Weak Network Research Articles

Strong Replaces Weak: ​Hydrogen Bond‐Anchored Electrolyte Enabling Ultra‐Stable and Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Capacitors

Despite aqueous electrolytes offer a great opportunity for large‐scale energy storage owing to their safety and cost‐effectiveness, their practical application suffers from the parasitic side reactions and poor temperature adaptability stemming from weak hydrogen‐bond (HB) network in free water. Here, we propose the guiding thought “strong replaces weak” to design hydrogen bond‐anchored electrolyte by introducing sulfolane (SL) for disrupting the regular weak HB network and contributing to superior temperature tolerance. Judiciously combined experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that SL can remodel the primary solvation shell of metal ions, customize stable electrode interface chemistry and restrain the side reactions. Consequently, symmetric supercapacitor constructed by activated carbon (AC) electrodes is able to fully work within a voltage range of 2.4 V and reach high capacitance retention of 89.8% after 60000 cycles. Additionally, Zn anodes exhibit ultra‐stable Zn plating/stripping behaviors and a wide temperature range (‐20 ~ 60 °C), and zinc‐ion capacitor (Zn//AC) also delivers an excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 99.7% after 55000 cycles, implying that the designed electrolyte has practical application potential in extreme environments. This work proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of ultra‐stable and wide‐temperature aqueous energy storage devices.

Strong Replaces Weak: ​Hydrogen Bond-Anchored Electrolyte Enabling Ultra-Stable and Wide-Temperature Aqueous Zinc-Ion Capacitors.

Despite aqueous electrolytes offer a great opportunity for large-scale energy storage owing to their safety and cost-effectiveness, their practical application suffers from the parasitic side reactions and poor temperature adaptability stemming from weak hydrogen-bond (HB) network in free water. Here, we propose the guiding thought "strong replaces weak" to design hydrogen bond-anchored electrolyte by introducing sulfolane (SL) for disrupting the regular weak HB network and contributing to superior temperature tolerance. Judiciously combined experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that SL can remodel the primary solvation shell of metal ions, customize stable electrode interface chemistry and restrain the side reactions. Consequently, symmetric supercapacitor constructed by activated carbon (AC) electrodes is able to fully work within a voltage range of 2.4 V and reach high capacitance retention of 89.8% after 60000 cycles. Additionally, Zn anodes exhibit ultra-stable Zn plating/stripping behaviors and a wide temperature range (-20 ~ 60 °C), and zinc-ion capacitor (Zn//AC) also delivers an excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 99.7% after 55000 cycles, implying that the designed electrolyte has practical application potential in extreme environments. This work proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of ultra-stable and wide-temperature aqueous energy storage devices.

Development of kiwi fruit leather incorporated with hydrocolloids and betacyanin microcapsules: Rheological behaviour and release kinetics of betacyanin

The kiwi fruit leather incorporated with betacyanin microcapsules was prepared using three hydrocolloids namely xanthan gum, gellan gum, and guar gum. The four-kiwi fruit puree prepared for the study were kiwi fruit puree without hydrocolloid (CP), with xanthan gum (XE), with gellan gum (EP), and with guar gum (UP). The influence of various hydrocolloids and temperatures on rheological properties of kiwi fruit puree was investigated using the Cross, Carreau, and modified Powell model. The apparent viscosity was decreased with increase in shear rate and rise of temperature. The incorporation of hydrocolloid also increased viscosity of prepared puree. Cross model (R2>0.989) found to fit the apparent viscosity with respect to shear rate. The flow behaviour index of four kiwi fruit puree samples was found to be less than one depicting pseudoplastic fluid with shear thinning behaviour. For dynamic rheology study in the frequency range of 1–60 rad/s, the storage modulus was higher than loss modulus at specific frequency that implies, elastic properties of puree were dominant over the viscous ones suggesting the weak gel-like network of kiwi fruit puree. The glass transition temperature of prepared kiwi fruit leathers ranged from 59-64°C. The in vitro betacyanin release from the leather sample was studied and Peppas-Sahlin model was observed to be one of the ideal model when compared with the other kinetic models. The development of kiwi fruit leather with hydrocolloids and betacyanin microcapsules represented a successful strategy to create a functional snack that combines health benefits with consumer-desirable sensory attributes.

Donepezil hydrochloride fingerprint spectral and formation mechanism analysis.

