Weak Multiplier Hopf Algebras Research Articles

An algebraic framework for the Drinfeld double based on infinite groupoids

In this paper we mainly consider the notion of Drinfeld double for two weak multiplier Hopf (⁎-)algebras which are paired with each other. Then we show that the Drinfeld double is again a weak multiplier Hopf (⁎-)algebra. Furthermore, we study integrals on the Drinfeld double. Finally, we establish the correspondence between modules over a Drinfeld double D(A) and Yetter-Drinfeld modules over a weak algebraic quantum group A.

Partial ⁎-algebraic quantum groups and Drinfeld doubles of partial compact quantum groups

We introduce a notion of partial algebraic quantum group. This is an important special case of a weak multiplier Hopf algebra with integrals, as introduced in the work of Van Daele and Wang. At the same time, it generalizes the notion of partial compact quantum group as introduced by De Commer and Timmermann. As an application, we show that the Drinfeld double of a partial compact quantum group can be defined as a partial ⁎-algebraic quantum group.

Pairing and duality of algebraic quantum groupoids

Algebraic quantum groupoids have been developed by two of the authors of this note (AVD and SHW) in a series of papers [A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras. Preliminaries, motivation and basic examples, Banach Center Publ. 98 (2012) 367–415; A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras I. The main theory, J. Reine Angew. Math. 705 (2015) 155–209; A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras II. The source and target algebras, preprint (2014), arXiv: 1403.7906v2 [math.RA]; A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras III. Integrals and duality, preprint (2017), arXiv: 1701.04951 [math.RA]], see also [A. Van Daele, Algebraic quantum groupoids. An example, preprint (2017), arXiv: 1702.04903 [math.RA]]. By an algebraic quantum groupoid, we understand a regular weak multiplier Hopf algebra with enough integrals. Regular multiplier Hopf algebroids are obtained also by two authors of this note (TT and AVD) in [T. Timmermann and A. Van Daele, Regular multiplier Hopf algebroids. Basic theory and examples, Commun. Algebra 46 (2017) 1926–1958]. Integral theory and duality for those have been studied by one author here (TT) in [T. Timmermann, Integration on algebraic quantum groupoids, Int. J. Math. 27 (2016) 1650014, arXiv: 1507.00660 [QA]; T. Timmermann, On duality of algebraic quantum groupoids, Adv. Math. 309 (2017) 692–746, arXiv: 1605.06384 [math.QA]]. In these papers, the term algebraic quantum groupoid is used for a regular multiplier Hopf algebroid with a single faithful integral. Finally, again two authors of us (TT and AVD) have investigated the relation between weak multiplier Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebroids in [T. Timmermann and A. Van Daele, Multiplier Hopf algebroids arising from weak multiplier Hopf algebras, Banach Center Publ. 106 (2015) 73–110]. In the paper, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras III. Integrals and duality [A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras III. Integrals and duality, preprint (2017), arXiv: 1701.04951 [math.RA]], one of the main results is that the dual of an algebraic quantum groupoid, admits a dual of the same type. In the paper, On duality of algebraic quantum groupoids [T. Timmermann, On duality of algebraic quantum groupoids, Adv. Math. 309 (2017) 692–746, arXiv: 1605.06384 [math.QA]], a result of the same nature is obtained for regular multiplier Hopf algebroids with a single faithful integral. The duality of regular weak multiplier Hopf algebras with a single integral can be obtained from the duality of regular multiplier Hopf algebroids (see [T. Timmermann, On duality of algebraic quantum groupoids, Adv. Math. 309 (2017) 692–746, arXiv: 1605.06384 [math.QA]]). That is however not the obvious way to obtain this result. It is more difficult and less natural than the direct way followed in [A. Van Daele and S. Wang, Weak multiplier Hopf algebras III. Integrals and duality, preprint (2017), arXiv: 1701.04951 [math.RA]]. We will discuss this statement further in the paper. Nevertheless, it is interesting to investigate the relation between the two approaches to duality in greater detail. This is what we do in this paper. We build further on the intimate relation between weak multiplier Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebroids as studied in [T. Timmermann and A. Van Daele, Multiplier Hopf algebroids arising from weak multiplier Hopf algebras, Banach Center Publ. 106 (2015) 73–110]. We now add the presence of integrals. That seems to be done best in a framework of dual pairs. It is in fact more general than the duality of these objects coming with integrals. We are convinced that the material we present in this paper will provide a deeper understanding of the duality of algebraic quantum groupoids, both within the framework of weak multiplier Hopf algebras, as well as more generally for multiplier Hopf algebroids. Finally, we feel it is also appropriate to include some historical comments on the development of these duality theories.

