Way Of Explanation Research Articles

Peran Pendidikan Ayah dalam Membentuk Karakter Islami Anak

Children are a gift and a trust entrusted by God to parents. And it is appropriate as parents should be able to maintain and educate their children to become children with morals and character. But many problems arise among children due to the less than optimal role of the family which is the first education for a child. The role of a mother is focused on the care of a child, while the role of a father is only limited to earning a living to meet the needs of his family. This research is intended to illustrate that a father must also participate in every child's development, especially in developing a child's character. One example that we can take in an effort to educate and build children's character is Luqman Al Hakim listed in Q.S Luqman. This research uses qualitative data, which is research produced in the form of descriptive which technically emphasizes on the study of text. While the interpretation method used by the author, is the muqarrin method, namely the comparison or comparative method. The results of this study conclude that the interpretation of Wahbah Zuhaili and Buya Hamka in the interpretation of Q.S Luqman has almost the same interpretation, namely Luqman's advice to his son about faith, birrul walidain filial piety and respect for parents, worship education (praying), carrying out amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, giving advice to his son not to have an arrogant nature. The role of a father in shaping a child's character is very important, if a child who lacks a father's affection will be vulnerable to experiencing a lameness in his development. While the difference between the interpretations of Wahbah Zuhaili and Buya Hamka is only in the way of delivery and the way of explanation because they use different styles. Keywords: Father Education; Children's Islamic Character; Wahbah Zuhaili; Buya Hamka.

»… dann wird Gott dich mit großen Plagen und bösen Krankheiten heimsuchen« (Dtn 28,59)

Abstract Catastrophes like global pandemics are very prone to generate different interpretations, also in the realm of religion and theology. It might be expected that the most common approach within the history of religion was to think of them as divine punishments for human sins. While this was the case in some instances, a closer look, however, reveals that ancient and medieval theologians were very reluctant to embark on that way of explanations and offered more theologically mature thoughts.

The Prevalence of Microorganisms and Antibiotics Activity Tests of Natural and Industrial Products in Surgical Site Infections in Referral Hospitals in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Background and objectives: To study the prevalence of microorganisms and antibiotics activity tests of natural and industrial products, SSIs were found in referral hospitals in Erbil, Iraq's Kurdistan province. MethodsPus samples were collected from 29 surgical patients using sterile swabs and primed for culture collection. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the bacterial activity of three types of plants (cinnamon, ginger, and radish) against three bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., and S.epidermidis. Result: Overall 29 pus samples were processed for culture testing. One gram negative bacterium (7.14%) and thirteen gram positive cocci (92.85%) were isolated from the 14 bacteria. The three most potent isolates were found to be resistant to the variable of tested antibiotics, while they showed any sensitivity to the tested plant extracts. Cinnamon, ginger, and radish extracts were discovered to be among the few variable effective plant extracts against the tested pathogenic bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The data collected from this research showed a better way of explanation of the microorganism’s etiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) in hospitals where they might have epidemiological and healing insinuations.
 Keywords: Surgical Site Infections, Bacteria isolated from wounds, antimicrobial resistance, pus, plant extract.

Phenomenology and hermeneutics as a basis for sensitivity within health care.

An educated healthcare professional or student is sensitive and able to make good judgements, understanding existential challenging issues. It is argued that the ideas within phenomenology and hermeneutics can function as a basis for comprehension. This article focuses on how choice of perspective and knowledge is of importance to what we do in practice. However, education does not consist of mere accumulation of knowledge and ways of explanation. We do not become competent practitioners by being able to reproduce philosophical ideas. These are merely perspectives by means of which we can seek to go beyond what we take for granted, or what we assume to know, thus enabling us to take a new direction understanding problems and issues that until now may have been hidden to us. In other words, understanding is of an existential character, whereas an observing healthcare professional must be aware and open to the mental aspects of life. It is therefore important to attune ourselves to being sensitive to and aware of experiences from our lifeworld, understanding what they imply. It is argued that literature provides insight into human nature through the written depiction of real or imagined experiences. To develop such narrative imagination, it is suggested that literature should be part of the curriculum of various educations. This is relevant to healthcare professionals who thereby can get an important insight into human nature and begin to develop the self-awareness and sensitivity to others that is so central to care.