Donepezil hydrochloride is a widely used medication for treating Alzheimer's disease. This study utilized terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to analyze the fingerprint spectra of donepezil hydrochloride, identifying five characteristic absorption peaks at 1.65, 2.44, 2.56, 3.31, and 3.75THz. The vibrational spectrum of the donepezil hydrochloride crystal was further examined using solid-state density functional theory. Based on simulation calculations, the characteristic peaks were identified and analyzed in detail, focusing on long-range ordering and weak interaction networks. The results demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is an effective tool for studying intermolecular interactions in drug crystals.

Improving implementation of health interventions among ECEC organisations: a social network analysis

Abstract The environment wherein a child grows up determines many health and life outcomes of the child. The early childhood education and care (ECEC) is an important setting for children which offers possibilities for health promotion activities. A learning network with professionals from ECEC organisations in South-Limburg, the Netherlands is established, aimed at sharing health promotion ‘best practices’. This study examined the network structure of the learning network and of ECEC locations regarding health topics such as nutrition, physical activity and sun protection. A mixed-methods design was adopted. An online-questionnaire was used to examine the relationships of the members of the learning network (N = 6) and ECEC locations (N = 59) between these organisations and with organisations related to the health topics. Data was analysed and visualised using a social network analysis (SNA) in UCINET. Thereafter, semi-structured interviews were held with the members of the learning network (N = 6), to discuss the network structure and possible improvements of the network. The SNA showed a weak network structure for the learning network and ECEC locations. Connections were mostly related to organisations in the field of nutrition and physical activity. This implied that health interventions related to sun protection and green environments were not implemented to the same extent as nutrition and physical activity. The interviews provided insight into the underlying reasons for (the lack of) certain connections. Overall, the members were satisfied with the quality and quantity of their current collaborations. The SNA and interviews indicated that the collaboration between ECEC organisations and organisations related to other health topics like green environment or sun protection could be improved. Therefore, it is recommended that ECEC organisations should engage in collaborations with organisations in these domains.

Weak saliency ensemble network for person Re-identification using infrared light images

In recent years, person re-identification (re-id) has primarily been studied using visible light (VL) images. However, the challenges of employing VL images in nighttime environments have prompted research into using infrared light (IR) images. Yet, the utilization of both VL and IR images in person re-id has resulted in increased computational cost and processing time in multi-modality systems, leading to studies focusing solely on IR images. Nevertheless, IR images, lacking color and texture information, generally yield lower recognition performance in existing person re-id studies. In addition, previous studies have shown that person re-id performance suffers in the presence of complex background noise. To tackle these challenges, this study proposes a new weak saliency ensemble network (WSE-Net) for person re-id using IR images. WSE-Net incorporates a channel reduction of feature (CRF) method to reduce computational cost in the ensemble network, a technique for converting input images into group of patch images and feeding them into the ensemble model to enhance the reduced feature information, and a grouped convolution ensemble network (GCE-Net) that enables the fusion of features extracted from original and attention-guided ensemble models.The performance of person re-id using WSE-Net was evaluated on the Dongguk body-based person recognition database version 1 (DBPerson-Recog-DB1) and the Sun Yat-sen university multiple modality re-identification version 1 (SYSU-MM01). Experimental results demonstrated that on DBPerson-Recog-DB1, WSE-Net achieved 93.65% in rank 1, 95.28% in mean average precision (mAP), and 93.52% in the harmonic mean of precision and recall. Additionally, on SYSU-MM01, WSE-Net achieved 86.85% in rank 1, 44.58% in mAP, and 40.06% in the harmonic mean of precision and recall. Furthermore, the accuracy of WSE-Net on both datasets surpassed that of state-of-the-art methods.

Durum wheat oil oleogels: A study on rheological, thermal, and microstructural properties

Durum wheat oil (WO) is a by-product obtained during wheat milling process characterized by higher amount of bioactive compounds. In recent years, oleogelification, a novel technique to structure oils was developed to replace saturated and trans fats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of WO to obtain stable oleogels using two natural waxes (beeswax BW and carnauba wax CW) at different ratio (4, 7 and 8 %, w/w) respect to sunflower oil (SO) used as control. Oleogels were analyzed for fundamental rheological properties, microstructure and oil loss. Results showed as a concentration below 7 %, weak networks were observed for all samples because the predominance of viscous moduli (G’’) over elastic ones (G’) and high oil loss. Nevertheless at 8 % of waxes, stability in terms of all analyzed parameters was highlighted for all samples (WO_BW showed the lowest). Moreover, WO samples with 7 % and 8 % of CW displayed very high stability in terms of all considered parameters, also at high temperatures, showing strong networks and reaching the optimum solid-like gel without significant differences respect to SO one. Obtained results highlighted the WO ability to be employed, as alternative to SO to develop oleogels with optimal performances and stability.