Weak Multiplier Hopf Algebras II: Source and Target Algebras

Let (A,Δ) be a weak multiplier Hopf algebra. It is a pair of a non-degenerate algebra A, with or without identity, and a coproduct Δ:A⟶M(A⊗A), satisfying certain properties. In this paper, we continue the study of these objects and construct new examples. A symmetric pair of the source and target maps εs and εt are studied, and their symmetric pair of images, the source algebra and the target algebra εs(A) and εt(A), are also investigated. We show that the canonical idempotent E (which is eventually Δ(1)) belongs to the multiplier algebra M(B⊗C), where (B=εs(A), C=εt(A)) is the symmetric pair of source algebra and target algebra, and also that E is a separability idempotent (as studied). If the weak multiplier Hopf algebra is regular, then also E is a regular separability idempotent. We also see how, for any weak multiplier Hopf algebra (A,Δ), it is possible to make C⊗B (with B and C as above) into a new weak multiplier Hopf algebra. In a sense, it forgets the ’Hopf algebra part’ of the original weak multiplier Hopf algebra and only remembers symmetric pair of the source and target algebras. It is in turn generalized to the case of any symmetric pair of non-degenerate algebras B and C with a separability idempotent E∈M(B⊗C). We get another example using this theory associated to any discrete quantum group. Finally, we also consider the well-known ’quantization’ of the groupoid that comes from an action of a group on a set. All these constructions provide interesting new examples of weak multiplier Hopf algebras (that are not weak Hopf algebras introduced).

A class of C⁎-algebraic locally compact quantum groupoids Part II. Main theory

This is Part II in our multi-part series of papers developing the theory of a subclass of locally compact quantum groupoids (quantum groupoids of separable type), based on the purely algebraic notion of weak multiplier Hopf algebras. The definition was given in Part I. The existence of a certain canonical idempotent element E plays a central role. In this Part II, we develop the main theory, discussing the structure of our quantum groupoids. We will construct from the defining axioms the right/left regular representations and the antipode map.

A class of C∗-algebraic locally compact quantum groupoids part I. Motivation and definition

In this series of papers, we develop the theory of a class of locally compact quantum groupoids, which is motivated by the purely algebraic notion of weak multiplier Hopf algebras. In this Part I, we provide motivation and formulate the definition in the [Formula: see text]-algebra framework. Existence of a certain canonical idempotent element is required and it plays a fundamental role, including the establishment of the coassociativity of the comultiplication. This class contains locally compact quantum groups as a subclass.

Semidirect products of weak multiplier Hopf algebras: Smash products and smash coproducts

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we will develop the smash product of weak multiplier Hopf algebras unifying the cases of Hopf algebras, weak Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebras. We will show that the smash product R#A has a regular weak multiplier Hopf algebra structure if R and A are regular weak multiplier Hopf algebras. We shall investigate integrals on R#A. We also consider the result in the ∗-situation and new examples. Dually, we consider the smash coproduct of weak multiplier Hopf algebras under an appropriate form and integrals on the smash coproduct and we obtain results in the ∗-situation.

