Wax Paper Research Articles

An origami microfluidic paper device based on core-shell Cu@Cu2S@N-doped carbon hollow nanocubes

BackgroudThe global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a serious chronic disease with fatal consequences for millions annually, is of utmost concern. The development of efficient and simple devices for monitoring glucose levels is of utmost significance in managing diabetes. The advancement of nanotechnology has resulted in the indispensable utilization of advanced nanomaterials in high-performance glucose sensors. Modulating the morphology and intricate composition of transition metals represents a viable approach to exploit their structure/function correlation, thereby achieving optimal electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts. ResultsHerein, a sensitive and rapid Cu-encapsulated Cu2S@nitrogen-doped carbon (Cu@Cu2S@N–C) hollow nanocubes-functionalized microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) was fabricated. Through a delicate sacrificial template/interface technique and thermal decomposition, inter-connected hollow networks were formed to boost the active sites, and the carbon shell was coated to protect Cu from being oxidation. For application, the constructed μ-PAD is used for glucose sensing utilizing an origami automated sample pretreatment system enabled by a simple application of strong alkaline solution on wax paper. Under optimal circumstances, the Cu@Cu2S@N–C electrochemical biosensor exhibits broad detection range of 2–7500 μM (R2 = 0.996) with low detection limit of 0.16 μM (S/N = 3) and high sensitivity of 1996 μA mM−1 cm−2. Additionally, the constructed μ-PAD also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. SignificanceBy rationally designing the double-shell hollow nanostructure and introducing Cu-encapsulated inner layer, the synthesized Cu@Cu2S@N–C hollow nanocubes show large specific surface area, short diffusion channels, and high stability. The proposed origami μ-PAD has been successfully applied to serum samples without any additional sample preparation steps for glucose determination, offering a new perspective for early nonenzymatic glucose diagnosis.

Development and characterization of cranberry pomace extract incorporated and vitamin E fortified edible films as an edible separation sheet for fruit leather.

The separation sheets for fruit leather are traditionally made of plastic film or wax paper, which not only leads to environmental issues but also is inconvenience to consumers. This study evaluated edible fruit leather separation sheets using food polymers, including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and incorporation of cranberry pomace water extract (CPE) for providing natural fruit pigment, flavor, and phenolics. HPMCCPE film was then further improved by incorporating hydrophobic compound (oleic acid, OA) and vitamin E (VE) via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) Pickering emulsion (CNCP) for enhancing film hydrophobicity and nutritional benefit, respectively. The CNCP-HPMCCPE film exhibited reduced water vapor permeability (∼0.033gmm/m2dPa) compared to HPMCCPE film (∼0.59gmm/m2dPa) and had the least change in mass and moisture content when wrapping fruit leather for up to 2 weeks of ambient storage. The fruit leather wrapped by CNCP-HPMCCPE film showed lower weight change than those by films without CNCP due to low mass transfer between film and fruit leather. CNCP resulted in controlled release of VE into a food simulating solvent (ethanol). The developed colorful and edible fruit leather separation sheet satisfied the increased market demands on sustainable food packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Colorful and flavorful edible films made of edible polymers, fruit pomace water extract, and emulsified hydrophobic compounds with vitamin E were created. The films have the satisfactory performance to replace the conventional fruit leather separation sheet made of plastic or wax paper. The edible films can be eaten with packaged fruit leather for not only reducing packaging waste but also providing convenience and nutritional benefit to consumers. These functional edible films may also be utilized to package other food products for promoting packaging sustainability and nutritional benefit.

A Novel PDMS-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Fabricated by Ag2Se and PEDOT:PSS/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with High Output Performance Optimized by Embedded Eutectic Gallium-Indium Electrodes.

Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs), which can overcome the energy supply limitations of wearable devices, have received considerable attention. However, the use of toxic Te-based materials and fracture-prone electrodes constrains the application of FTEGs. In this study, a novel Ag2Se and Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) FTEG with a high output performance and good flexibility is developed. The thermoelectric columns formulated in the work are environmentally friendly and reliable. The key enabler of this work is the use of embedded EGaIn electrodes, which increase the temperature difference collected by the thermoelectric column, thereby improving the FTEG output performance. Additionally, the embedded EGaIn electrodes could be directly printed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds without wax paper, which simplifies the preparation process of FTEGs and enhances the fabrication efficiency. The FTEG with embedded electrodes exhibits the highest output power density of 25.83 μW/cm2 and the highest output power of 10.95 μW at ΔT = 15 K. The latter is 31.6% higher than that of silver-based FTEGs and 2.5% higher than that of covered EGaIn-based FTEGs. Moreover, the prepared FTEG has an excellent flexibility (>1500 bends) and output power stability (>30 days). At high humidity and high temperature, the prepared FTEG maintains good performance. These results demonstrate that the prepared FTEGs can be used as a stable and environmentally friendly energy supply for wearable devices.

EVALUATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF THE LIPS IN A PORTION OF THE POPULATION

The objective of this research was to identify the morphological patterns of the furrows in lip prints, of the commissures and the thickness of the lips through a cheiloscopic study, as well as correlating them with the individual characteristics of each volunteer, like for instance, gender, age, and body mass index. The sample was made up of 1,016 volunteers that were patients being attended to at the clinics of the Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (FOP/UPE). To begin with, height (cm) and weight (kg) were measured, followed by a calculation of body mass index on an individual basis. Lip prints were obtained using wax paper, measuring the thickness of the lips, and two photographs were taken to analyze the arrangement of the lips. In relation to the lip arrangement, the horizontal form was the most prevalent in the population studied (59.6%). In terms of classification of lip thickness, the standard most found amongst upper lips was that of thin (60.4%) and for lower lips was that of thick (40.6%). It was also found that the percentage of people who were classified as having thin lips, both upper and lower, increased as the age ranges went up. According to the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification, type II was the most found and type V was the least found amongst the whole group, presenting variations in relation to the sub quadrants and gender. It can be concluded that from the analysis of the studied variables, we can identify the morphological standards, as well as their correlations with the other individual characteristics, with Cheiloscopy being an important tool in helping with human identification.

Effect of Packaging type on the Quality of Tomato Dodol During Storage

This study discusses the effect of the type of packaging on the quality of Tomato Dodol during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of packaging on the quality of tomato lunkhead during storage using different types of packaging, namely plastic, corn husks, and wax paper. This type of research is pure experimental research using a completely randomized design (CRD) method and three repetitions. the data was analyzed using ANOVA, if Fcount > Ftable then the test will be continuedDuncan. The results of the study showed that the average was almost the same for each treatment and there was no significant effect on the use of the type of packaging, both in terms of shape, texture and color quality. There was no significant difference in the quality of the aroma on the first and fifth days for the three types of packaging, but on the eighth day the corn husk husks (X2) had an effect on the quality of the aroma, with an average value of 1 category without tomato flavor. and packaging with the best aroma was produced by plastic (X1) with an average of 3.13 in the tomato flavored category. then on the taste quality, the packaging did not affect the tomato dodol on the first and fifth days while on the eighth day the type of packaging that had an effect was corn husks with an average value of 0. on the eighth day of storage the tomato dodol packaged corn husks could no longer be consumed. From the overall average the best type of packaging that can maintain the quality of tomato lunkhead during storage is plastic packaging (X1)

Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Fault Diagnosis in Spur Gear

Abstract: Gear roll tester is used to measure and analyse accuracy and errors in spur gears. Gear testing is a technique that has been used in the gear industry to identify possible manufacturing defects in the design of the gear. It is a practical, fast, and effective screening tool that can identify when the gear manufacturing process has deviated from an targeted condition. Therefore, in the present paper it was decided to develop a gear roll tester to analyse effects of different types of defects in gear on its functional performance like run out, misalignments, profile errors, noise, vibration ,pitch errors and backlash,etc. This Gear tester is used to test the error in the gear. This Experimental setup Consisting of two spindles mounted on two carriages. One spindle mounted on fixed carriage and other on sliding carriage. one master gear is fixed in one spindle and another testing gear (faulty gear) is fixed in the second spindle. They can slide both side and these gears are mounted in mesh with each other by spring pressure. When the meshed gears are rotated, the moment of sliding carriage can be measured by the digital dial indicator. These values of variation are deflected by the dial indicator. The spindles can be adjusted so that axial distance is equal and scale is attached to one side. If errors occur in the tooth form moment of carriage due to the error in the pitch and tooth thickness. This moment is indicated in the dial gauge. And the vibration of this faulty gears can be shown by graphical representation using wax paper

