Weak Parity Research Articles

Competitive Analysis of Globalization Software Industry Development Using Weighted Sum Method

Software development refers to a range of computer engineering tasks involved in creating, deploying, and sustaining software. Software consists of instructions or programming that computers follow. It is hardware independent and enables programmability. System software, such as operating systems and disk management utilities, handles essential operational tasks. Software developers provide coding tools like text editors, compilers, linkers, and debuggers to programmers. Applications, or apps, are software programs that assist users in carrying out tasks. Examples include office suites, data management tools, music players, and antivirus programs. Applications can also refer to web and mobile platforms used for communication on Facebook or making purchases on Amazon.com. Software engineers employ engineering concepts when creating systems and software to address issues. Rather than simply providing a solution for one instance or customer, they often utilize process models or other tools to solve problems in a more general manner. With the advancement of microprocessors, sensors, and software, products have become more intelligent, increasing their capabilities. Software engineering needs to be integrated with the electrical and mechanical development work of products because they rely on it to differentiate themselves in the market. The weights are systematically changed, yielding different best-fit results. Approximations are made based on the obtained solutions. Weights with values of 0 serve as non-specific anchor points, and the most useful responses can be generated if there is any weak parity. Please note that the weighting method is configured for optimization by the pioneers of the sum system. The Alternative are Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Greece, and India. Evaluation Preference is Project leader, business analyst, systems analyst, systems design, development programmer, support programmer, network analyst/designer, quality assurance specialist, database data analysis, metrics/process specialist, documentation/training staff, and test engineer. From the results, it can be seen that the development programmer is ranked first, while the quality assurance specialist has the lowest rank. The weighted sum method (WSM) demonstrates the value of the dataset for Software Industry Development, with the development programmer achieving the top ranking.

Tunable effective length of fractional Josephson junctions

Topological Josephson junctions (TJJs) have been a subject of widespread interest due to their hosting of Majorana zero modes. In long junctions, i.e. junctions where the junction length exceeds the superconducting coherence length, TJJs manifest themselves in specific features of the critical current (Beenakker 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 017003). Here we propose to couple the helical edge states mediating the TJJ to additional channels or quantum dots, by which the effective junction length can be increased by tunable parameters associated with these couplings, so that such measurements become possible even in short junctions. Besides effective low-energy models that we treat analytically, we investigate realizations by a Kane–Mele model with edge passivation and treat them numerically via tight binding models. In each case, we explicitly calculate the critical current using the Andreev bound state spectrum and show that it differs in effectively long junctions in the cases of strong and weak parity changing perturbations (quasiparticle poisoning).

A laser cooling scheme for precision measurements using fermionic barium monofluoride (137Ba19F) molecules

We theoretically investigate the laser cooling of fermionic barium monofluoride (137BaF) molecules, which are promising candidates for precision studies of weak parity violation and nuclear anapole moments. This molecular species features two nuclear spins, resulting in a hyperfine structure that is considerably more complicated than the one found in the usual laser-cooled diatomics. We use optical Bloch equations and rate equations to show that optical cycling, sub-Doppler cooling and bichromatic forces can all be realized under realistically achievable experimental conditions.

Flavor changing in the flipped trinification

The flipped trinification, a framework for unifying the 3-3-1 and left-right symmetries, has recently been proposed in order to solve profound questions, the weak parity violation and the number of families, besides the implication for neutrino mass generation and dark matter stability. In this work, we argue that this gauge-completion naturally provides flavor-changing neutral currents in both quark and lepton sectors. The quark flavor changing happens at the tree-level due to the nonuniversal couplings of $Z'_{L,R}$, while the lepton flavor changing $l\rightarrow l'\gamma$ starts from the one loop level contributed significantly by the new charged currents of $Y_{L,R}$, which couple ordinary to exotic leptons. These effects disappear in the minimal left-right model, but are present in the framework characterizing a flipped trinification symmetry.

On the Strength of Unambiguous Tree Automata

This work is a study of the class of non-deterministic automata on infinite trees that are unambiguous i.e. have at most one accepting run on every tree. The motivating question asks if the fact that an automaton is unambiguous implies some drop in the descriptive complexity of the language recognised by the automaton. As it turns out, such a drop occurs for the parity index and does not occur for the weak parity index.More precisely, given an unambiguous parity automaton [Formula: see text] of index [Formula: see text], we show how to construct an alternating automaton [Formula: see text] which accepts the same language, but is simpler in terms of the acceptance condition. In particular, if [Formula: see text] is a Büchi automaton ([Formula: see text]) then [Formula: see text] is a weak alternating automaton. In general, [Formula: see text] belongs to the class [Formula: see text], what implies that it is simultaneously of alternating index [Formula: see text] and of the dual index [Formula: see text]. The transformation algorithm is based on a separation procedure of Arnold and Santocanale (2005).In the case of non-deterministic automata with the weak parity condition, we provide a separation procedure analogous to the one used above. However, as illustrated by examples, this separation procedure cannot be used to prove a complexity drop in the weak case, as there is no such drop.