The Larson–Sweedler theorem for weak multiplier Hopf algebras

ABSTRACTThe Larson–Sweedler theorem says that a finite-dimensional bialgebra with a faithful integral is a Hopf algebra [15]. The result has been generalized to finite-dimensional weak Hopf algebras by Vecsernyés [44]. In this paper, we show that the result is still true for weak multiplier Hopf algebras. The notion of a weak multiplier bialgebra was introduced by Böhm et al. in [4]. In this note it is shown that a weak multiplier bialgebra with a regular and full coproduct is a regular weak multiplier Hopf algebra if there is a faithful set of integrals. Weak multiplier Hopf algebras are introduced and studied in [40]. Integrals on (regular) weak multiplier Hopf algebras are treated in [43]. This result is important for the development of the theory of locally compact quantum groupoids in the operator algebra setting, see [13] and [14]. Our treatment of this material is motivated by the prospect of such a theory.

A duality theorem for weak multiplier Hopf algebra actions

The main purpose of this paper is to unify the theory of actions of Hopf algebras, weak Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebras to one of actions of weak multiplier Hopf algebras introduced by Van Daele and Wang. Using such developed actions, we will define the notion of a module algebra over weak multiplier Hopf algebras and construct their smash products. The main result is the duality theorem for actions and their dual actions on the smash product of weak multiplier Hopf algebras. As an application, we recover the main results found in the literature for weak Hopf algebras, multiplier Hopf algebras and groupoids.

On duality of algebraic quantum groupoids

Like quantum groups, quantum groupoids frequently appear in pairs of mutually dual objects. We develop a general Pontrjagin duality theory for quantum groupoids in the algebraic setting that extends Van Daele's duality theory for multiplier Hopf algebras and overcomes the finiteness restrictions of the approach of Kadison, Szlachányi, Böhm and Schauenburg. Our construction is based on the integration theory for multiplier Hopf algebroids and yields, as a corollary, a duality theory for weak multiplier Hopf algebras with integrals. We compute the duals in several examples and introduce morphisms of multiplier Hopf algebroids to succinctly describe their structure. Moreover, we show that such morphisms preserve the antipode.

Yetter-Drinfeld modules over weak multiplier bialgebras

We continue the study of the representation theory of a regular weak multiplier bialgebra with full comultiplication, started in [4, 2]. Yetter-Drinfeld modules are defined as modules and comodules, with compatibility conditions that are equivalent to a canonical object being (weakly) central in the category of modules, and equivalent also to another canonical object being (weakly) central in the category of comodules. Yetter-Drinfeld modules are shown to constitute a monoidal category via the (co)module tensor product over the base (co)algebra. Finite-dimensional Yetter-Drinfeld modules over a regular weak multiplier Hopf algebra with full comultiplication are shown to possess duals in this monoidal category.

Partial compact quantum groups

Compact quantum groups of face type, as introduced by Hayashi, form a class of quantum groupoids with a classical, finite set of objects. Using the notions of weak multiplier bialgebras and weak multiplier Hopf algebras (resp. due to Böhm–Gómez-Torrecillas–López-Centella and Van Daele–Wang), we generalize Hayashi's definition to allow for an infinite set of objects, and call the resulting objects partial compact quantum groups. We prove a Tannaka–Kreĭn–Woronowicz reconstruction result for such partial compact quantum groups using the notion of partial fusion C⁎-categories. As examples, we consider the dynamical quantum SU(2)-groups from the point of view of partial compact quantum groups.

Weak multiplier bialgebras

A non-unital generalization of weak bialgebra is proposed with a multiplier-valued comultiplication. Certain canonical subalgebras of the multiplier algebra (named the ‘base algebras’) are shown to carry coseparable co-Frobenius coalgebra structures. Appropriate modules over a nice enough weak multiplier bialgebra are shown to constitute a monoidal category via the (co)module tensor product over the base (co)algebra. The relation to Van Daele and Wang’s (regular and arbitrary) weak multiplier Hopf algebra is discussed.