Effect of four-layer dressing on the microbiological profile of venous leg ulcer

Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is a chronic disease and has periods of exacerbation and remission. Various bandage systems-single-layered, double-layered and multiple-layered with elastic and non-elastic components-have been developed. The requirement for sustained pressure brought about the introduction of the four-layer bandage. We studied the bacteriology of VLUs and the effect of four-layer bandages on their healing. Clinical details of all patients, with wound size measurement by gauze piece, wax paper and scale, were recorded. The wounds were initially debrided and photographic records of all patients were maintained. Patients were followed up every week, when the dressings and four-layer bandages were changed. A total of 60 patients were recruited to the study with four patients having bilateral disease and so a total of 64 VLUs were evaluated. Of these, 60 (93.8%) healed completely, one (1.6%) healed partially and three (4.7%) did not heal. After excluding the four VLUs that did not fully heal, 10 (16.7%) had recurrence while 50 (83.3%) had no recurrence in the follow-up period, which lasted for one year. During the first visit (baseline), meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated in 29 (45.31%) VLUs and Pseudomonas spp. in 20 (31.25%) VLUs. With subsequent dressing, the VLU size decreased and the culture of the VLU was sterile from the third culture onwards in 45 cases. There was a significant correlation (p<0.001) between VLU size and the number of dressings. Compression therapy is the mainstay of treatment of VLU, with rapid healing and improvement in bacteriological profile. Compression in the range of 30-40mmHg is the most effective treatment for uncomplicated VLUs with adequate arterial competency.

Morphometry of the patellar tendon using a simple tracing method: a gold standard for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is mostly damaged in sporting activities. To reconstruct the damaged ACL, a patellar tendon (PT) is often the most preferred graft due to its fast healing and bone integration i.e. bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Suitability of the PT often depends on the morphometric profile of the tendon. This study reported on the harvestable surface area (SA) of the tendon using a simple tracing method. The PT of 79 adult formalin-fixed cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were dissected, and the margins of the PT were traced on a wax paper before the tracings were scanned. The SA, straight proximal width (SPW), curved proximal width (CPW), straight distal width (SDW), curved distal width (CDW) and length of tendon (LOT) from the digitized image of the PT was measured. In addition, the length of the lower limbs was measured to normalize the measurements. The results showed no significant side differences, and the measurements were not sexually dimorphic. A strong correlation was reported for SA vs. LOT, SPW vs. CPW and SDW vs. CDW for both sexes and sides. The presented morphological profile provides additional information on the usability of the graft and with respect to healing and recovery.

Morphometry of the harvestable surface area of quadriceps tendon using a simple tracing method: A common ACL autograft

Several tendons can be used as autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the choice often depends on the surgeons’ preferences. The quadriceps tendon is a commonly used autograft. This study presented, for the first time, the morphometry of the harvestable area of the QT using a simple tracing method. Adult cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were carefully dissected to expose the tendon. Then the tendon outline (premarked to enhance visibility) was then traced on a firmly secured wax paper which assumed the curvature of the tendon in situ. The tracing was then scanned (with its inscribed scale bar) and the morphometrics were measured on the digitized images using an imageJ software. The limb length was also measured in order to normalize all the measurements. Despite the observable difference in the surface area of the quadriceps tendon in each individual, there was no significant difference. For the other measurements, there were no side or sex differences except for the straight distal width which is sexually dimorphic. Some paired parameters showed a strong correlation but the correlation between the limb length and other measurements was weak. These data will be useful for pre-operative planning of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and will shed more light into the usability of the quadriceps tendon as a graft with respect to healing at the donor site and the return of knee function.