Weak Edge Target Segmentation Network Based on Dual Attention Mechanism

Segmentation of weak edge targets such as glass and plastic poses a challenge in the field of target segmentation. The detection process is susceptible to background interference and various external factors due to the transparent nature of these materials. To address this issue, this paper introduces a segmentation network for weak edge target objects (WETS-Net). To effectively extract edge information of such objects and eliminate redundant information during feature extraction, a dual-attention mechanism is employed, including the Edge Attention Extraction Module (EAEM) and the Multi-Scale Information Fusion Module (MIFM). Specifically, the EAEM combines improved edge feature extraction kernels to selectively enhance the importance of edge features, aiding in more precise target region extraction. The MIFM utilizes spatial attention mechanisms to fuse multi-scale features, reducing background and external interference. These innovations enhance the performance of WETS-Net, offering a new direction for weak edge target segmentation research. Finally, through ablation experiments, the effectiveness of each module is effectively validated. Moreover, the proposed algorithm achieves an average detection accuracy of 95.83% and 96.13% on the dataset and a self-made dataset, respectively, outperforming similar U-Net-improved networks.

Exploiting the determinant factors on the available flexibility area of ADNs at TSO‐DSO interface

AbstractActive distribution networks (ADNs) are consistently being developed as a result of increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy transition from fossil‐fuel‐based to zero carbon era. This penetration poses technical challenges for the operation of both transmission and distribution networks. The determination of the active/reactive power capability of ADNs will provide useful information at the transmission and distribution systems interface. For instance, the transmission system operator (TSO) can benefit from reactive power and reserve services which are readily available by the DERs embedded within the downstream ADNs, which are managed by the distribution system operator (DSO). This article investigates the important factors affecting the active/reactive power flexibility area of ADNs such as the joint active and reactive power dispatch of DERs, dependency of the ADN's load to voltage, parallel distribution networks, and upstream network parameters. A two‐step optimization model is developed which can capture the P/Q flexibility area, by considering the above factors and grid technical constraints such as its detailed power flow model. The numerical results from the IEEE 69‐bus standard distribution feeder underscore the critical importance of considering various factors to characterize the ADN's P/Q flexibility area. Ignoring these factors can significantly impact the shape and size of Active Distribution Networks (ADN) P/Q flexibility maps. Specifically, the Constant Power load model exhibits the smallest flexibility area; connecting to a weak upstream network diminishes P/Q flexibility, and reactive power redispatch improves active power flexibility margins. Furthermore, the collaborative support of reactive power from a neighboring distribution feeder, connected in parallel with the studied ADN, expands the achievable P/Q flexibility. These observations highlight the significance of accurately characterizing transmission and distribution network parameters. Such precision is fundamental for ensuring a smooth energy transition and successful integration of hybrid renewable energy technologies into ADNs.

Effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the emulsion stability and rheological properties of microalgal Pickering emulsions

This study investigates the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to Pickering emulsions prepared with microalgal particles (Spirulina sp. (SPI), Chlorella sp. HS2 (CLO)). The microalgae particles show a weak interfacial localization and Pickering behavior on the O/W emulsion depending on the size (avg. drop size ∼5.39 μm with SPI and 22.15 μm with CLO), resulting in a different stabilization effect. When CNC is additionally mixed with the Pickering emulsions including large microalgae particles (CLO), CNC replaces microalgae particles and localizes at the interface, enhancing strong emulsion stabilization. For the Pickering emulsions including small microalgae (SPI), CNC localizes at the continuous phase, forming a network structure regardless of the concentration. This interfacial localization behavior of CNC against microalgae particles is reflected in the rheological behavior of the Pickering emulsion. Depending on the location of CNC, the emulsions exhibit the two-step yielding behavior, mainly attributed to the CNC network in the continuous phase. The complex role of particles in the emulsion system is more sensitively reflected in the large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) region, characterized using the sequence of physical process (SPP) rheological analysis. The maximum elasticity (Emax) in SPP analysis, which indicates the recovery of the deformed structure, exhibits a significant difference, discriminating structural characteristics of CNC dispersion incorporated with microalgae particles. Emulsion with CLO-CNC has lower Emax than the SPI-CNC case because CNC particles disperse at the interface and the continuous phase. Then the distance between CNC particles is longer, resulting in a weak network structure throughout the emulsion. Due to a weak network of CNC, the emulsion is more vulnerable to coalescence compared to the SPI-CNC system. Therefore, this study suggests that CNC particles added to the Pickering emulsion with microalgae compete to localize at the interface and give coalescence suppression effects to the emulsion. Also, for the Pickering emulsion system composed of multi-particles, rheological analysis including SPP analysis successfully indicates structural characteristics and flow-induced stabilization of Pickering emulsions with multi-particles that microscopic characterization could not detect.