Multiplier Hopf algebroids arising from weak multiplier Hopf algebras

It is well-known that any weak Hopf algebra gives rise to a Hopf algebroid. Moreover it is possible to characterize those Hopf algebroids that arise in this way. Recently, the notion of a weak Hopf algebra has been extended to the case of algebras without identity. This led to the theory of weak multiplier Hopf algebras. Similarly also the theory of Hopf algebroids was recently developed for algebras without identity. They are called multiplier Hopf algebroids. Then it is quite natural to investigate the expected link between weak multiplier Hopf algebras and multiplier Hopf algebroids. This relation has been considered already in the original paper on multiplier Hopf algebroids. In this note, we investigate the connection further. First we show that any regular weak multiplier Hopf algebra gives rise, in a natural way, to a regular multiplier Hopf algebroid. Secondly we give a characterization, mainly in terms of the base algebra, for a regular multiplier Hopf algebroid to have an underlying weak multiplier Hopf algebra. We illustrate this result with some examples. In particular, we give examples of multiplier Hopf algebroids that do not arise from a weak multiplier Hopf algebra.

Comodules over weak multiplier bialgebras

This is a sequel paper of [Weak multiplier bialgebras, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., in press] in which we study the comodules over a regular weak multiplier bialgebra over a field, with a full comultiplication. Replacing the usual notion of coassociative coaction over a (weak) bialgebra, a comodule is defined via a pair of compatible linear maps. Both the total algebra and the base (co)algebra of a regular weak multiplier bialgebra with a full comultiplication are shown to carry comodule structures. Kahng and Van Daele's integrals [The Larson–Sweedler theorem for weak multiplier Hopf algebras, in preparation] are interpreted as comodule maps from the total to the base algebra. Generalizing the counitality of a comodule to the multiplier setting, we consider the particular class of so-called full comodules. They are shown to carry bi(co)module structures over the base (co)algebra and constitute a monoidal category via the (co)module tensor product over the base (co)algebra. If a regular weak multiplier bialgebra with a full comultiplication possesses an antipode, then finite-dimensional full comodules are shown to possess duals in the monoidal category of full comodules. Hopf modules are introduced over regular weak multiplier bialgebras with a full comultiplication. Whenever there is an antipode, the Fundamental Theorem of Hopf Modules is proven. It asserts that the category of Hopf modules is equivalent to the category of firm modules over the base algebra.

Weak multiplier Hopf algebras I. The main theory

Abstract A weak multiplier Hopf algebra is a pair (A, Δ) of a non-degenerate idempotent algebra A and a coproduct Δ on A. The coproduct is a coassociative homomorphism from A to the multiplier algebra M(A ⊗ A) with some natural extra properties (like the existence of a counit). Further we impose extra but natural conditions on the ranges and the kernels of the canonical maps T 1 and T 2 defined from A ⊗ A to M(A ⊗ A) by T 1(a ⊗ b) = Δ(a)(1 ⊗ b) and T 2(a ⊗ b) = (a ⊗ 1)Δ(b). The first condition is about the ranges of these maps. It is assumed that there exists an idempotent element E ∈ M(A ⊗ A) such that Δ(A)(1 ⊗ A) = E(A ⊗ A) and (A ⊗ 1)Δ(A) = (A ⊗ A)E. This element is unique if it exists. Then it is possible to extend the coproduct in a unique way to a homomorphism Δ˜: M(A) → M(A ⊗ A) such that Δ˜(1) = E. In the case of a multiplier Hopf algebra we have E = 1 ⊗ 1 but this is no longer assumed for weak multiplier Hopf algebras. The second condition determines the behavior of the coproduct on the legs of E. We require (Δ ⊗ ι)(E) = (ι ⊗ Δ)(E) = (1 ⊗ E)(E ⊗ 1) = (E ⊗ 1)(1 ⊗ E). Finally, the last condition determines the kernels of the canonical maps T 1 and T 2 in terms of this idempotent E by a very specific relation. From these conditions we develop the theory. In particular, we construct a unique antipode satisfying the expected properties and various other data. Special attention is given to the regular case (that is when the antipode is bijective) and the case of a *-algebra (where regularity is automatic). Weak Hopf algebras are special cases of such weak multiplier Hopf algebras. Conversely, if the underlying algebra of a (regular) weak multiplier Hopf algebra has an identity, it is a weak Hopf algebra. Also any groupoid, finite or not, yields two weak multiplier Hopf algebras in duality. We will give more and interesting examples of weak multiplier Hopf algebras in parts II and III of this series of papers.