Effects of Bagging of the Panicles of Philippine Carabao Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Using Waxed Paper Bags

The present study was conducted in Brgy. Dangcol, Balanga City, Bataan to evaluate the effect of bagging the whole panicle (cluster) of carabao mango fruit with waxed paper bag as compared to traditional method of bagging and without bagging in terms of fruit yield and quality as well as in cost-benefit analysis. Results revealed that fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper (T3) obtained the highest number of marketable fruits (130.60) and highest total weight of 34.21 kg while the number and weight of XL fruits with no bag (T1) were significantly higher as compared to those bagged in cluster using waxed paper (T3). Insect damage was observed in fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) while there is a scab in fruit with no bag (T1). Meanwhile, there is a wind scar observed in the two bagging methods (conventional bagging method and fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag). All bagging treatments were comparable in terms of physical and chemical characteristics except for peel color which is lighter green in bagged fruits. In terms of income, mango fruits bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3) had the highest gross income of PhP 3,056.27 while the highest net income and ROI was recorded in fruits bagged in conventional method (T2) earning PhP 616.09 per tree with 27.23% ROI. The conventional method (T2) also obtained the lowest cost per tree (PhP 2,262.36) while the lowest cost per kilogram (PhP 73.05) and cost per fruit (PhP 19.14) was recorded in mango trees bagged per cluster using waxed paper bag (T3).

Big Girls

Big Girls D.J. Thielke (bio) It being her birthday and a Friday, Bethany's mother talks her into swinging by Taco Bell after school. "You love Taco Bell," her mom reminds her as they pull into the parking lot. She's been doing that a lot, telling Bethany the things she loves in a goading, slightly baffled voice: you love Taco Bell, you love school, you love your Aunt Meryl! Aunt Meryl—who's sitting in the front even though it's Bethany's birthday—makes a face. "You love that dog food?" she says. But does that stop Aunt Meryl from shouldering her way through the door and up to the counter first? Ever since Aunt Meryl moved in with them a few months ago, Bethany's mom keeps saying how they need to be patient, gentle. "Your aunt's fragile right now," she says, but Aunt Meryl doesn't seem fragile; it seems as though fragile things should run, squealing porcelain peeps of terror, from big, blundering Aunt Meryl. Inside, the décor is comforting in the repetition: everywhere the pink and purple and yellow colors, everywhere the bell bursting free. Bethany orders and heads for a booth. She feels better in the booth: the table hiding most of her, the wide plastic bench with plenty of room, and she can put her backpack next to her, blocking anyone's view. Her mom and aunt arrive with the tray, the tacos in their wax paper stacked in their cheerleader pyramid, the strings of cheese on Meryl's Mexican pizza like prostrated stick figures, volcanic sacrifices. Bethany accepts her three burritos, starts in on the first. The first bite is mostly the crimped edges of overlapping tortilla folds, but the next bite is chaos, the goopey explosion peeking out below her teeth marks, and then she stops paying attention to each bite, lulled into the comforting stupor of the in and in and in of food. "So," her mom says, "your first day as a fourteen-year-old." She does a squirmy happy dance in her seat. "How was school?" She takes a bite of a soft taco and smiles at Bethany over the translucent spiked lettuce poking over the top. Bethany takes another bite of burrito so she doesn't have to answer and shrugs into the silence. In homeroom that day, J.C. Young, who sits behind Bethany, started kicking the sides of her butt that hang over the chair. She took the first time as an accident, but the white noses of his sneakers reappeared and batted—one, two, left, right—at her again. When she still didn't do anything, he pretended to pass her butt back and forth between his feet. J.C.'s a soccer player. Really good, apparently. Once, Bethany imagined Future Bethany saying in a speech, a bully toed my butt as if I were a soccer ball. This is how Bethany gets through stuff like J.C. —by thinking about what Future Bethany would say. Because Future Bethany? Future Bethany is great. More than great. Amazing. Future Bethany is always receiving an award or being interviewed, always smiling and explaining exactly what crap real Bethany is having to live through. When Future Bethany tells the story of J.C., the crowd gasps, boos— maybe J.C. is even in the audience, slumping down in his seat, feet twitching with shame. [End Page 64] I was so fat, Future Bethany explains, he put his feet on either side of me and jiggled, making motor sounds, pretending I was a boat. Again the crowd shakes their collective, sorrowful heads; again Future Bethany just smiles. Because there's nothing wrong with saying you were fat when you aren't fat anymore; nothing to be ashamed of when you look the way Bethany will look and have done the things Bethany will do. "Well, what do you know," her mom interrupts. She's smiling and pointing up. Bethany looks up, sees nothing, looks back at her mother, her insistent smile. "The song," her mom says. "Sounds familiar, doesn't it?" It's an INez song—a singer/songwriter Bethany likes okay. INez is...