Hydrogen Bond Network Shaping Proton Penetration Behavior across Two-Dimensional Nanoporous Materials.

In this study, we investigate aqueous proton penetration behavior across four types of two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous materials with similar pore sizes using extensive ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal significant differences in proton penetration energy barriers among the four kinds of 2D materials, despite their comparable pore sizes. Our analysis indicates that these variations in energy barriers stem from differences in the hydrogen bond (HB) network formed between the 2D nanoporous materials and the aqueous environment. The HB network can be classified into two categories: those formed between the surface of the 2D nanoporous materials and the aqueous environment, and those formed between the edge atoms of the nanopores and the water molecules inside the pores. A strong HB network formed between the surface of the 2D nanoporous materials and the aqueous environment induces an orientational preference of water molecules, resulting in an aggregated water layer with high density. This high-density water region traps protons, making it difficult for them to escape and penetrate the nanopores. On the other hand, a strong HB network formed between the edge atoms of the nanopores and the water molecules inside the pores impedes the rotation and migration of water molecules, further inhibiting proton penetration behavior. To facilitate the proton penetration process, in addition to a sufficiently large pore size, a weak HB network between the 2D nanoporous material and the aqueous environment is necessary.

Active bio-nanocomposites from litchi seed starch, tamarind kernel xyloglucan, and lignin nanoparticles to improve the shelf-life of banana (Musa acuminata)

Valorization of agricultural byproducts to biodegradable packaging films aids in reducing plastic dependency and addressing plastic perils. Herein, starch (LSS) from litchi seeds and xyloglucan (XG) from tamarind kernels were recovered, and composite films were developed. The XG addition strengthened the weak polymer networks of LSS and improved rheological, molecular, morphological, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties. The incorporation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) into the LSS-XG network further increased the tensile strength (14.83 MPa), elastic modulus (0.41 GPa), and reduced surface wettability (80.07°), and water vapor permeability (5.63 ± 0.38 × 10−7 g m−1s−1Pa−1). The phenolic hydroxyls of LNPs imparted strong UV-shielding and free radical scavenging abilities to films. These attributes aided in preserving the quality of coated banana fruits with minimal weight loss and color change. Overall, this research highlights the potential transformation of underutilized abundant byproducts into sustainable active bio-nanocomposites for food packaging and shelf-life extension of fruits.

Two decades of women’s underrepresentation in public service leadership: the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

ABSTRACT During the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2001–2021), the expected representation of Afghan women in leadership and executive roles was not achieved. This study examines factors contributing to this glass ceiling effect. Our research involved 317 participants, comprising 302 civil service professionals and 15 civil society activists. Employing a mixed-methods approach, thematic analysis was conducted for the qualitative data. For the quantitative data, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were utilized to characterize the data, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to explore differences in responses across key demographic and professional categories. We found that several glass ceiling perceptions, specifically ‘Cultural Barrier Factors’ including entrenched patriarchal norms and familial challenges; ‘Individual Factors’ such as work-family conflict (WFC); ‘Work-Environment Factors’ like nepotism and the absence of merit-based systems; and ‘Interpersonal Relationships’ including weak support networks and the existence of ‘Queen Bee Syndrome’, impeded the advancement of Afghan women in leadership roles.

