Sociological Way Research Articles

Remaking critical care: Place, body work and the materialities of care in the COVID intensive care unit.

In this article, we take forward sociological ways of knowing care-in-practice, in particular work in critical care. To do so, we analyse the experiences of staff working in critical care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. This moment of exception throws into sharp relief the ways in which work and place were reconfigured during conditions of pandemic surge, and shows how critical care depends at all times on the co-constitution of place, practices and relations. Our analysis draws on sociological and anthropological work on the material culture of health care and its sensory instantiations. Pursuing this through a study of the experiences of 40 staff across four intensive care units (ICUs) in 2020, we provide an empirical and theoretical elaboration of how place, body work and care are mutually co-constitutive. We argue that the ICU does not exist independently of the constant embodied work of care and place-making which iteratively constitute critical care as a total system of relations.

On Thin Ice: Toward A Modified Male Peer Support Theory of Professional Hockey Players’ Violence Against Women

There was a burst of creative social scientific investigation into hypermasculine male athletes’ violence against women in the 1980s and 1990s, but this interest has seemed to have dried up. Furthermore, the extant literature on this problem is for the most part atheoretical and devoid of sociological ways of knowing. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to highlight the value of applying a modified male peer support theory of male-to-female violence to explain the linkage between playing professional hockey and online and offline variants of woman abuse.

Co-Construction of beliefs regarding literature during the senior class – a project report

In a literary didactical and educational sociological way, this empirical examination attempts to answer the question how students in senior classes of academic high schools (16–19 years) acquire and maintain notions and beliefs concerning literature. We assume that advanced-level German teaching at school has a huge impact on the realisation of these notions with regards to literature. Thus, this study focuses on how beliefs are alternatingly co-constructed. Our results underline the great influence of teachers in forming the beliefs about reading and literature of their students. They show the strong interdependence between teachers’ beliefs regarding reading and literature, the way teachers conduct class-talks in literature lessons and the emergence of students’ beliefs regarding literature in a decisive phase of growing up.

Цінність “домашній комфорт” у структурі цінностей індивідуальної життєдіяльності

The article provides an interpretation of the value of home comfort and explores its place in the structure of factors of a person’s life, including other personal values. A conceptualisation of the individual value of home comfort is suggested based on psychological and sociological ways of understanding it. The article’s empirical part is based on the results of two online surveys. The first was conducted in March 2020 among students of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (N = 417), and the second – among residents of the Kyiv region in June and July of 2021 (N = 728). The sociological test “Individual values and interests – 13” was used as a key technique for measuring individual values. The value of home comfort is considered through the article’s material and emotional components, namely: good conditions at the place of residence (material component) and home comfort (responsible for the emotional component). Home comfort is impossible without emotional and psychological comfort, which is subjective and can manifest differently for each person, depending on their value system. For statistical analysis, the Condorcet method was used to identify the cumulative rating of values, the chi-square independence test to analyse relationships with external factors, and the Z-test for one sample was applied to explore relationships with other values. Based on these empirical studies, the value “home comfort” ranks 6th among residents of the Kyiv region (2021) and 8th among students (2020) in the structure of proposed individual values. Home comfort yields such values as physical health, interpersonal relationships, psychological comfort, personal freedom, and morality. It can be argued that the weak, positive relationship was fixed between the value of “home comfort” with the level of education, marital status, and the way of spending free time. Among other individual values, “home comfort” is positively related to the value of “interpersonal relations”, and a negative relationship is observed for such individual values as self-realisation, freedom, and morality.

Development of a sociological way of thinking with the help of multimedia technologies on the example of Navigitel tales

The sociological way of thinking is defined as a key mode of perceiving and evaluate social actions and as a regulator of a socialised actor performance. A model of development of the sociological way of thinking under an influence of Navigitel tales is built. Structural and functional description of the model is presented. Multimedia technologies are substantiated as a technological base for practical implementation of the built model. The potential of multimedia technologies at the development of the sociological way of thinking has been disclosed. Keys thesis of axiology and sociological essence of the Navigitel tales are formulated.