Design and Manufacture of a Reusable Biscuit Environmental Protection Packaging Box for Storing and Preserving Food

Biscuit is a common food in life. Because it is convenient to eat, it has become a standing food for snacks, afternoon tea and so on. Nowadays, the biscuit industry is developing continuously, and its market competitiveness is becoming stronger and stronger. There are a variety of biscuit packaging types in the market. The common types of biscuit packaging include plastic film sealed packaging, wax paper packaging, carton packaging and tin packaging, which have their own advantages, However, in the process of use, the disadvantages are also obvious. Although the iron box packaging can be reused, it is easy to deform and inconvenient to take biscuits. Plastic film sealed packaging, wax paper packaging and carton packaging are not only easy to deform and have a low reuse rate, which is not conducive to environmental protection. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a method with good sealing effect and convenient biscuits is proposed, Reusable biscuit environmental protection packaging box for storing and preserving food.

Development of an antimicrobial coating containing nisin and pectin for deli meat turkey bologna

Training alone cannot stop the spread of L. monocytogenes; antimicrobial packaging using nisin is an excellent approach to control this microorganism. While research indicates that progress is being made towards the commercialization of nisin-based films, there is still a gap between what can be done in research laboratories and what current packaging companies are capable of or willing to do. After 7 days, levels of nisin were observed for coating A and coating B in polymer (PA: 2617.83 IU/mL, PB: 1699 IU/mL) and wax paper (WA: 1075 IU/mL, WB: 1699 IU/mL) using the agar well diffusion method. For the spot on lawn, 2291IU/mL levels of nisin were observed on PA, WA, PB, WB. Findings from our current research suggest that the developed coatings demonstrated antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes. All treatments (PA, WA, PB and WB) were statistically different from treatment C (control) in the reduction of L. monocytogenes. All treatments had a range of two to four log reduction compared with control over 63 days. The developed coatings were food safe, colorless and within the commercial range for viscosity and percent solids.

Laserjet Printed Micro/Nano Sensors and Microfluidic Systems: A Simple and Facile Digital Platform for Inexpensive, Flexible, and Low‐Volume Devices

AbstractA facile and digital do‐it‐yourself technique is proposed to fabricate inexpensive sensors on flexible substrates (paper, cloth, and plastic film). A set of office‐grade equipment (i.e., laserjet printer, thermal laminator, computer‐aided paper cutter), and commercially available supplies (i.e., baking wax paper, furniture restoration metal‐leaf) are used. Forming electrodes through traditional printing and defining a fluidic confinement region through crafting practice enable fabrication of a wide range of devices without requiring customized specialty instruments, costly infrastructure, and complicated fabrication steps, unlike previously introduced methods. Three different levels of experiments are designed to assess the comprehensiveness and responsiveness of the proposed method to the needs of existing research fields. The performances of the fabricated features at each level are evaluated to cover various application domains in environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics utilizing conductometric, colorimetric, biochemical, and chemoresistive detection principles. Devices with varying size of features, from nanometers to centimeters, are fabricated and characterized. This method provides an alternative route to decentralized production of low‐cost flexible sensors and other devices, with a minimal step, time, and facilities. The operation of such devices is simple and can be further empowered by smartphones for data analysis and transmission.