Symmetry-protected coherent relaxation of open quantum systems

We compute the effect of Markovian bulk dephasing noise on the staggered magnetization of the spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg chain, as the system evolves after a N\'eel quench. For sufficiently weak system-bath coupling, the unitary dynamics are found to be preserved up to a single exponential damping factor. This is a consequence of the interplay between $\mathbb{PT}$ symmetry and weak symmetries, which strengthens previous predictions for $\mathbb{PT}$-symmetric Liouvillian dynamics. Requirements are a non-degenerate $\mathbb{PT}$-symmetric generator of time evolution $\hat{\mathcal{L}}$, a weak parity symmetry and an observable that is anti-symmetric under this parity transformation. The spectrum of $\hat{\mathcal{L}}$ then splits up into symmetry sectors, yielding the same decay rate for all modes that contribute to the observable's time evolution. This phenomenon may be realized in trapped ion experiments and has possible implications for the control of decoherence in out-of-equilibrium many-body systems.

Weak Parities and Functorial Maps

We consider functorial maps and weak parities that are two equivalent descriptions of one object. Functorial maps allow one to transform knots and extend knot invariants with these transformations. We introduce maximal weak parity and calculate it for knots in a given closed oriented surface. The weak parity induce a projection from virtual knots onto classical ones.

Relativistic Coupled Cluster (RCC) Computation of the Electric Dipole Moment Enhancement Factor of Francium Due to the Violation of Time Reversal Symmetry

A relativistic many-body theory for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of paramagnetic atoms arising from the electric dipole moment of the electron is presented and implemented. The relativistic coupled-cluster method with single and double excitations (RCCSD) using the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian and a weak parity and time reversal violating interaction to the first-order of perturbation has been employed to obtain the EDM enhancement factor for the ground state of the Fr atom due to the intrinsic EDM of the electron. The trends of different correlation effects and the leading contributions from different physical states are discussed. Our results in combination with that of the Fr EDM experiment that is currently in progress possess the potential to probe the validity of the standard model (SM) of elementary particle physics.

Currency Regimes and Weak Interest Rate Parity

We consider the presence of regimes in currency markets and their implications for interest rate parity. A weak form of interest rate parity is postulated and tested which assumes that the hedged risk premiums are identical within each regime across currencies. Both the in-sample (January 2002 - December 2004) and the out-of-sample (January 2005 - December 2007) daily data support weak interest rate parity. Furthermore, using the Federal Exchange Rate Index as a proxy of the currency market portfolio and T-Bills as the risk free asset, we find strong evidence that the weak interest rate parity hypothesis is consistent with standard portfolio equilibrium theory. The similarity between the benchmark and the implied equilibrium portfolio provides strong evidence that regime switching with weak interest rate parity is appropriate for modeling currency returns.

Monotonic and Downward Closed Games

In an earlier work [Abdulla et al. (2000, Information and Computation, 160, 109–127)] we presented a general framework for verification of infinite-state transition systems, where the transition relation is monotonic with respect to a well quasi-ordering on the set of states. In this article, we investigate extending the framework from the context of transition systems to that of games with infinite state spaces. We show that monotonic games with safety winning conditions are in general undecidable. In particular, we show this negative results for games which are defined over Petri nets. We identify a subclass of monotonic games, called downward closed games. We provide algorithms for analysing downward closed games subject to safety winning conditions. We apply the algorithm to games played on lossy channel systems. Finally, we show that weak parity games are undecidable for the above classes of games.

A note on the parity assignment problem

Although the basic version of the linear assignment problem (AP) can be solved very efficiently, there are variants of this problem which are much harder, some being NP-complete or with undecided computational complexity. One of them is the parity AP, in which an optimal permutation of a prescribed parity is sought. A related variant is the weak parity AP, in which we only need to know whether the set of optimal permutations to the AP contains permutations of both parities. In this short note, we prove that both these problems are efficiently solvable for Monge matrices, as well as for diagonally dominant symmetric matrices. We also note that the parity bottleneck AP is polynomially solvable for any matrix.

Attacking the Bounds of Cognition

Recently internalists have mounted a counter-attack on the attempt to redefine the bounds of cognition. The counter-attack is aimed at a radical project which I call “cognitive integration,” which is the view that internal and external vehicles and processes are integrated into a whole. Cognitive integration can be defended against the internalist counter arguments of Adams and Aizawa (A&A) and Rupert. The disagreement between internalists and integrationists is whether the manipulation of external vehicles constitutes a cognitive process. Integrationists think that they do, typically for reasons to do with the close coordination and causal interplay between internal and external processes. The internalist criticisms of the manipulation thesis fail because they misconstrue the nature of manipulation, ignore the hybrid nature of cognition, and take the manipulation thesis to be dependent upon a weak parity principle.