Revisiting the Precedential Status of Crown Court Decisions

The binding authority of substantive decisions made by the Crown Court in the exercise of its criminal jurisdiction is often assumed to be negligible. In 2013, the Court of Appeal appeared to confirm the correctness of that assumption. Yet there was little in the way of explanation or case law that was cited in support by the court. This article suggests that a re-evaluation of the place and treatment of such decisions within the doctrine of precedent is overdue, and considers that they should be recognised to have some binding effect if there is able to be established a reasonably satisfactory process to facilitate their systematic and public dissemination, whether electronic or otherwise.

Методологічні детермінанти дослідження професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців в умовах вищої педагогічної освіти

The current stage of development of all stages of the domestic education system is characterized by its reformation, gradual integration into the world educational space, new requirements to the quality and efficiency, which predetermines the pedagogical science to create a theoretical and methodological foundation for such transformations. Their legal framework is provided by the updated Laws of Ukraine “On Education”, “On Higher Education”, the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine up to 2021, the Concept of the Pedagogical Education Development, the Concept of the New Ukrainian School, etc. The purpose of the article is to cover and analyse the methodological determinants of the study regarding the future teachers' training. The analysis of the scientific foundation made it possible to characterize the methodology as "the doctrine of the general principles and methods of scientific knowledge and the transformation of objective reality”; methodology of pedagogy ‒ as the doctrine of pedagogical knowledge, the process of its acquisition, ways of explanation and practical application in order to transform or improve the educational process; the methodological approach ‒ as a set of ideas, baselines, guidelines, starting points, ways of rationing the organization of research activities. The article presents the most widespread methodological approaches applied in pedagogical researches on various aspects of future teachers' professional training due to the application of the content analysis method; the criteria for their selection and the features of their application as well as some character traits are determined. Keywords: methodology, professional training, future specialists, research, higher pedagogical education.

The Nature of the Virtuous Soul in Al-Ghazali and Hamka

This paper elaborates the view of al-Ghazali and Hamka on the healthy soul in tasawwuf. Both have an interest correlation in understanding the healthy soul with different way of explanation. Hamka said that the healthy soul should be maintained by four qualities; shajÉ’ah, ‘iffah, Íikmah, and ‘adÉlah. In fact, these four qualities are known as ummahÉt al-fadhÉil or the mother of virtuous in the book of al-Ghazali. In fact, the way of al-Ghazali in explaining the meaning of ummahÉt al-fadhÉil is different with Hamka, so this issue is important to be discussed. This research is done by using the descriptive analysis method to elaborate both views on healthy soul, then comparative method is used to gain the different’s result of thought on this issue. After analyzing this works, researcher finds that Hamka was much influenced by al-Ghazali’s thought, but attractively he was succeeded to contextualize the meaning of healthy soul into Indonesian context. This produces the new explanation which is simple to be understood by all people, especially in the land of archipelago

The Nature of the Virtuous Soul in al-Ghazali and Hamka

This paper elaborates view of al-Ghazali and Hamka on the healthy soul in ‎ tasawwuf. Both have an interest correlation in understanding healthy soul with different ‎ ways of explanation. Hamka affirmed that healthy soul should be maintained by four ‎ qualities; syaja>’ah, ‘iffah, h}ikmah , and ‘ada>lah . In fact, these four qualities are known as ‎ ummaha>t al-fad}a>il or the mother of virtuous in the book of al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali’s way in ‎ explaining the meaning of ummaha>t al-fad}a>il , however, is different with Hamka, making this ‎ issue is important to be discussed. This research is done using descriptive analysis method ‎ to elaborate both al-Ghazali and Hamka’s idea on healthy soul, before finally compared ‎ in order to gain multiple results based on their different perspectives on this issue. ‎ Researcher finds afterwards that Hamka was much influenced by al-Ghazali’s thought, but ‎ attractively, Hamka succeeded to contextualize thea meaning of healthy soul in accordance ‎ with al-Ghazali’s thought into Indonesian context in a more simple way to be understood ‎ by all people, especially in the land of archipelago. ‎

