WaveOne Files Research Articles

CBCT Assessment of Effectiveness of ProTaper Next and WaveOne file Systems on Remaining Dentin Thickness.

Obturation of the canal space, efficient disinfection, and thorough canal debridement are essential components of endodontic therapy success. A crucial first step is biomechanical preparation. This study set out to assess various file systems' cleaning efficacy in terms of the thickness of dentin that remained after cleaning. Twenty permanently removed anterior teeth were used in the investigation, and they were split into two groups: Group B used reciprocating WaveOne file systems, and Group A used ProTaper Next (PTN). After obtaining a pre-CBCT scan, the corresponding file groups proceeded with biomechanical preparation. A post-CBCT scan was obtained, and the dentin thickness remaining was compared between the pre- and post-CBCT scans. Statistics were used to analyze the data. Dentin thickness decrease was shown to be minimal for ProTaper Next (PTN) and maximal for WaveOne; nonetheless, the intergroup comparison was deemed to be highly inconsequential. After biomechanical preparation, WaveOne is a highly recommended rotary endodontic device that does not significantly reduce the residual dentin thickness.

Microscopic Evaluation of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Different Hand and Nickel-Titanium Files; An In Vitro Study

ABSTRACT Background: Effective endodontic instrumentation aims to remove microorganisms, debris, and tissue from the root canal while maintaining dentinal integrity. This study compares dentinal defect incidence following canal preparation with different hand files, nickel-titanium rotary files, and reciprocating files Materials and Methods: Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars with mature apices were collected. Four groups (n = 20) were established based on canal patency establishment, canal preparation technique, irrigation solution, and final irrigation. After root sectioning at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex, slices were examined under a stereomicroscope, and dentinal defects were recorded. A second examiner reviewed the images. Results: The results showed significant difference of P = 0.031 among Hand files vs. Rotary ProTaper files: In Hand files vs. Reciprocating WaveOne files significant difference was P = 0.048, and for rotary ProTaper files vs. Reciprocating WaveOne files: No significant difference (P = 0.643). Dentinal defect counts were similar at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. Statistically significant variation was observed between hand files and rotary files, as well as hand files and reciprocating files Conclusion: Both rotary and reciprocating files showed a statistically significant increase in dentinal defect incidence compared to hand files. However, clinical implications should be considered cautiously. Instrumentation technique selection should be based on clinical context, operator experience, and patient factors. Further clinical studies are needed for validation.

An In Vitro Comparative Assessment of Shaping Capacity of a Single-File System Over Multiple-File System in Root Canals.

The study's objective was to contrast the two distinct rotary file techniques used to shape mandibular first molars. The investigation involved twenty recently removed mandibular molars. A digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was placed in a fixed position, a muffle block was built, and images of each tooth's three cross sections were obtained. The specimens were split into the following two groups at random: Rotary files from WaveOne were used to prepare group A and Mtwo rotary files were used to prepare group B. At the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering ability compared with the Mtwo file system (P 0.05). When compared to the Mtwo file system, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering capabilities and needed significantly less time to build the curved canals.

A Comparative Study on the Shaping Ability and Cleaning Efficiency of Two Different Single-File Systems, Reciprocating Wave One Versus Continuous Rotation F360, Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope: An In Vitro Study.

Background: In endodontics, the three processes of biomechanical preparation, disinfection, and obturation are each essential. The electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope (SEM) allowed for the detection and identification of the smear layer and debris. The purpose of the current investigation was to use a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the relative merits of two single-file systems, the reciprocating WaveOne and the continuous motion F360 files, in the cleaning and contouring of root canals in removed teeth. Materials and method: The 50 central maxillary permanent teeth Data was gathered from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division at Sri Ganganagar's Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre for a number of reasons. Group A followed the manufacturer's guidelines for using the WaveOne instrument, whereas Group B utilised the F360. Reciprocating motion WaveOne system (group A) and continuous motion F360 system (group B) root canals were scored at three levels: coronal third, middle third, and apical third (group B). SPSS version 22 was used for the data analysis. The data were examined using the chi-square test and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: A greater quantity of smear layer was found in the apical third, whereas better results were achieved in the coronal and middle thirds. When compared to the F360 file system, the WaveOne file system is subpar when it comes to clearing the canal of debris. While both groups showed a large amount of debris in the apical third, outcomes were somewhat better in the coronal and middle thirds. Conclusion: The WaveOne and F360 file systems were both more effective in removing trash from the coronal and middle thirds of the disc than they were from the apical thirds. In comparison to the continuous motion F360 file system, WaveOne files demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the amount of debris cleared from root canals in all three root zone thirds (coronal, middle, and apical). The reciprocating action of the WaveOne file system, in contrast to the continuous motion of the F360 file system, resulted in more extensive cleaning of the root canal smear layer in the coronal and middle thirds and less thorough cleaning in the apical thirds of the canal.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of different endodontic file systems for removal of gutta percha from root canals using CBCT

