Way Of Energy Consumption Research Articles

Modelling of Prosumer Behaviour in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Environment Through Markov Chain Analysis

The emergence of distributed generation has become significant over the last few years, bringing several challenges to traditional grid-connected electricity distribution systems. Technical limitations of integrating these new renewable distributed generation to the existing electricity grid made new avenues to change the way of energy consumption, which converted traditional consumers to prosumers. Peer-to-peer energy trading platforms enable these prosumers to trade electricity with their neighbours in microgrids where new electricity markets emerge with new technologies. This research introduces a concept of peer-to-peer energy trading for grid-connected electricity distribution networks. In its initial phase, the study models prosumer load sharing for households equipped with solar PV and battery energy storage. This modelling employs a Markov chain, where energy share states are determined by parameters in a Markov transition probability matrix. These parameters are varied during different time intervals of the day, reflecting varying cost components under a Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff structure. This approach enables prosumers to meet their load demand cost-effectively, fostering engagement in peer-to-peer energy exchanges. The proposed Markov model is simulated with 15-minute spot pricing intervals, demonstrating effective management of prosumer load demands in the peer-to-peer market environment, showcasing the potential benefits of this innovative energy trading approach.

Construction of Z-Scheme In2S3-TiO2 for CO2 Reduction under Concentrated Natural Sunlight

Producing chemical fuels from sunlight enables a sustainable way for energy consumption. Among various solar fuel generation approaches, photocatalytic CO2 reduction has the advantages of simple structure, mild reaction condition, directly reducing carbon emissions, etc. However, most of the current photocatalytic systems can only absorb the UV-visible spectrum of solar light. Therefore, finding a way to utilize infrared light in the photocatalytic system has attracted more and more attention. Here, a Z-scheme In2S3-TiO2 was constructed for CO2 reduction under concentrated natural sunlight. The infrared light was used to create a high-temperature environment for photocatalytic reactions. The evolution rates of H2, CO, and C2H5OH reached 262.2, 73.9, and 27.56 µmol·h-1·g-1, respectively, with an overall solar to fuels efficiency of 0.002%. This work provides a composite photocatalyst towards the utilization of full solar light spectrum, and could promote the research on photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Analysis of the impact of energy consumption on regional agricultural economic growth based on panel data

Energy is an important resource for human survival and development. China has become the world’s second largest energy consumer, and its energy consumption growth rate ranks first in the world. With the rapid growth of China’s economy, such a way of energy consumption will inevitably hinder the rapid development of China’s economy in the long run, so it is necessary to improve China’s energy consumption way. In order to explore the impact of energy consumption on regional agricultural economic growth, improve the negative impact of unscientific energy consumption, and improve the level of regional economic development, this paper takes three regions as the research object to study the relationship between energy consumption and economic development. The research results show that there is no one-way or two-way causality in Type I areas with high economic development and high energy consumption, no matter in the short-term or long-term; in Type II areas with high economic development and low consumption, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption and economic development in the short term. In the long run, economic growth is a one-way causal relationship. In Type III regions with slow economic growth and low energy consumption, only the single causal relationship between long-term energy consumption and economic development is less than 10% significant. This suggests that the long- and short-term causality between energy consumption and economic development varies across regions. Therefore, in order to coordinate regional economic development and narrow regional gaps, it is necessary to formulate appropriate regional energy consumption policies and strategies.

Review on Energy Conservation of Construction Machinery for Pumping Concrete

The excessive consumption of fossil fuel, energy shortage and global warming along with environmental deterioration have increasingly become a global issue. In order to deal with the energy crisis, energy conservation has been developed and applied in vehicles and construction machineries, i.e., excavators, loaders and forklifts. Due to the shortcoming of low efficiency, high-energy consumption and bad exhaust, the energy conservation of construction machinery for pumping concrete is necessary and urgent. This paper aims to carry out a review on energy conservation of construction machinery for pumping concrete. The research methodology comprises a quantitative analysis method and literature investigation method. First, the structure and working principle of construction machinery for pumping concrete are expounded, and energy consumption ways of construction machinery for pumping concrete are analyzed. Then, research developments in the energy conservation of construction machinery for pumping concrete are summarized. Finally, challenges with the energy conservation of construction machinery for pumping concrete are presented.

Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system under the background of carbon neutrality

In the face of global warming, reducing carbon dioxide emissions has become a common concern. Integrated energy system (IES) is considered to be a supporting technology to increase the proportion of clean energy use and achieve goals of carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality. By introducing carbon neutral costs and demand response into scheduling strategy, the carbon emission and the economy of IES system operation is optimized in the proposed optimal scheduling. First, modeling of the demand response considering the transferable load and replaceable load, as well as reducible load, is established for guiding users to change their energy consumption ways. Then Structure and components of IES are discussed. Later, the article presents the IES carbon emissions calculation method and model of carbon neutrality cost. Finally, the day ahead optimal scheduling of the IES considering the demand response (DR) and carbon neutrality cost is proposed. The results show that the proposed model is effective in balancing low carbon and economy. Comparative results of different carbon neutralization adjustment coefficients shows that total operating cost as well as carbon emissions is reduced with increasing clean energy penetration and setting moderate carbon neutralization cost coefficients. By adjusting the participation of clean energy, the system cost can be effectively reduced by 48.6%. By adjusting the carbon neutralization cost coefficients, the overall carbon emission can be reduced by 282 kg.

Optimal Design Model for a Residential PV Storage System an Application to the Spanish Case

Self-consumption of photovoltaic energy is being promoted as an effective way for energy consumption in residential households. The European Directive 944/2019 promotes the use of green energy and battery energy storage systems (BESS) for self-consumption and, in Spain, the 244/2019 Royal Decree of the Spanish electrical regulatory framework allows the self-consumption of energy with a photovoltaic (PV) facility for residential use, as well as the injection of the surplus energy into the grid for which compensation will be received. At the same time, new developments in PV and BESS technologies reduce the costs of facilities, a fact that can increase the profitability of self-consumption through PV energy. This study evaluates the profitability of a household PV facility with BESS using a model based on real market prices, hourly data from user smart meters, and their own location; especially, the model gives the best configuration of PV panels power and BESS capacity. The financial indicators taken as reference for the results and conclusions are the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Investment Return (IR). Our method examines also the effect of the BESS and PV panel costs on the profitability of the facility. Unlike other studies, our model is based on actual (not simulated) demand and price data, and it can be easily extended to other locations and market prices.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Office Building Energy Consumption Based on Improved Multi-index

In view of the imperfection in the selection of energy consumption characteristics and energy conservation evaluation methods, this paper proposes an energy consumption analysis and energy conservation evaluation method suitable for office buildings. Through the analysis of office building energy consumption monitoring layer data, establishing standard of building energy consumption data sets, including office building day by day, month by month, year after year way of energy consumption and heating and cooling is analyzed, and aiming at the problem of building energy efficiency evaluation index weights are difficult to determine the, combined with the feature of energy consumption was proposed to build multiple indexes comprehensive evaluation of energy consumption. Through the example of office building, the evaluation results are verified, which proves that this method can evaluate the energy consumption of buildings reasonably and feasible, and provides a new idea for the comprehensive evaluation of building energy conservation.

Modeling and Prediction of New Energy Use

This paper looks into clean energy consumption in the four states of California (CA), Arizona (AZ), New Mexico (NM) and Texas (TX) by analyzing and comparing the methods of energy consumption, the similarity and difference of their energy composition and the causes for it, and finding out the state with the optimal ways of energy consumption, and based on it, predicts the future energy composition of these states and proposes a target for interstate energy convention. And through multiple regression analysis, and the corresponding indicators of the methods of energy consumption in these states, we compare the ways of new energy consumption in these states, and analyze the difference from the perspective of industries and geographies in these states, which prepares necessary reference for the following modeling. After some basic analysis of the data, we establish a multi-attribute decision making to find a state with optimal composition of energies through the five indicators of energy composition, volume of clean energy consumption etc; and based on the analysis, we find the different characteristics of energy consumption in these states. Then we set up a GM (1, 1) model to make prediction based on the data of energy consumption of the near 20 years and project energy consumption of the four states in 2025 and 2050. By means of multi-attribute decision making, we find out the state with optimal energy composition, and propose a target of the energy convention based on a two-year clean energy consumption in this state. After analyzing the difference of energy consumption methods in these four states, and in order to coordinate and integrate energy production and consumption in these states, we propose the 6 suggestions for action. In addition to the multiple regression analysis, multi-attribute decision making for the analysis of the energy consumption in these four states, principal component analysis also plays an important role. This method helps to find the significance of different ways of energy consumption, figure out the current and future energy consumption in these four states, and the state with optimal energy consumption method. Finally, by means of comparing with different models, we have nearly the same conclusion: CA is a state with optimal energy combination and has best practice for future development. There in projecting the 2025 and 2050 energy consumption, we can use CA as a reference state and set such as the target for energy convention between these four states.

Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotube on carbon/carbon composites before and after heat treatment

Different contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in situ grown on the surface of carbon fiber bundles by injection chemical vapor deposition. The fibers were then stacked into unidirectional preforms and densified by pyrocarbon (PyC) via chemical vapor infiltration. The effects of CNT on the strength and toughness of carbon/carbon composites (C/Cs) before and after heat treatment at 2100 ℃ were investigated. Results show that both the tensile strength and work of fracture achieves the optimum performance when the CNT content is 1.5 wt%. After heat treatment, the tensile strength increases by 25.68% for CNT reinforced C/Cs (CNTs-C/Cs), while only 4.36% for pure C/Cs. The refinement effect of CNT promotes the resistance of PyC matrix against destruction and makes it maintain the structural integrity and continuity even after heat treatment. Before heat treatment, the presence of CNT results in a decreased in-plane lattice size (La) compared with pure C/Cs. while interestingly, after heat treatment, La becomes larger due to the stress graphitization of CNT. The stress graphitization induced by CNT gives the carbon matrix a stronger ability to resist crack propagation, thereby enhancing the strength of the C/Cs. In addition, the existence of CNT changes the fracture mode of the C/Cs and increases the way of energy consumption during the tensile test. Thus, both fibers and the interface of the composites are fully utilized.

Ductile to brittle transition in ultra-micro-grinding (UMG) of hard brittle crystal material

In this study, ductile to brittle transition in ultra-micro-grinding (UMG) of hard brittle material is investigated. The characteristics of UMG process are studied, and differences between UMG and micro-grinding (MG) are investigated. The grain penetration depth considering rotary deviation is calculated, grain invalid cutting phenomenon is discussed, and the critical condition for grain invalid cutting is given. In order to reveal the mechanism of material removal and study the special characteristics of UMG, a fracture energy model considering the energy consumption ways is built. A series of UMG and MG experiments are performed, and rotary deviation during the experiment is measured. The relationship between rotary deviation and machining parameters is revealed, and the variation process of edge fracture size with the changing parameter is discussed. The disappearance of the general law that fracture size on down grinding edge bigger than up grinding edge is observed, and the weakened twice fracture size soaring phenomenon is also found. Penetration depth 0.67 nm is found to be the critical value for ductile to brittle transition in UMG, which is 0.67 times of the critical value in MG. Besides, parameters for condition when extra energy Ee is completely used to remove the material, and when Ee is used to extend the contour of the slot are experimentally obtained, the experiment result proves the effectiveness of the fracture energy model. The fracture model in this study is not only anticipated to be practical to provide a deeper understanding of the UMG process but also expected to be meaningful to optimize the grinding parameters in UMG.

Green Synthesis of Ag and Au Nanoparticles from Micro and Macro Algae - Review

The production of nanostructures, nanocomposites and modified nanostructures for water remediation will increase because of the need for producing clean water in fast and low energy consumption ways. Nanoparticles are widely used various fields such as electronics, cosmetics, water purification, biomedical, and biotechnology. Nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical methods, chemical and biological methods. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using biological agents have gained much attention in the area of nanotechnology in last few decades because of cost effective, nontoxic, and ecofriendly. Algae have been used to reduce metal ions and subsequently for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The present review is devoted to the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis using alga extract. The important advantages of these biological systems are an ecofriendly, economical, high-yielding, expeditious and energy-efficient method. This review is mainly focused on recent progress on the utilization of algae of various classes, for the synthesis of Silver and Gold nanoparticles, their characterization and possible mechanisms.

Collaborative Emission Reduction Model Based on Multi-Objective Optimization for Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants.

CO2 emission influences not only global climate change but also international economic and political situations. Thus, reducing the emission of CO2, a major greenhouse gas, has become a major issue in China and around the world as regards preserving the environmental ecology. Energy consumption from coal, oil, and natural gas is primarily responsible for the production of greenhouse gases and air pollutants such as SO2 and NOX, which are the main air pollutants in China. In this study, a mathematical multi-objective optimization method was adopted to analyze the collaborative emission reduction of three kinds of gases on the basis of their common restraints in different ways of energy consumption to develop an economic, clean, and efficient scheme for energy distribution. The first part introduces the background research, the collaborative emission reduction for three kinds of gases, the multi-objective optimization, the main mathematical modeling, and the optimization method. The second part discusses the four mathematical tools utilized in this study, which include the Granger causality test to analyze the causality between air quality and pollutant emission, a function analysis to determine the quantitative relation between energy consumption and pollutant emission, a multi-objective optimization to set up the collaborative optimization model that considers energy consumption, and an optimality condition analysis for the multi-objective optimization model to design the optimal-pole algorithm and obtain an efficient collaborative reduction scheme. In the empirical analysis, the data of pollutant emission and final consumption of energies of Tianjin in 1996–2012 was employed to verify the effectiveness of the model and analyze the efficient solution and the corresponding dominant set. In the last part, several suggestions for collaborative reduction are recommended and the drawn conclusions are stated.