Naturalizing Self-Consciousness: The representationalist approach of F. Dretske

The article discusses the problem of self-consciousness, which was first articulated by G. Fichte, and which refers to explaining a conscious self-reference without falling into an infinite regression when self-consciousness is implied but not explained. Analyzing S. Shoemaker’s linguistic approach to self-consciousness, the author asserts that the key feature of self-consciousness is a conscious self-reference. However, after considering Shoemaker’s arguments, the author claims impossibility of solving the problem of self-consciousness solely by means of a linguistic analysis.Therefore, the author refers to two bottom-up proposals aiming to solve this issue: the approach of non-conceptual forms of self-consciousness developed by J. Bermúdez and the conception of self-consciousness pre-reflective form coined by D. Zahavi. The article states inadequacies in both approaches and asserts the need to identify self-consciousness in non-intentional (in terms of phenomenology), non-semantic, and non-mental concepts - that is, in a naturalistic way that meets the requirements to naturalism put forward by L. Baker. For this, the author suggests referring to representationalism, in particular to, the works of F. Dretske, and trying to ground the theory of self-consciousness in his statement that representations do not require «self», a principle that spontaneously organizes mental activity and carries out all intentional acts.The author concludes that the approach of Dretske avoids an endless regression or circular way of explanation. However, the very project of naturalization of self-consciousness, based on a non-linguistic, naturalized form of representation of a cognitive system that does not contain «self», can not exist without taking into account the first-person perspective. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the assumption of a metaphysical relation everyone has to himself. However, the author stresses the need for further clarification and agreement with the theses of strong representationalism.

On the Subject of Social Philosophy

Social philosophy is knowledge that is called to answer the question about the goals of human existence and human historical life. In this sense, it is a valuative philosophy. This determines the specificity and boundaries of its object. It includes: 1) society as self-organizing system of sociality reproduction, 2) historical process in its relation with value meanings and constants of human existence, and 3) social epistemology, exploring the possibilities and ways of adequately social reality comprehension. Social philosophy conceptually crosses theoretical sociology and the philosophy of history within the boundaries of its problem field. The main theme of social philosophy is a theme of human, focusing research interest on the question “Who are we and where are we going?” Today boundaries of social philosophy are blurring under the postmodern influence on the humanities. Philosophical vision of social reality is replaced by the description of narratives designed by communicative practice that cannot be represented as a whole and do not obey to general analytical logic. This actualizes an appeal to social philosophy as a way of explanation of socio-cultural realities and, in this connection, to the problematics specifying the existing ideas about its object.

Gaining Customer Compassion During Service Failure through Explanation — An Empirical Investigation

Delivering error free internet service is one of the utmost important challenges for internet service providers. Despite being natural phenomenon, disruption in internet service has catastrophic outcome for the organizations. One of the main consequences of this unwanted event is customers’ dissatisfaction, which eventually lead brand switching behavior. Generally, organizations provide explanation to their customers during this critical situation. Effectiveness of explanation, however, greatly depends on different methods. Therefore, this study tries to unveil the most effective dimension of explanation, which mitigate customer dissatisfaction in such unwanted situation. Applying simple random sampling from four main internet service providers’ database in Malaysia, this study managed to get 322 respondents, who gave complain about their service disruption during August to October 2014. Factor and regression analysis techniques had been applied to understand the most effective dimension of explanation. Results revealed that excuse has significant negative effect on gaining customer compassion. In contrast, apology become the most effective way of explanation followed by reference and justification during service failure. Indeed, this study is one of the limited literatures that provides deeper understanding of explanation in gaining customer compassion and eventually helps service industry to rethink their customer service strategies in gaining customer compassion, which ultimately keep their customer forever with them.