Inundation: Contemporary Art and Climate Change in the Pacific

Reviewed by: Inundation: Contemporary Art and Climate Change in the Pacific Maggie Wander Inundation: Contemporary Art and Climate Change in the Pacific. Exhibition, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Art Gallery, Honolulu, 19 January–28 February 2020. Exhibition catalog available at inundation.org. Inundation: Contemporary Art and Climate Change in the Pacific opened in January 2020 at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (uhm) Art Gallery. Curated by Jaimey Hamilton Faris, uhm associate professor of art history and affiliate faculty of the uhm Center for Pacific Islands Studies, the exhibition featured the work of Mary Babcock, Kaili Chun, DAKOgamay, Joy Lehuanani Enomoto, James Jack, Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner, Charles Lim, and Angela Tiatia. It also featured multimedia excerpts from Christina Gerhardt’s upcoming book project and a robust program of artist talks, symposia, and a local iteration of the community-based art project High-WaterLine, initiated by Gerhardt and co-organized with Adele Balderston of 88 Block Walks. A climate justice perspective drove the exhibition, which focused on rising sea levels in the Pacific Ocean as a result of global anthropogenic climate change. The opening wall label explained that the exhibition reimagined the ocean not (only) as a threat but as an “immersive, powerful, energetic, and undulating space of sensation and connection.” This was the aim of Tiatia’s video works Lick and Holding On (2015), which greeted viewers as they entered the gallery. In Lick, Tiatia lies down on a stone platform that protrudes into the ocean, waves splashing onto the artist’s prone form as the tide gets higher. This intimate interaction between the artist’s body and the water reflects the centuries-long relationship Pacific Islander communities have had with the ocean—a relationship built on trust and partnership rather than one that only leads to catastrophe. In a small room around the corner from Tiatia’s films was Sounding (2020) by Jetn̄il-Kijiner and Enomoto. To enter the room, viewers had to weave their way through a curtain of pandanus baskets hanging from the ceiling. In the center of the space hung a sounding line, a long piece of cord with a metal weight at the end, which was historically used to determine the depth of the ocean floor by measuring sonic waves. Today, the sounding line has been replaced by sonar technologies used by the US military and mining companies. The resulting sound pollution has devastating effects on marine life, an issue addressed on the far side of the small room, where a large depiction of a humpback whale stretched across the wall. The whale’s body was constructed out of paper cutouts from official reports on the impact of military activity and sound pollution on whale populations in the Pacific Ocean. To counteract the sound of militarism and mineral extraction, a recording of Jetn̄il-Kijiner’s voice filled the room as she recited “Beached,” a new poem written for this piece. James Jack also engaged with the impact of US militarism on oceanic environments in Sea Birth Three, Spirits of Ōura and Home for Pīdama (2020). The third iteration of a long-term series, the piece included an ink mural depicting a panoramic view of Henoko-Oura Bay in Okinawa, [End Page 268] the site of a US Marine Corps base. Adjacent to the mural, the film Sea Birth Three (2020) explored various perspectives on the army base project, from those of activists to that of an endangered sea turtle. Territorial expansion, whether through military activity, resource extraction, or otherwise, was a recurring theme throughout the exhibition. Charles Lim’s SEA STATE 9: proclamation (2017), for example, focused on a legislative act in Singapore—a remnant of British colonial rule—that lays claim to new territory built through land reclamation off the coast. Mary Babcock similarly engaged with territorial claims to oceanic space in Lotic Sea (2020), in which the artist delicately stitched the outlines of Exclusive Economic Zones (eezs) onto a large curtain of wax paper that acted as a map of the Pacific. eezs are areas around a coastline to which a state has exclusive rights, and in this work, Babcock materialized the way Oceania, a...

EFFECT OF PACKAGING TYPE AND STORAGE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF PAPAYA DODOL

The home industry mostly packs papaya dodol using PP plastic packaging. It is necessary to research the quality of papaya dodol that is stored with various types of packaging during storage. This study aims to obtain a type of packaging that is able to maintain the physical, microbiological, and organoleptic qualities of papaya dodol during storage at room temperature. The study was carried out following a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors; namely the type of packaging with PP plastic, aluminum foil, and wax paper; and duration of storage; i.e. 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The observed variables included color, texture, moisture content, mold and organoleptic properties. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT follow-up tests. The results showed that during 28 days of storage, the best quality of dodol was packed with aluminum foil on day 21; with a color of 7.5 YR 4/4, hardness (texture) 2.00 mm / g and a moisture content of 9.65%; and microbiological observations of 180 colonies/g; which means meeting SNI requirements. Organoleptic quality based on the aroma level of 2.92 (enough likes), 2.96 colors (enough likes), texture 2.16 (dislikes) and taste 3.08 (quite likes)