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY REGENERATIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM

The world is demanding for alternative way of energy consumption for vehicle usage. The energy efficient vehicle (EEV) is one of the advancement for future land transportation that known as hybrid and electric vehicles nowadays. The vehicles use different energy other than fuel which is electric energy. This paper emphasizes the development of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension system (EReSS) as a system that harvests energy from the vibration of vehicle suspension system. The harvested energy is converted to electrical energy for vehicle usage. A prototype of electromagnetic EReSS is fabricated and laboratory experimentation on test rig is conducted to test the voltage output. It is observed that the EReSS can harvest the wasted energy from the vibration and produce sufficient electric energy for the vehicle electrical and electronic usage. The number of windings of the coil and diameter of the coil affect the voltage output of the EReSS. The voltage output of the EReSS can be optimized by setting up the parameters. As the EReSS is proven to harvest energy, it can be used on hybrid and electric vehicle to improve the efficiency of the vehicle and reduce the fuel consumption.

Study on super-harmonic resonance for gear transmission based on teeth surface friction

Gear backlash and time-varying nonlinear meshing stiffness are the key design attributes of modern warship planetary gear transmission. The transmission prominent concern is teeth surface friction dynamics affect behavior and way. Therefore, the change of direction in meshing process, teeth surface friction will generate a larger oscillation, excitation response and energy consumption ways to affect dynamic characteristics of planetary gear transmission, which makes response range, dynamic behaviors more complex. Gear model and multi scale equations for transmission are established, analyzing incentive role teeth surface friction when considering dynamic and static load on influence law of gear resonance frequency response.

Results of Multi Comfort Building Designing

This article is dedicated to the project of elementary school building in Gaziantep, Turkey. Particular interest in the construction of energy-effective buildings, appeared in last years, stipulate relevance and importance of this work. The main of the article is to describe the project and to estimate it from the point of energy-efficiency.Architectural and constructional decisions were also substantiated in the work and special attention was put on the possibility of reaching target values of energy-efficiency criteria by using different ways of energy consumption reduction.As the conclusion, it could be said that the building belongs to the highest class of energy-efficiency.

Applications of graphene for energy storage and conversion

Nowadays the increasing consumption of fossil fuel and the increasing pollution drive people to look for clean alternative energy resources, energy storage methods and efficient energy consumption ways. Since high-quality graphene was obtained in 2004, it has attracted much interest. Due to its extraordinary properties, graphene has many potential applications in energy storage and conversion. Herein, we review recent progress of these fields, including applications in energy storage such as supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries, and energy conversion apparatus like fuel cells and solar cells.

Global Energy Consumption Rates: Where is the Limit?

In this paper, energy consumption by the mankind is considered as a global process within the system of Sun-Earth-cosmic environment. The upper limit for the energy consumption rate is estimated, provided that the thermodynamic equilibrium in this system is retained. This viewpoint leads to the following principles of energy consumption: (i) the energy should be consumed from the renewable sources only; (ii) the amount of the consumed energy should not exceed the amount of energy coming to the Earth. Three major sources of the renewable energy are considered: a direct incoming solar irradiation, a chemical energy due to products of photosynthesis and, finally, an outgoing infrared (IR) radiation from the Earth as a heated body. It is shown that only the first source gives the most effective way of energy consumption from the viewpoint of the global energy conversion. The ranges of materials suitable for construction of energy converters from the last source are briefly reviewed. It is discussed that the proper use of the outgoing IR radiation on the large scale can be helpful in controlling the climate changes. It is shown that the energy consumption rate which meets the global thermodynamic balance and expected technical facilities cannot exceed a limit of 10 14 W, which is approximately an order higher of the contemporary rate of energy consumption by the mankind. The conclusion is made that we should learn how to restrict the energy consumption rate in the near future.

Evolution of Passive Technology in Lhasa Residential Building

With the rapid urban development of Lhasa in Tibet Autonomous Region, the traditional houses are losing gradually, while a great variety of city housing are springing up all over the city. Spatial patterns of city housing don’t blindly imitate commercial housing in most other cities in china, but have unique characteristics, such as building direction, functional layout, hole set, building construction and so on. The paper selects four types of Lhasa housing, rural traditional dwelling house, low-income apartment, detached house and multi-storey house, to analysis application of passive technology in detail and sums up three developing stages of passive technology in Lhasa area. On the basis, the paper discusses major factors about evolution of passive technology, that they are changes of spatial patterns, structure system and way of energy consumption. In the end, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the passive technology application in new city housing.

Near Infrared Broadband Emission from Bismuth–DysprosiumCodoped Chalcohalide Glasses

We investigate the broadband infrared emission of bismuth doped andbismuth/dysprosium codoped chalcohalide glasses. It is found that thebismuth/dysprosium codoping can drastically enhance the fluorescence ascompared with either bismuth or dysprosium doped glasses. Meanwhile,the full width at half maximum of bismuth/dysprosium codoped glasses isover 170 nm, which is the largest value among all the reportedrare-earth doped chalcohalide glasses. An ideal way for energyconsumption between bismuth and dysprosium ions is supposed. Suchimproved gain spectra of both bismuth and dysprosium ions may havepotential applications in developing broadband fibre amplifiers.