Wear Characteristics Of Composites Research Articles

Potential of mango shell powder as a bio filler in flax-jute hybrid epoxy composites: mechanical and wear characterization

Abstract The exploration of natural fillers has garnered considerable attention in response to persistent concerns about material pollution and diminishing resources. In the context of this study, one such natural filler under scrutiny is mango shell powder (MSP), a byproduct derived from mango processing. The central objective of this investigation is to assess the potential of MSP as a filler in flax-jute hybrid epoxy composites, with a keen focus on enhancing their properties. Specifically, the study aims to elucidate the impact of incorporating MSP filler on the mechanical and wear characteristics of these composites. The experimental approach involved the preparation of composite samples with varying weight percentages of MSP filler, ranging from 1 % to 9 % (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 9 %), while maintaining a constant fiber and matrix weight ratio. The results obtained from the experiments revealed that composite samples containing a 7 % filler exhibited superior mechanical properties, while wear resistance demonstrated a noticeable decrease with the progressive increase in filler content. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of MSP as a filler in enhancing both the mechanical and wear characteristics of flax-jute hybrid epoxy composites, providing valuable insights for further applications in sustainable composite materials.

Tribological Behaviour of Furcraea Foetida Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites under Varying Applied Loads

This study investigates the tribological behaviour of Furcraea Foetida fibre-reinforced epoxy composites under varying applied loads. The aim is to understand the influence of applied load on the frictional behaviour and wear characteristics of the composites. The study employs a pin-on-disk test to examine the frictional force, coefficient of friction (COF), and specific wear rate (SWR) of identical samples subjected to four different loads (80 N, 100 N, 120 N, 140 N). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyse the surface morphology under different loads. The frictional force versus sliding distance graph demonstrates an increasing trend from 80 N to 120 N, followed by minimal change at 140 N. Similarly, the COF versus applied load graph shows a progressive increase from 80 N to 120 N, with the least increase observed at 140 N. The SWR versus applied load graph indicates an increasing trend from 80 N to 120 N, with marginal variation at 140 N. SEM analysis reveals that only the sample subjected to 140 N shows evidence of plastic deformation. In conclusion, the results indicate that the applied load significantly influences the frictional behaviour and wear characteristics of the Furcraea Foetida fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. At higher loads, the increase in frictional force, COF, and SWR becomes less pronounced, suggesting potential saturation in the composites' response. The presence of plastic deformation at 140 N further highlights the unique behaviour observed at this load. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the tribological performance of the composites and have implications for their practical applications.

Hardness and Wear Behavior of Heat Treated Aluminium Silicon Alloy SiC Particle Reinforced Composite

The A356 Aluminium Silicon alloy is reinforced with Silica Carbide particles (SiCp) to form metal matrix composite by stir casting method to study the hardness and wear properties. The composites are prepared for weight fraction of 2, 4 and 6% of SiC with the base alloy and their characteristics are observed at post T6 full heat treated condition. The optical microscopic metallography observation shows the rosettes of uniform spheroidal grains of strain free eutectic silicon phase in proeutectic Aluminium matrix after heat treatment. The hardness and wear properties of the A356-SiC composites have increased with the increase in weight percentage of reinforcement particle in the base alloy. Maximum hardness and wear resistance is observed for 6% SiC which is the maximum percentage of inclusion of secondary element considered under this study. A comprehensive discussion is made on the strengthening of the A356 alloy on addition of hard SiC particles that has improved the hardness and wear characteristics of composites in heat treated conditions.

On the tribology of complex 2D/3D composites bearing

In the present work, a hierarchical braided polymer composite consists of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers, reinforcement fibers, and epoxy resin was designed as a self-lubricant composite and bearing. Different reinforcements such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers were employed to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the wear characteristics of composites. Besides, the influence of 2D/3D braid fabric was examined on the wear behavior of samples. Also, 90 and 120 N loads were applied to assess the load impact. Results illustrated that compared to glass and Kevlar, carbon could lead to a greater wear weight loss and friction coefficient. However, PTFE tribofilm was observed according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Moreover, with the increase of load, the wear stability of the composites faded significantly. Furthermore, the tribological features became inappropriate with the deployment of the 3D braid structure. Finally, the modeling of tribological parameters was carried out using response surface methodology-based D-optimal design. The adequacy of the models was checked by analysis of variance. Results implied that there is an excellent correlation between the model and the experiments.