Bent Arrows: On Anticipation of My Approaching Disappearance

Bent Arrows:On Anticipation of My Approaching Disappearance Tony Hoagland (bio) They come arching over the horizon from distant places, like bent, crooked arrows dispatched from many directions. They arrive in thin blue envelopes on folded stationery, or in fat, feverishly duct-taped packages. By overnight mail—sent prepaid by Fed Ex—($26.00!)—containing, say, three little misshapen onyx pebbles, which, I am told, should be placed in the corner of my sleeping room to ward off negative spirits. A brass Turkish medallion from a person I hardly know, accompanied by a three-page letter explaining how she acquired it in Bulgaria, during her sexually promiscuous 1990s. An ironed-flat wax paper packet of pressed dried lavender and rosemary from someone's garden in Indiana. A passionate testimonial to the healing power of spirulina. A tribute CD of Gay Clark songs. A handmade cedar-scented candle. A whoopee cushion. The Irish friend from New Jersey sends a three-hour recording called "Long Healing Prayer"—a nonstop, droning dirge, performed, it seems, by three widows who have broken into the instrument closet of a medieval Celtic monastery. Wailing voices that float endlessly on a slick of fiddle music, like an Irish oil spill. It should be called Suicide Note on Forlorn Bagpipe. ________ The reason I am the recipient of these exotic attentions is simple: I went on hospice service a month ago, and word leaked out. My cancer is no longer being treated, my narrative is fixed, the time uncertain but not distant. Now acquaintances and friends and even utter strangers are cleaning out their emotional cabinets, like midwives tying an umbilical knot between the dead and the living. Although I am the one dying, it is clear that they are the ones speaking their last words. [End Page 85] ________ In a flat, heavy box, three Ziplock baggies, full of sand scooped and labeled from three different beaches: one in Florida, one on Cape Cod, one in Michigan. From California, a message from the widow of a friend arrives: "I hope the end comes fast for you, as it did for Y." Person X writes to tell me how good morphine is, and how she hopes those stingy bastards in the medical profession are giving me the good stuff. Her tone is one of barely disguised fury. Then there is the genre of blithely delivered misinformation: the cheerful note that says, "Heard you are doing much better! So great to hear!" Not all of the messages are whacky projections. Some are carefully worded, unexaggerated statements of friendship and memory (this turns out to be the essence of the business). Others are like saturated handkerchiefs, soaked and dripping with sentimentality; monologues in which the mourner is so carried away by her capacity to emote deeply, I feel I should avert my eyes from such a private moment. Persons I haven't heard from in decades want to visit and renew our friendship. But, isn't it a little late for that, I wonder? I imagine them standing over my couch, looking down at my diminished body, and I wonder what it is that they believe they have to say, what they have to bring, what they imagine they would like to take away. I wonder what they would see. By email someone else writes, "I've discovered this wonderful anthology: 200 Greatest Zen Death Poems! I'm sending them to you immediately." ________ I drift on my polka dot couch, I read and write. I watch the ceiling and the skies, and the strange missives—some touching, some bizarre—arrive. People I once considered close evaporated months ago; others, whom I thought as peripheral, have appeared and stayed: sane, stalwart and present. Their voices are oddly reassuring. Most of the time now, dying doesn't seem like such a big thing. ________ How do you feel? I sometimes ask myself, not really knowing. [End Page 86] ________ I have this image: I am floating on my back on a great body of water, buoyed comfortably by some kind of life vest. My gaze on the sky; seagulls and birds drift high overhead, on their way elsewhere; the clouds keep...