Securing the help of an Interior Designer; Between Aspiration and Necessity

Interior design in our present time has become one of the important ways to determine the status or class of individuals and became a way of making our desires and dream reality. So it has become inefficient to depend upon personal artistic abilities only for implementing the design on interior spaces. Thus, securing an interior designer who has the abilities and experience to follow the new methods becomes a necessity to achieve good designs that reflect satisfaction and interest. Throughout the overall of the executed design which holds in its details and appearances our test, interests, and beliefs. The accurate interior design gives the right picture that reflects many ways we want to show others about ourselves. Interior design, with its elements and components, enhance the aesthetic attitudes of individuals as well as the environmental aspects. These play an effective role in showing economic and social status. New interesting attitudes or methods in planning and implementation of the interior design need an expert to do the job. This study looks into the importance of hiring an interior designer, who is an integral part of the Interior Design job. The Interior designer should be able to establish vital cooperation with many aspects needed. The distinction or uniqueness means a way of explanting the inner personality of an individual or a certain environmental society and their interests. This way of explanation has come as a result of the development of different aspects of features and techniques throughout the times. The job of an interior designer is implemented in two parts, study, and implementation. The aim is to expose the desires of clients; as individuals or society, and their needs according to their interests and values., the interior designer will be able to:- Apply theoretical and practical knowledge to solve real design problems. - Enhance active factors to give a hand in helping and improving the aesthetic qualities of the environmental aspects. - Help to develop his artistic abilities in design, and to gain aesthetic design experiences in factual life serving community needs. Interior design, with its elements and components, considers as one of the environmental features. These features point out the degree and positional status of an individual, as well as a group or society in general. This happens with regard to; economy, behaviors, ambitions, and also desires toward uniqueness. Interior design in our present time has become one of the important ways to determine the status or class of an individual in society and became a way of making our desires and dream reality. Securing the help of an Interior Designer places a strong emphasis on quality assurance and quality control. The quality of Securing the help of an Interior Designer is assessed from different aspects. Evaluation and recommendations based on the assessment. The main goal of the assessment is to modify/ update the requirements needed on a continual basis to ensure that the job is of high quality and achieved the desire objectives. In the present investigation, the author investigated the ratio aspect of interior designing and the role of a professional interior designer in reducing the cost of materials and allowing for the appropriate understanding of the needed elements of the design.

The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone

The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone

The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone

The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone

THE LI-KI STRUCTURE OF THE FOUR BEGINNINGS AND THE SEVEN EMOTIONS AND THE INTENT OF THE FOUR-SEVEN DEBATE: A CRITICAL REFLECTION ON THE METHODS OF EXPLAINING THE THEORIES OF THE FOUR BEGINNINGS AND THE SEVEN EMOTIONS IN KOREAN NEO-CONFUCIANISM

It is not easy to explain the distinct relationships and roles of concepts like li (理, principle), ki (氣, matter or energy), heart-mind (sim 心), and nature (sŏng 性) because the terms simultaneously explain both the physical quality and the ethical nature of being. In order to solve this difficulty, Confucians of the Chosŏn dynasty tried to search for effective ways of explanation by analyzing them, and today’s scholars also make persistent efforts to resolve this difficulty. One direction of such arguments in the Sŏngho school, which includied Chŏng Yag-yong, was to divide the usages of the concepts into “the special” (chŏn 專) and “the universal” (ch’ong 總). In addition, there was “the theory of mutual opposition” (taesŏl 對說) versus “the theory of mutual causation” (insŏl 因說), which was suggested by Ki Tae-sŭng in his disputes over the Four Beginnings and the Seven Emotions with Yi Hwang, and the “horizontal viewing” (hoeng’gan 橫看) versus “vertical viewing” (sugan 竪看), which was used by Yi I, Yi Chin-sang, Chŏng Chae-gyu, and others. Contemporary scholars have also used these frameworks in order to explain the theories of li, ki, “heart-mind,” and “nature” in Chosŏn Confucianism. And these methods focus mainly on the li and ki structure of moral emotions. However, most Chosŏn Neo-Confucianists discussed these topics in order to actualize moral life in the real world by searching for ways of controlling emotions, rather than discovering the ontological structure of li, ki, “heart-mind,” and “nature”. If we consider what we can learn from Neo-Confucianism’s li, ki, “heart-mind,” and “nature” theory or the theory of the Four Beginnings and the Seven Emotions today, we should take note of the experiences and the results of discussions that attempt to make a normative justifiability of moral life equal to the inevitability of the natural law, by considering that human beings and society share their material and principles with nature. And we should evaluate dispassionately the theories and the results of these theories that were made in order to accomplish a Confucian moral society, and make the evaluation helpful for generating a discussion to lead today’s society in a desirable direction.

A face crítica do poeta em ‘Indulgência plenária’, de Alberto Pimenta

Trata-se de um ensaio, cujo mote incide sobre a maneira de junção entre crítica e poesia, entre ética e estética, no longo poema Indulgência Plenária de Alberto Pimenta. Para o presente propósito, importa considerar a crítica numa dupla acepção: numa das abordagens possíveis, como um viés de lei­tura que explicita alguns dos procedimentos de linguagem, de modo que a escrita poética é apresentada como procedimento que se dobra sobre o seu próprio meio de efetuação, permitindo que a reflexão e a valorização da es­crita seja evidenciada; e, numa outra possibilidade de abordagem, a crítica no sentido mesmo de um exame detalhado seguido de avaliação acerca do fato motivador da elaboração deste longo poema (a saber, a violência – se­guida de morte – sofrida pela transexual Gisberta Salce na cidade do Por­to), momento em que a conjunção entre ética e estética se fará pertinente. Tendo em vista o fato de que Alberto Pimenta também escreveu ensaios críticos, importa, por fim, considerar esta terceira acepção da crítica: gêne­ro literário característico que servirá como base de algumas das reflexões suscitadas pelo poema. Desse modo, pretendemos pensar crítica e poesia como realizações confluentes na atividade de Alberto Pimenta.

