readers, that films and television shows have intended audiences, and that made environments are intended for particular users. And in its earlier stages the Internet was not hailing people of color; it assumed a normative white user and in fact often still does. GL: Could you tell us where Internet "race" research stands at the moment? I remember that at some point two large U.S. conferences took place. However, as you previously noted, "digital divide" statistics are changing, both within the United States and elsewhere. Asian-Americans can perhaps no longer be classified as disadvantaged. Without much notice, the Chinese have become the second biggest user group, after the Americans. The majority of content on the Net is no longer in English. Nevertheless, certain power relations remain and new inequalities are created. LN: The two events that you refer to are the "Race in Digital Space" conferences, which are cosponsored by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Southern California. These conferences are fantastic, but they are not yet established in the way that other discipline-oriented conferences are. I agree with you about certain power relations—such as institutionalized racism—remaining and new inequalities being created. I think that two of the most striking new inequalities are the division between broadband and dial-up users and the way that some people, such as Asian Americans, who seem to be privileged users of the Internet, are being targeted as markets for Web-based commerce rather than as communities who can organize themselves to get things done. So being on the Internet is not in and of itself an unmitigated good. GL: How do groups like the Association for Internet Research...

Analysis of E-commerce innovation and impact: a hypercube model

Electronic commerce (E-commerce) innovating applications have posed novel, technical, organizational and commercial challenges. This study uses a hypercube model to investigate these innovative changes and focuses on their impacts on E-commerce stakeholders: providers, E-commerce companies, customers, and complementors. The results indicate that mobile commerce (M-commerce) differs substantially from Web-based commerce in some technological components, yet both share common business model. However, from Web-based to M-commerce, innovation is architectural for customers and E-commerce companies, but a radical change for complementors. From M-commerce to U-commerce, innovation is modular to customers, architectural to complementors and radical to E-commerce companies and providers. Thereafter, the critical impacts of E-commerce innovations on the stakeholders are identified.

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Promotional Techniques in Web-Based Commerce

This paper explores the effects of two specific message delivery techniques frequently adopted by online stores: continuously animated site banners and unexpected pop-up ads. Results from 128 surveys collected in a 2x2 factorial design showed that each of the two techniques had a significant effect on perceived irritation in the hypothesized direction. This paper also confirmed that perceived irritation has a significant negative relationship with a visitor’s attitude toward the website. This study fills a vacuum in academic research with respect to the negative effects of Web advertising and advises caution in the deployment of certain techniques. This paper advocates future research that links format attributes and presentation techniques to attitudinal consequences in Web advertising, as well as in the design of an entire website.

Separating Business Process from User Interaction in Web-Based Information Commerce

In Web-based information commerce it is diffcult to disentangle presentation from process logic, and sometimes even data is not separate from the presentation. Consequently, it becomes crucial to define an abstract model for business processes and their mapping into an active user interface presentation, using the principle of separation of concern. We endeavor to extend XSLT to accommodate the separation of process information from the data structure and presentation. We support declarative design further by a language designed to concisely specify information commerce processes. The isolation of the aspects of data, process and presentation makes it easier for developers to work independently and to focus on their primary responsibility.