A Topological Result on Strong Stabilization Problem

This note studies the robustness of nonstrong stabilizability. We consider single-input-single-output (SISO) continuous time linear systems under graph topology. A key contribution of this note is to show that there are two classes of nonstrongly stabilizable systems: One which contains plants that can be rendered strongly stabilizable by an arbitrary small perturbation, and the other which contains plants that are inherently nonstrongly stabilizable, even if perturbed. An easily implemented test referred to as weak parity interlacing property, is developed to check in which class a given model lies.

Asymmetry in n→+p→d+γ

Heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBChPT) is applied to the asymmetry $A_\gamma$ in $\vec{n} + p \to d + \gamma$ at threshold, which arises due to the weak parity non-conserving interactions. Instead of appealing to Siegert's theorem, transition operators up to next-to-leading chiral order are derived and the corresponding amplitudes are evaluated with the Argonne $v_{18}$ wavefunctions. In addition to the impulse contribution, both parity-conserving and parity-non-conserving two-body one-pion-exchange diagrams appear up to this order. Our prediction for the asymmetry is $A_\gamma = - 0.10 \hpiNN$, which is close to the Siegert's theorem based result, $A_\gamma \simeq -0.11 \hpiNN$. This illustrates that HBChPT is effective in the parity-non-conserving physics.

Enhancement of parity violating mixing in halo nuclei and the problem of neutron weak parity nonconserving potential constant

We consider the Parity Nonconserving (PNC) mixing in the ground state of exotic (halo) nuclei caused by the PNC weak interaction between outer neutron and nucleons within nuclear interior. For the nucleus $^{11}Be$ as an example of typical nucleus with neutron halo, we use analytical model for the external neutron wave functions to estimate the scale of the PNC mixing. The amplitude of the PNC mixing in halo state is found to be an order of magnitude bigger than that of typical PNC mixing between the ``normal'' nuclear states in nearby nuclei. The enhanced PNC mixing in halo cloud is proportional to the neutron weak PNC potential constant $g^W_n$ only.

Proposed new experimental case to investigate the weak parity nonconserving couplings in 20F.

A new experiment to investigate the isospin sensitivity of the parity nonconserving (PNC) interaction in light nuclei is proposed. The observable is the PNC asymmetry for the emitted gamma rays from the ${1}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$1 state in $^{20}\mathrm{F}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=0.983 MeV) partially polarized in the reaction $^{22}\mathrm{Ne}$(d\ensuremath{\rightarrow},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{3}$${)}^{20}$F, which is predicted in the range (2.4--5.8 )\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$. The structure parts of the components of the PNC matrix elements have been carefully calculated for the analysis of the experimental result in terms of the weak coupling constants. A new class of diagrams contributing to the PNC matrix elements has been included for the first time.

Weak nucleon–nucleon–meson couplings and nuclear parity violation

After many years of careful theoretical and experimental study of nuclear parity violation, rough empirical values for weak parity violating nucleon–nucleon–meson vertices have been deduced. We address some of the physics which has been learned from this effort and show that it has implications for work going on outside this field.

Parity violation effects of weak interactions on the origin of biomolecular chirality

The process through which the extremely weak parity violation interaction can become the selector of biomolecular chirality via beta-radiolysis over a timet=1500 y is proposed. The mechanism is discussed by using realistic values of the rate constants.

Chiral symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium chemical systems: Time scales for chiral selection

The process through which an extremely weak parity violating interaction, of energy Δ E, can become the selector of molecular chirality over a sufficiently long time is discussed. For a model system it is shown that Δ E ≈ 5 × 10 -15 kT can give a 90% selectivity in about 300 h - smaller Δ E being relevant to prebiotic evolution.

Parity nonconserving asymmetry in neutron-deuteron and proton-deuteron scattering

Parity nonconservation in nucleon ($N$)-deuteron$(d)$ scattering is examined at low energies (\ensuremath{\le}40 MeV), particularly at 15 MeV. A Faddeev treatment is employed. For the strong $N$- force a separable interaction, which fits scattering cross sections up to 60-100 MeV, is used; for the weak parity nonconserving $\mathrm{NN}$ force, an isoscalar short range term due to $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ exchanges and an isovector pion exchange contribution are included. Comparisons with parity nonconserving experimental asymmetries in $\mathrm{NN}$ scattering are made. For the parity nonconserving asymmetry in $N\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering the contributions of various terms are separated, so that the model dependence of our results can be discussed. It is found that multiple scattering effects are important. The energy dependence of the parity nonconserving asymmetry in $N\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering is found to differ qualitatively from that in $\mathrm{NN}$ scattering.