S14-1: EUPAP Feasibility Study. Practice transfer of a HEPA prescription model to other nine EU countries. From theory to practice

Abstract Purpose The Swedish Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP-S) method was to be transferred to other European regions through the EUPAP Project, innovative for implementing a reliable method to other nine countries. Implementation practices are strongly context-dependent; therefore, the practice transfer requires a flexible approach. PAP-S results over 20 years have reported success to a variety of populations. It addresses physically inactive individuals and/or with chronic conditions to improve their health by increasing their physical activity (PA) levels. The PAP-S five core components are: individualised patient-centred counselling, evidence-based PA recommendation, written prescription, community support, and follow-up. The goal was to know the context regarding PA prescription and ease the transfer from the Swedish context, specifically to: a) setting relevant PAP-S indicators for planning and monitoring, b) creating guidelines for data collection, c) providing an overview of the situation in each region, and d) assessing for readiness to implement the model. Project description Modified Hybrid e-Delphi process by representative from 10 countries. First, commitment from organisations to assume costs for the implementation. Second, description of variables and procedures for data collection. Data comprised two dimensions (ie, macro level (early diagnosis) and micro level (preparedness for implementation)). Third, data collection. Fourth, data analysis and discussion. Thirty-five experts participated in the EUPAP Feasibility Study. Guidelines for data collection includes indicators on macro level: a) EUPAP-relevant policy documents, b) profiles of prescribers and allied professionals, c) programmes, materials and training on HEPA, d) regulations, e) budget; and micro level: a) stakeholders, b) settings, c) agents, d) end-users. Country-specific results were collected, compared and discussed in relation to the core components of PAP-S (findings are accessible on www.eupap.org). Project partners disseminated the results among region-specific stakeholders. Conclusions Data showed regions with solid background to launch the EUPAP implementation (Flanders, Catalonia, Portugal) and others with less existing materials or weak network (Malta, Romania, Germany). Policy-makers, local health services and communities may better set short- mid- and long-term goals for the PAP-S transfer. Further design on practices and policies may use the Feasibility Study Guidelines for setting specific procedures. Funding Co-funded by the European Union’s Health Programme (2014-2020).

Instability of binary mixtures subjected to constant shear drained stress path: Insight from macro and micro perspective

AbstractLoose granular materials may also exhibit instability behaviors similar to liquefaction under drained conditions, commonly referred to as diffuse instability, which can be studied through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. So far, the research on CSD in binary mixtures is still insufficient. Therefore, a series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted on binary mixtures under CSD path. The possible model of instability is categorized into type I and type II, type I instability occurs prior to reaching the critical state line (CSL), whereas type II instability occurs after exceeding the CSL. The study analyzes the macroscopic instability behavior and the impact of fine content (FC) on macroscopic instability behavior. The numerical results show that as FC increases, the slope of the instability line (IL) increases initially and then falls in the p‐q plane. In the e‐p plane, the IL decreases initially and then ascends. The instability type of the binary mixtures is influenced not only by relative density but also by FC. The stability index increased first and then decreased with the increase of FC. The microscopic origin of binary mixtures instability is explored by investigating the fabric‐stress relationship. The collapse of the weak contact sub‐network triggers the specimen instability, while the strong contact sub‐network dictates the difficulty of achieving instability. FC influences the evolution of fabric anisotropy of the strong and weak contact networks, thereby controlling the macroscopic instability behavior of binary mixtures.

Fractional weak adversarial networks for the stationary fractional advection dispersion equations

Fractional weak adversarial networks for the stationary fractional advection dispersion equations

Mixed methods on adverse childhood experiences predicting transitional and recurrent homelessness.

Research has associated lack of parental care, physical abuse, and parental substance abuse to homelessness, with the presence of two or more such factors dramatically increasing one's chances of becoming homeless as an adult. Less clear is which (cumulation of) factors may mediate the difference between transitional and recurrent homelessness. Quantitative analysis of four risk factors-addiction, weak social network, criminal activity, psychopathology-among 69 transitionally and recurrently homeless (RH) adults, followed by in-depth qualitative analysis of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among 30 selected participants. RH participants had higher cumulative risk and a higher prevalence and broader range of ACEs than transitionally homeless participants, with the prevalence of childhood physical abuse marking the greatest difference between the two groups. Recurrent homelessness was also correlated with addiction to hard drugs, criminal activity, and weak social networks. Longitudinal and intervention studies in larger groups are needed to assess causality.