건설사업관리에서 위험관리 개선방안에 관한 법사회학적 연구 - 납품대금 연동제를 중심으로 -

Korea is a developed country. However, in fact, Korea is still in a dangerous society and has not been able to escape from the continuous accidents. Since the purpose of this paper was more focused on the prevention of construction safety, a sociological (philosophical) way of thinking was chosen rather than a technical approach to emphasize the aspect of social value. it was divided into a theoretical and methodological dimension in the socio-legal way by classifying it from the point of view of systems and safety agents. To the theoretical approach to the sociology of law, the theories claimed by ‘Hannah Arendt’, ‘Lacan’, ‘Baumann’, ‘Isomorphism Theory’ and ‘Zizek’ were applied. Cases, precedents, and statistical analysis were carried out at the methodological level. It has been proven that the construction large-scale accident is closely related to the theory of sociology of law.

The upsurge of rape during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria and its effects on survivors

As one of the global measures for containing the spread of the dreaded coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Nigerian government imposed a total lockdown from 30 March 2020 to 15 May 2020. This exposed a lot of women and children to a greater level of sexual violence such as rape, which has persisted even before COVID-19. On 14 July 2020, the Nigerian Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development, Pauline Tallen, reportedly said that over 3600 rape cases were recorded across Nigeria during the lockdown. The sudden rise in cases of rape in the country calls for urgent attention. The article explores the effects of rape during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria using expository and phenomenological designs. It used data obtained from: (1) articles and commentaries on the websites of various newspapers in Nigeria, (2) existing works and (3) interviews with women and girls who were either survivors or connected to the victims of rape during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. The findings corroborate the notion that rape, especially during the COVID-19 lockdown, is a very traumatic experience that has negative effects on the survivors in a physical, psychological and sociological way. The data also indicate that the upsurge of rape incidences in Nigeria is an epidemic that should also be treated as a public health emergency.Contribution: This research revealed diverse health and safety approaches that should be adopted to mitigate further escalation of rape, which includes enforcement of anti-sexual harassment bills, intensified orientation and awareness through campaigns.

The value of self-realization in the structure of individual life

Article investigates the place of self-realization as individual value among factors of individual human life, including other individual values. The conceptualization of individual value of self-realization is offered, proceeding from psychological and sociological ways of its understanding. The empirical part of the article is based on the results of two online surveys. The first was held in March 2020 among students of Taras Shevchenko National University (N = 417), the second — among residents of Kyiv region in June and July 2021 (N = 728). The sociological test "Individual values and interests — 13" was used as a method of measuring individual values. For statistical analysis, the Condorcet method was used (to identify the aggregate value rating), the 2 independence criterion (for analyzing relationships with external factors), and the Z-test for one sample applied to simulated data (for analyzing relationships with other values). Authors revealed the inequality of self-realization positions in the aggregate rating of individual values for students of Taras Shevchenko National University and residents of Kyiv region was. The relationship of self-realization importance level and gender, marital status, relative financial deprivation and the experience of management was established. There is also direct relationship with the value of knowledge, and inverse relationship with the values of home comfort, physical health and psychological comfort.

Transformation of Sociology: Necessity and Perspectives

The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

Science Education in the Light of COVID-19

In this position paper, I examine how the history, philosophy and sociology of science (HPS) can contribute to science education in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss shortcomings in the ways that history is often used in school science, and examine how knowledge of previous pandemics might help in teaching about COVID-19. I look at the potential of issues to do with measurement in the context of COVID-19 (e.g. measurement of mortality figures) to introduce school students to issues about philosophy of science, and I show how COVID-19 has the affordance to broaden and deepen the moral philosophy that students typically meet in biology lessons. COVID-19 also provides opportunities to introduce students to sociological ways of thinking, examining data and questioning human practices. It can also enable students to see how science, economics and politics inter-relate. In the final part of the paper, I suggest that there are strong arguments in favour of an interdisciplinary approach in tackling zoonoses like COVID-19 and that there is much to be said for such interdisciplinarity in school science lessons when teaching about socio-scientific issues and issues intended to raise scientific literacy.

Hobbes’s Practical Politics: Political, Sociological and Economistic Ways of Avoiding a State of Nature

This paper offers a systematic analysis of Hobbes’s practical political thought. Hobbes’s abstract philosophy is rightly celebrated, but he also gave much practical advice on how to avoid disorder. Yet he is typically interpreted too narrowly in this respect, especially by those who only read him economistically. Other scholars supplement this economistic focus with sociological or political interpretations, but to my knowledge, no one stresses all three aspects of his thought. This paper thus examines each of Hobbes’s practical proposals for avoiding corruption and a state of nature. Hobbes clearly uses economistic, sociological and political approaches, which involve shaping incentives, desires/preferences, and opportunities, respectively. This intentionally anachronistic framework helps us see further, highlighting Hobbes’s rich and wide-ranging practical proposals for avoiding disorder – a crucial part of his theory.