Definition as a Means of Semantization in the Dictionaries of Linguistic Terms

The article is devoted to the definition as the main means of term semantization and systematization of terminological knowledge in specialized dictionaries. Among all the ways of explanation and fixation of term semantics the definition is more predominant and significant. The aim of this research is a comparative study of the definition as the main means of semantization in dictionaries of linguistic terms in Kazakh, Russian and English. Semantization in scientific and technical lexicography is defined as a semantic, logical-conceptual analysis, which includes all the possible ways of disclosure of the term meaning in a specialized dictionary. In terminology the definition may not exist in isolation. It is considered as a part of the information fixing the term. The main aim of any terminological dictionary is to identify the meaning and fix it in the form of definition. The accurately formulated definition is of great scientific importance. The main task of the definition is not to state or describe, but only to identify and outline the object or subject that will be discussed in the future and will be stated. Such methods as descriptive, typological, definitional and comparative are applied to achieve the main aim of this research. Lexicographic fixation allows the definition with partial features of explanation. Generalization of features of the definition form and content, based on the lexicographic materials, highlights its three types: generic-specific, operational and enumerative. Revealing the most important information in the object, the terminological definition emphasizes it, distinguishes it from other objects and warns against mixing the concepts, confusion in the arguments. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p469

Uloga malih i srednjih preduzeća u funkciji bržeg oporavka privrede Republike Srpske

Enterprises in a crisis trying to identify potential risks, identify opportunities and use strategies that will ensure theirs efficient operations. Small and medium enterprises (SME's), due to its flexibility and homogeneous structure have a good prerequisite to develop innovation and thus ensure market competitiveness. Flexibility of SME's is particularly evident in periods of slowing economic activity and crisis. Bearing in mind the macroeconomic risks of the economy of the Republic of Srpska and B&H as a whole, which are directly conditioned by the global crisis, the SME sector may be the way to overcome the current situation. The work examines the role and importance of small and medium enterprises in the revival of economic activity in the stagnant economies affected by the current economic crisis. The focus is on the putting of SME's as the drivers of innovation, employment and overall economic development. It starts from the premise that SME's are the main carrier of industrial development, but they have a very important role for the stability of the national economy. The paper emphasizes the importance of the SME sector as the most flexible in the conditions of unfavorable environment for positioning and creating sustainable competitive economy and faster economic recovery. The aim is to provide a concise way of explanation and offer an answer about the role and importance of the development of SME's as an acceptable model in formulating economic policy and business strategy in terms of faster economic recovery of the Republic of Srpska.

Relational Truth-creation: Between Bare Literal Openness and Mutual Manipulation

The intention of this article is to highlight some aspects that question a simplistic idea of truth as corresponding to the facts that is often implied in the imperative "Tell the truth!": the epistemological status of the biomedical information, the choice and development of relevant information, and the complicated process of adjusting two different ways of explanations with the actual state of affairs. Telling the truth is a delicate and complicated process, the more if it is embedded in other communicational tasks like therapy and diagnosis. It requires a successive development of mutual understanding, and it has educative and insofar also possibly manipulative aspects, that may on the first view contradict the guiding imperative. Thus, truth-telling is not translating a medical checklist to everyday language, but requires hermeneutic as well as constructive capacities from both, sender and receiver of the information.

Reframing Economic Education: From Plastic Arts to Block Construction

One reason many college students shun economics is ineffective education. A more systematic way of explanation, with standardization and consistency, would promote learning of economic theories. This paper suggests a new framework for effective economic education. It begins with clear identification of the assumptions in economics as the building blocks. After that, it illustrates how theories for efficient markets, as the base-case constructs, can be built with so-defined blocks. By following this process, students will understand fundamental economic theories more easily. After being familiar with basics, they can advance to non-standard constructs with modified blocks or sophisticated theories for irregular conditions. By comparing the base case models with market irregularities, students can clearly differentiate the roles of the government from those of the market.