Globalization and E-Commerce III. The French Enviroment and Policy

According to most indicators, the use of the Internet and the development of e-commerce (over the Internet) in France are below the level that should be reached given the French level of development. This observation can be explained by the late adoption of digital technologies by the French. However, the French lateness is less important for professional uses than for domestic uses. France began to catch up with pioneering countries during 1999-2000, but the collapse Internet bubble reduced the pace of adoption. The French late adoption of digital technologies is partly the result of the strong involvement of France in the development of two pre-existing technologies: Minitel (principally dedicated to B2C) and EDI (dedicated to B2B). Both technologies provided the users with a sufficient level of service to support their business processes, but hindered their propensity to switch to new Internet-based technology. Consequently, most available indicators underestimate the actual level of e-commerce in France, especially the French business readiness to switching to Web-based commerce. The late adoption of technology was not the only inhibitor for e-commerce. In France's recent economic history, decision makers focused for too long on other issues. France had to adapt its economy and its industry to a competitive and global environment. Since the State played a strong role in an economy that was not widely open to competition, a wide set of reforms took place between the mid-1980s and the late 1990s. However, this restructuring policy prepared France for the adoption of e-commerce. as France was transformed into a service economy. Most organizations became more flexible by externalizing non-core activities and by implementing modular principles of organization. French companies went international as well. This new business climate favored the adoption of e-business and e-commerce practice by the end of the 1990s. When macroeconomic and industrial restructurings were achieved, the French government launched a strong information society policy. Since 1998, the government furthered the deregulation of telecommunication services, reshaped the legal framework to adapt to digital technologies, promoted IT training and innovation, and developed e-government. These policies were both a component of and aligned with the year 2000 e-Europe initiative of the European Union (EU), which promoted the development of a strong digital economy. Specific support programs (in RD and development of content) were combined and an intensive effort for legislation and inter-member benchmarking occurred (to stimulate member states to align on the most advanced state), the Commission and the Council of the EU tried try to stimulate development of a dynamic digital industry in Europe, and to boost the adoption of digital technologies and the new-methods of work and business enabled by them. While the European and the French policies impacted the adoption of digital technologies and e-commerce development significantly, they were insufficient to really enable France to catch up. The bursting of the Internet bubble slowed the pace. Moreover, B2C e-commerce was inhibited by the efficiency of the French distribution system that serves at a low cost alternative to the Internet for most of the population. The existing installed base of EDI, especially in the automobile and distribution industries, inhibits B2B e-commerce over the Internet. Consequently, the French e-commerce path of development is unique since it relies less on the Internet than in many other countries. Despite these inhibitors, France is adopting digital technologies and related practices at a higher pace than the other European countries. Within France, e-commerce is quite different in the various regions and industries. The Paris area (one-fifth of the French population), the IT industry, the professional services and distribution industries, and large companies are as intensively digitized as most advanced countries, industries, and companies worldwide. Ho

Small Firm Internet Adoption: a market oriented approach

Fundamental to the development of new customer value offerings via web-based commerce is a small firm’s ability to strategically acquire and exploit knowledge. The focus of this paper is the empirical testing of a normative web-based commerce adoption model developed from a review of the extant literature related to electronic marketing, the Internet and the diffusion of new innovations. A preliminary test of the model’s theoretical contentions lent support to its overall focus, but found that the firm’s existing learning capabilities were diminished during the adoption of web-based commerce. Consequently, sub-optimal adoption outcomes were associated with insufficient knowledge development.

WebALPS

Web-based commerce is rife with scenarios where a party needs to trust properties of computation and data storage occurring at a remote machine, operated by a different party with different interests. In our WebALPS project, we have used off-the-shelf hardware and open source software to build trusted co-servers co-resident with Web servers, and bring the secure SSL channel all the way into these trusted co-servers. In this paper, we survey how this tool can be used to systematically address privacy and security issues in e-commerce.

Small Business Management: An It-Based Approach

In the constantly changing environment of the 1990s and beyond, businesses large and small need to have a well-thought-out strategy that is based upon the best-of-breed products or services with excellent support to compete in the market. In this paper, we propose a five-step model for small business IT management based on a small business story of John Dryden. The modeling process includes: 1) developing business competition strategy; 2) developing operations strategy, 3) developing technology strategy, 4) implementing systems integration, and 5) conducting facility management. The associated enabling and/or emerging Web-based commerce technologies for small businesses are illustrated and recommended.

Electronic Commerce: The Issues and Challenges to Creating Trust and a Positive Image in Consumer Sales on the World Wide Web

We live in a world increasingly propelled by technological change. The next big thrust in a quest to make our lives better, simpler and more productive is electronic commerce (or E-commerce). What is E-commerce? Who will use it? What are the barriers to its successful implementation? How will a viable consumer model be constructed? While I will examine the technology that makes this e-commerce possible, I will also examine the issues of trust and image in e-commerce. It is not possible to separate the issues of technology, security, and trust. The whole image that secure, Web-based commerce needs polishing if it will ever meet expectations. One prediction claims that e-commerce will achieve revenues of $200 billion globally by the end of the year 2000. Considering that in 1995 approximately $131 million of goods were purchased online, the jump to $200 billion is staggering. The technologies that make the World Wide Web and e-commerce possible have some potentially negative components. Privacy issues are a major concern for many, since there are the means to collect consumer information easily with digital tools. Transaction security is equally important as well. These issues need timely resolution with government and business working together to ensure the privacy of consumers and the fidelity of transactions. Business and government need to develop a set of specific standards that are part of a uniform business code for transacting business on the Internet. Without cooperation, government agencies will step in and deal in a reactionary mode to abuses that are either taking place or imagined.