Forms of shame between social processes and prospects for subjectification

The aim of this article is to mark an original sociological way of access to the study of shame. The main theoretical hypothesis concerns the distinction between two forms of shame: Me-shame and I-shame. After having mentioned the main sociological reflections about shame, the author refers to G.H. Mead’s social theory’s distinction between Me and I to argue that Me-shame points out a form of shame that is sociologically relevant, objectivised and socialised, which concerns the violation of a given core of social norms. I-shame, on the other hand, points out the subjective dimension of shame and as such it can be defined as a social compression of intersubjective sources of subjectification. Having briefly discussed the distinction between Me-shame and I-shame, the author focuses on a particular form of I-shame called critical I-shame. After a theoretical definition, the author proposes a case study dedicated to this form, which aims to emphasise the emancipative role of shame. The case study ultimately shows how renewed recognitive social resources permit the humiliated subject to gain access to new self-definitions and to reappropriate himself in a creatively open way of current meanings that may have taken on oppressive trait.

A contribution for pedigree of the Arabesk

A contribution for pedigree of the Arabesk

Leisure and health: conjoined and contested concepts

ABSTRACT This paper explores the various ideas, notions and conversations that underpin the leisure/health nexus and focuses on identifying the interrelatedness and synergies between these concepts. There are competing understandings of ‘health’ that underpin the domains of leisure. Within these disciplines there are contrasting discussions involving biological, economic, environmental, historical, medical, political, psychological and sociological ways of constructing meaning. These occur in the domains of bio-medical treatment and health promotion framed within embodiment and embodiment practice. The bio-medical domain frames ‘health’ as the prevention of disease/illness/injury and views ‘leisure’ as a tool through which to reduce risk. While 21st century health promotion posits ‘health’ more holistically, ‘leisure’ still often focuses on issues related to individual’s physical ‘health’. In reality leisure and health are complex concepts that exist within a system of ebbs and flows that impact each other in different ways depending on your point of view.

Biology and American Sociology, Part I: the Rise of Evolutionary Thinking, its Rejection, and Potential Resurrection

Despite long-standing prejudices against doing so, it is time for sociology to reconnect with its roots in biological and evolutionary thinking. Sociology emerged as a discipline when the notion of evolution was actively used in biology, geology, and emerging social sciences. Throughout the nineteenth century, many of the most prominent early European sociologists examined the social universe from an evolutionary perspective; and this perspective was borrowed in much of early American sociology in the last decades of the nineteenth century and in the first decades of the twentieth century. By the end of the second decade of the twentieth Century, however, evolutionary analysis was rapidly disappearing in sociology in the United States, and by the 1930s, it was pretty much dead. And for the remainder of the twentieth century, it was viewed with a great suspicion, especially evolutionary approaches that sought to incorporate ideas from biology into the field. Despite the revival of stage models of societal evolution and the emergence of new ecological approaches in the 1960s and 1970s, evolutionary ideas from biology were still rejected by most American sociologists though much of the twentieth century. In this paper, we first present the history of this rejection of evolutionary, with the goal of encouraging sociologists today to recognize the distortions and misrepresentations of Darwinian and Spencerian ideas that fueled intellectual prejudices for so many decades. These prejudices only get in the way of sociology in the twenty-first century, where biological ideas have begun to pervade the social sciences. Thus, American sociologists should now take stock and reconsider how much evolutionary and biological analysis can help sociology and, equally if not more important, how an informed evolutionary sociology can influence those in the other social sciences and even those in the biological sciences.

Navigating the new, transplanted self: how recipients manage the cognitive risks of organ transplantation

The physiological risks of organ transplantation are well documented, but more poorly understood are the sociological ways in which organ recipients redefine themselves in reaction to physiological risks and social changes accompanying transplantation. This article analyses transplantation as a procedure that is not only physiologically risky but also poses risk to the social identity of the recipient, and explores how transplant recipients cognitively navigate transplantation surgery from waiting for to recovering after a transplant. It builds on previous sociological exploration of risk as a socially constructed process mediating experiences of health and illness with a focused contribution on explaining how individuals navigate risks posed to their social identities by major biophysical transformations. This article pointedly analyses narratives of fourteen organ recipients and the four dominant phases of identity management that emerged to create what we have coined as the new 'transplanted self', indicating the varied ways the individual social self emerges in response to the social risks of transplantation. We conclude that a better understanding of the recipient experience will contribute to improved care in the transplantation field.