Influence of two different range of sillimanite particle reinforcement on tribological characteristics of LM30 based composites under elevated temperature conditions

In this work, high temperature wear-resistant LM30/sillimanite composites for automotive applications have been fabricated. Dual particle size composites reinforced with naturally occurring sillimanite mineral were processed and investigated for operating temperatures in the range of 50–300 °C. Sillimanite particles with size range of 1–20 μm (fine) and 75–106 μm (coarse) were mixed in weight ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 to be reinforced to the LM30 alloy. SEM micrographs and area mapping/line mapping profile results showed presence of different phases and revealed that sillimanite inclusion changed the morphology of proeutectic silicon to globular and refined its grain size. Particles were well distributed in LM30 matrix. Increase in reinforcement level of particles led to continuous improvement in properties. As such, the best properties were obtained in composite containing 15 wt% sillimanite with proportion of fine: coarse particles as 3:1 (15-DPS3 composite). The transition temperature of wear mode increased from 150 °C for base alloy to 200 °C for composites. For the temperature-pressure condition of 200–1 MPa, 15-DPS3 composite showed 15% higher hardness, 80% lower wear rate, 48% lower friction coefficient, and 28% lower thermal expansion coefficient than base alloy. These wear characteristics of composites were comparable to the commercially used grey cast iron material. XRD of wear track/debris confirmed the formation of tribolayer. SEM analysis of wear track/debris identified the wear mechanisms causing materials loss under different contact pressures. Light-weight and economical composites developed in this research can act as a good substitute for the heavy cast iron components used in industry.

Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing and Heat Treatment on the Tribological Characteristics of Al Based MMC's

This paper reports on effect of forging and Heat Treatment on Tribological characteristics of aluminium alloy-silicon nitride. Cast aluminium alloy and composite were subjected to open die hot forging process. Alloy and its composites were examined to characteristics hardness and wear test under both primary and secondary processing conditions. Effect of heat treatment on hardness and tribological behaviour were also studied. Microstructure shows even spreading of particles in cast & forged conditions. hot forged alloy and composite shows a noticeable improvement in wear resistance and COF compare to their primary counter parts. Heat treatment has a considerable effect on hardness, friction and wear characteristics of composites.

Effect of Ag2Mo2O7 Incorporation on the Tribological Characteristics of Adaptive Ni-Based Composite at Elevated Temperatures

A high-temperature self-lubricating Ni-based composite was prepared with the addition of Ag2Mo2O7 by a powder metallurgy technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that Ag2Mo2O7 decomposed to Ag and MoO3 during the sintering process. The tribological properties of Ni-based composites were evaluated, and the effects of Ag2Mo2O7 incorporation on the friction and wear characteristics of composites were analyzed. The results showed that the tribological properties of Ni-based composite deteriorated with increasing temperature, and the addition of Ag2Mo2O7 decreased the coefficient of friction and wear rate of Ni-based composite at medium and high temperatures. The coefficient of friction and wear rate of composite containing 20 wt% Ag2Mo2O7 were lowered to 0.33 and 1.51 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1, respectively. The wear mechanism was characterized by plastic deformation and delamination. In addition, the improvement of tribological properties of the Ni-based composite at high temperatures is attributed to synergistic lubricating effect of silver molybdate (reproduce in the rubbing process at high temperatures) and iron oxide (transfer from disk material to the pin).

High Temperature Tribological Characteristics of Fe–Mo-based Self-Lubricating Composites

Fe–Mo-based self-lubricating composites were prepared by a powder metallurgical hot-pressing method. The tribological properties of Fe–Mo-based composites with varied CaF2 contents at high temperature were evaluated, and the effect of glaze films on the friction and wear characteristics of composites were analyzed. The results show that the introduction of CaF2 into Fe–Mo alloys improved the mechanical properties, and the best tribological properties of Fe–Mo–CaF2 composites were achieved at the CaF2 content of 8 wt% at both room temperature and 600 °C. The worn surface of Fe–Mo–CaF2 composite at 600 °C is characterized to plastic deformation and slight scuffing, and the improved tribological properties are attributed to the formation of lubricious glaze film that composed of high-temperature lubricants CaMoO4 and CaF2 on the worn surface of the composites.

Spray processing and wear characteristics of Al-Cu-Al2O3-Pb based composites

The spray deposition process has been employed in synthesis of Al-4.5Cu-10Al2O3 and Al-4.5Cu-10Al2O3-10Pb based composites. The microstructure and wear characteristics of composites were investigated. The rapid solidification inherent in spray deposition processing resulted in a uniform dispersion of Al2O3 and Pb particles co-existing in the matrix of the- primary α-phase. The grain size of the Al-4.5Cu-10Al2O3-Pb composite was observed to be higher than that of the Al-4.5Cu-10Al2O3 composite in various sections of the spray deposit. The wear rate of composite materials decreased with addition of Pb phase. This behavior is discussed in the light of the microstructural modification induced by spray deposition and the morphology of debris particles on the wear track surfaces. The wear characteristics of the composites are compared with that of the liquid immiscible Al-4.5Cu-10Pb alloy.

Wear characteristics of composites: Effect of fiber orientation

Wear characteristics of continuous graphite fiber-epoxy compo were studied on a Falex wear tester by sliding composite rings with var fiber orientations against conforming steel blocks under normal pressure 126 Ibf in −2 and a surface speed of 0.6 m s −1. The highest wear rate was tained when the fibers were oriented at 30° from the sliding direction. A g correlation was observed between wear rates and apparent interfacial tem ature, and the correlation was qualitatively explained by the energy bal between mechanical energy to break the fibers and thermal energy to l the samples. Attempts were also made to correlate viscoelastic propertie the composites with the wear rates by using the apparent interfacial tem atures.