Two multi-functional luminescent complexes for selective and sensitive detection of metal ions and antibiotics

Complexes have enormous potential in many fields such as fluorescence sensing due to their structural adjustability and designability. Herein, two novel complexes, namely, {[Zn(HPA)(LBTX)].H2O}n (1) and {[Cd(HPA)(LBTX)].H2O}n (2) (LBTX = 4,4′-bis (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) methyl-1,1′-biphenyl, H2HPA = Homophthalic) were produced using solvothermal method. Zn2+ ions are connected with carboxyl groups of H2HPA to form an infinitely extended 1D chain, which is further connected by the LBTX ligand to form a 2D network structure. There are weak hydrogen bond networks in the structure of complex 1, which are accumulated 3D structures. Complex 2 and Complex 1 have similar properties in structure. Both the two luminescent complexes exhibit varying degrees of recognition for Cr2O72− / CrO42− and Fe3+, as well as ODZ / NFZ antibiotics. In the presence of various interfering substances such as antibiotics and metal ions, it exhibits good sensitivity and high selectivity towards the substrates. In addition, the fitting curve intuitively shows the selective detection effect of two complexes on CrO42− / Cr2O72− / Fe3+, ODZ / NFZ. This work provides a reference for exploring the potential applications of luminescent complexes in the field of chemical sensing.

Impact of a Mg2+ emulsion coagulant on tofu's gel characteristics

In the industrial production of tofu, controlling the coagulation rate is crucial. A controlled-release Mg2+-loaded water-in-oil emulsion coagulant was employed in tofu manufacturing, and its effects on the physical properties and gel behavior of tofu were studied. Compared with MgCl2, the emulsion coagulant could extend the initial coagulation time of soybean protein from 3 s to about 30 s due to its sustained release effect on Mg2+, which significantly decelerated the tofu gelation rate. In addition, different Mg2+ release rates significantly influenced the physical properties of the final tofu gel. At an appropriate Mg2+ release rate (at 7000 r min−1), it promoted the formation of a uniform and denser gel network, increased protein β-sheet structures, and benefited tofu in terms of moisture retention, yield, color, springiness, and appearance quality improvement. However, under low Mg2+ release rate, the emulsion coagulant weakened the disulfide bond and hydrophobic action, resulting in a weaker network. It also enhanced the moisture mobility in the tofu gel, with a dehydration rate of up to 17.72%. Similarly, too fast Mg2+ release rate also resulted in uneven networks with voids, leading to reduced moisture retention, yield, and color quality of tofu. These findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production of tofu.

Imaging and anesthesia protocol optimization in sedated clinical resting state fMRI.

The quality of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) under anesthesia is variable and there are no guidelines on optimal image acquisition or anesthesia protocol. We aim to identify the factors that may lead to compromised clinical rs-fMRI under anesthesia. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical rs-fMRI data acquired under anesthesia from 2009-2023 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Independent component analysis driven resting state networks (RSN) of each patient were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively and grouped as robust or weak. Overall networks were evaluated using the qualitative method, and motor and language networks were evaluated using the quantitative method. RSN robustness was analyzed in 4 outcome categories: overall, combined Motor-Language, individual motor, and language networks. Predictor variables included rs-fMRI acquisition parameters, anesthesia medications, underlying brain structural abnormalities, age, and sex. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of the study variables on RSN robustness. Sixty-nine patients were identified. With qualitative assessment, 40 had robust and 29 had weak overall RSN. Quantitatively, 45 patients had robust, while 24 had weak Motor-Language networks. Among all the predictor variables, only sevoflurane significantly contributed to the outcomes, with sevoflurane administration reducing the odds of having robust RSN in overall (Odds Radio (OR)= 0.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = [0.05;0.79], p = .02), Motor-Language (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = [0.04;0.80], p = .02) and individual motor (OR= 0.1, 95% CI = [0.02;0.64], p= .02) categories. Individual language network robustness was not associated with the tested predictor variables. Sevoflurane anesthesia may compromise the visibility of fMRI resting state networks, particularly impacting motor networks. This finding suggests that the type of anesthesia is a critical factor in rs-fMRI quality. We did not observe the association of the MR acquisition technique or underlying structural abnormality with the RSN robustness. BOLD = Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent; ICA = Independent Component Analysis; Rs-fMRI = Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; RSN = Resting-State Networks; SNR = Signal-to-Noise Ratio.