Development of black soldier fly larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on seafood wastes

The black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is well suited for remediating biological waste. Larvae of this species are nutrient rich, grow rapidly, and convert organic wastes while suppressing pathogens and pests. Therefore, they could be used in waste management systems and as feed for livestock and in aquaculture. The goal of this study was to test suitability of several seafood wastes from Maine processing facilities forH. illucens development in order to find alternative venues for their utilization. The following substrates were tested under laboratory conditions: dry sea cucumber, wet sea cucumber, crab meal, finfish, dry quahog, wet quahog, and sea urchin (‘wet’ and ‘dry’ refer to the original condition of the wastes while their moisture levels were similar during the experiment).H. illucens eggs were placed on wax paper above each substrate, and larval growth and survival to pupation were measured. Based on the numbers and weights of surviving larvae, substrates potentially suitable forH. illucens rearing included finfish trimmings, wet sea cucumber, dry quahog, and sea urchin. Crab meal produced large larvae (0.091±0.021 g [mean ± SE], compared to experiment-wide mean of 0.064±0.007 g) in a relatively short period of time. However, larval mortality was very high, with only 4.7±1.17 larvae surviving to prepupae, compared to experiment-wide mean of 9.78±0.63 larvae. There were dramatic differences in seemingly similar materials. On wet sea cucumber, 28.82±1.49 larvae per replication survived to pre-pupae, while on dry sea cucumber the number was only 0.33±0.01. On wet and dry quahog, the numbers of surviving larvae were 1.83±0.60 and 10.1±1.97, respectively. This highlights the importance of thorough testing of specific substrates instead of extrapolating from published data.

Spiralling histories: reflections on the 1923 Dominion Museum East Coast Ethnological Expedition and other multimedia experiments

In March and April 1923 the Dominion Museum undertook an ethnological expedition to the East Coast region of New Zealand’s North Island, which was initiated and hosted by politician and scholar Apirana Ngata. Along with researchers Johannes Andersen, Elsdon Best and Peter Buck (Te Rangihīroa), the Museum’s acting director, James McDonald, took photographs and made films which recorded the cultural practices and traditions of the Ngāti Porou people. These traces in manuscripts, photographs and movies of the relationships that shaped the expeditions still travel through space and time, spiralling into the future as they allow contemporary and future listeners and viewers to reconnect with the past. Although these people have long since died, they live on in McDonald’s films and photographs, along with the many Māori people from the communities they visited, in documentation of ways of life which provide invaluable resources for cultural heritage and contemporary tribal development today. In this paper, McDonald’s uri ‘descendant’ (his great-granddaughter Anne Salmond) and Billie Lythberg reconstruct the activities of the team on the expedition, drawing on a rich range of archival and other sources, and then reflect on the meaning of these “reflections” drawn with light on wax cylinders, nitrate film and paper, as well as current digital technology. Whether present in these recordings or as the eyes through which we see and the ears through which we hear, these hoa aroha ‘dear friends’—McDonald, Ngata, Buck, Andersen and Best—cannot be disentangled from the archive, the people who hosted them, and the whakaahua ‘images’ they created together.

Determination of apomixis by flow cytometry in two species of Lachemilla (Rosaceae) in Ecuador

ABSTRACTThe genus Lachemilla in Ecuador consists of 27 species distributed along the páramos and superpáramos of the Andes. With 11 species, it is one of the most species-rich genera in the superpáramo zone. We report the presence of apomixis in Lachemilla hirta and L. hispidula. Both species were regularly visited by entomofauna, where Diptera were the most representative group. Three treatments (enclosing the inflorescences with mesh bags, wax paper bags and the open-pollinated control) were used to determine the presence of pollination, apomixis and both processes respectively. In the fruiting assays with the mesh bags, L. hirta showed no significant differences when compared to the control treatments; whereas highly significant differences between treatments were found in L. hispidula, where the control treatment was the treatment with more fruit production, which according to the apomixis results, could mean and accidental pollination activity from the insects found in this study. The flow cytometric screen of seeds from all three treatments showed that these species are predominantly autonomous apomicts. Additionally, pseudogamous seeds in L. hirta, and triploid embryos in L. hispidula were also found though in smaller quantities. Interestingly, these results indicate Lachemilla as the very first case of documented apomixis from the páramo ecosystem. Our results suggest that populations of both species are asexual. Furthermore, insects found on these plants use them strictly as feeding sites, for protection and for reproduction, and rarely act as accidental pollinators.