Metody interpretacji ustaw w praktyce Sądu Najwyższego na Węgrzech

The present paper deals with the methods of statutory interpretation, focusing, primarily, on the Hungarian practice thereof. It uses the term ’interpretation’ in the sense of Jerzy Wroblewski’s well-known category as an activity that one does if the meaning of a given text is vague or dubious and he/she wishes to reveal the appropriate meaning of the text in question. Firstly, the paper reviews the techniques by use of which judges (or anybody else) can decide what a given word, phrase, sentence or text means, or what it does not, establishing a classification that attempts to cover the pool of the possible methods of statutory interpretation. Secondly, the article analyses and introduces, in a legal sociological way, what kind of methods and in what proportion are applied by high courts in Hungary, and, mainly, by the Supreme Court of Hungary in the judicial practice.

Critical Perspectives on Evaluating the Corruption in the Republic of Moldova

This paper aims to bring critical opinions on the doctoral thesis of Mister Iurie Gaþcan, entitled „Corruption as a social phenomenon and the anti-corruption mechanisms (the case of the Republic of Moldova)”. The critical approach on the abovementioned paper was done from the perspective of an ethicist, fact which created a moment of reflection, referring to corruption, that Iurie Gaþcan sees both in a historical way, as a phenomenon of moral degradation of the society and the individuals, and in a sociological way, as a particular phenomenon “characteristic to the democratic organizations”. The author places corruption in the area of social reasoning by calling for the theory of functional bureaucracy proposed by Max Weber. This approach on corruption indisputably places it as a part of the social action. The emergence and development of corruption is correlated with anomia, rather being a dysfunction of the social system as a reversal of the normative area of the society.

COMPLEX SOCIOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF DEGREE OF PERSONAL SELF-REALIZATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THEORETICAL CONTRACTION

The focus of the author’s research interest is the development of complex sociological index, which allows to quantify the degree of personal self-realization. The article describes the experience of theoretical reflection and sociological index construction. The methodological and theoretical foundations that lay the basis for a meaningful understanding of the phenomenon of self-realization in a sociological way are considered. The logic of the author’s model based on subjective and objective indicators of self-realization in the key spheres of life is being cosistently revealed. The necessity of introduction of the logical system of filters that allows to confirm the occurrence (presence) of self-realization process itselfitself is proved.

Legal theory of Niklas Luhmann and the crisis of modern society

Review. The article introduces the basic concepts of system theory of law by Niklas Luhmann, such as communication, autopoiesis, normative expectations, legal / illegal code, the paradox of the legal system, the formula of uncertainty, and also suggests a critical analysis of the provisions of the system theory backed by the position of V.S. Nersesyants and lu. Habermas. N . Luhmann's consideration of communications through the prism of public relations reflects the subordination of human heartless logic of social systems in modern society. The fundamental paradox, which was noted by N. Luhmann, regarding the legal system turns into the dependence of law from political powers, which indicates the failure of the internal search system-forming factor of the legal system. The positivist approach threatens the systematicy of rules. The proposed by system theory understanding of justice does not help self-development of the legal system. The legal system has no purpose, human rights are considered from instrumental point of view as a means of smooth self-reproduction of social systems. In this approach, the further development of human rights for the sake of ensuring a decent standard of living seems undesirable distortion. Legal opinions of N. Luhmann express the crisis of modern society, where the right is gradually losing its relevance to everyday life. The main drawback of the Luhmann's system theory of law consists in reducing standards to the fact in a sociological way. Libertarian legal theory of V.S. Nersesyants seems more consistent application of the system approach to the study of law which overcomes the paradox of legal system due to the proper interpretation of regulations, thus solving the problem of self-justification of law. A legal rule can not be a fact because it is a theoretical model of positive law. Libertarian legal theory understands the legal norm not in the logical sense of the normative statements with a bunch of "should", but in a legal sense as a special form of obligation other than the structure of "if... then ... else ... " (hypothesis, disposition and sanction). Here, the positive law as a whole is conceptualized as one legal norm. This allows you to make system rules defined as a regulatory ideal, revealing the importance of the principle of formal equality as the backbone of the internal factors of the legal system