Aim- To evaluate the removal of gutta percha by hand file system, rotary file system and reciprocating file system from root canals by using CBCT. Materials and Method: Root canals of 42 extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared using the ProTaper Universal rotary system and then obturated. Root filling quality was confirmed on CBCT images. Specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 14) according to the system used for filling removal, group 1: H File, group 2: MTwo rotary retreatment file, and group 3:WaveOne file. Each specimen was sent for CBCT Analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Evaluation of data was done statistically using One-way Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: There was statistical difference in all the groups (P>0.05). All systems demonstrated presence of remnants of filling material. Mean reduction in the volume of GP after retreatment of Group I was 0.006mm3, Group II was 0.002mm3 Group III was 0.003mm3. Conclusion: The system responsible for a better removal of root canal filling material was the MTwo Retreatment file system, followed by the WaveOne system and H File.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of different endodontic file systems for removal of gutta percha from root canals using CBCT

Aim- To evaluate the removal of gutta percha by hand file system, rotary file system and reciprocating file system from root canals by using CBCT. Materials and Method: Root canals of 42 extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared using the ProTaper Universal rotary system and then obturated. Root filling quality was confirmed on CBCT images. Specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 14) according to the system used for filling removal, group 1: H File, group 2: MTwo rotary retreatment file, and group 3: WaveOne file. Each specimen was sent for CBCT Analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Evaluation of data was done statistically using One-way Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: There was statistical difference in all the groups (P>0.05). All systems demonstrated presence of remnants of filling material. Mean reduction in the volume of GP after retreatment of Group I was 0.006mm3, Group II was 0.002mm3 Group III was 0.003mm3. Conclusion: The system responsible for a better removal of root canal filling material was the MTwo Retreatment file system, followed by the WaveOne system and H File.

Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Bicuspids Instrumented With Hand Files, TruNatomy, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and WaveOne - An In vitro Study.

Aim:The study aims to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated bicuspids instrumented with Hand Files, TruNatomy (TRN), ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and WaveOne (WO).Materials and Methods:In total, 45 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 15 mm long. The samples were divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 9): instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) Hand Files (control group), instrumentation with TRN files, instrumentation with PTN files, instrumentation with PTG files, and instrumentation with WO files. The samples were obturated by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer. A vertical load was applied to the tooth using the universal testing machine (Tecsol-TSI-BDS-2Kn-Sr No. 170710) for the fracture resistance test. Statistical analysis was performed.Results:The study reported that teeth instrumented with NiTi hand files exhibited the highest fracture resistance when compared to all the rotary and reciprocating file systems. Among rotary and reciprocating instruments, root prepared with TRN files showed the most significant resistance to fracture compared with PTN, PTG, and WO files.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that minimally invasive instrumentation of the system preserves more pericervical dentin, which may increase the resistance to fracture. Results of this study and other studies support the use of minimally tapered instruments to improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Shaping ability of waveone primary reciprocating files and oneshape rotary files in severely curved root canals

Introduction: This study compared the amount of canal transportation, canal centering ability after instrumentation and time required for shaping of canal with WaveOne Primary Reciprocating file and OneShape Rotary file. Method: Thirty intact mesial roots of mandibular first molars were divided into Group I and Group II. Specimens in Group I were shaped with WaveOne Primary reciprocating files to the working length (WL) and specimens in Group II were shaped with OneShape Rotary file to the WL. Time required to prepare each canal was recorded. All the specimens were submitted to micro-computed tomography (µCT) unit for Pre- and post-instrumentation scan. Images were reconstructed and cross-sections corresponding to distances 3, 6 and 9 mm from the anatomic apex were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal Wallis and paired t test. Results: Overall, both rotary files maintained root canal curvatures well. During canal preparation, OneShape file performed significantly better in the apical third when compared to the WaveOne Reciprocating file. WaveOne file required reasonably less time to prepare canal when rather than OneShape file.

Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Deciduous Root Canals after Instrumentation with Different Filing Systems: An In Vitro Study.

Aim and objectiveTo evaluate root canal transportation, centering ability ratio (CAR), remaining dentine thickness, dentinal cracks, and instrumentation time after instrumentation with different filing systems in root canals of primary teeth by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.Materials and methodsSixty prepared canals of primary teeth divided into 4 groups with 15 canals in each were prepared with NiTi K files, Proaper Next (PTN) files, OneShape (OS), and WaveOne (WO) files, respectively. Using CBCT scan, the pre- and postinstrumentation scan was done to obtain images at three levels (apical, middle, and cervical). The results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software version.ResultSignificant statistical difference was found between different filing systems.ConclusionProTaper Next files showed least canal transportation and the best centering ability was shown by OS file system. The NiTi K hand files preserved maximum remaining dentin thickness (RDT) and produced minimum dentin cracks. WO file system took least instrumentation time when compared to the other three filing systems.Clinical significanceThe use of rotary instruments in the pulpectomy of primary teeth represents a promising technique being advantageous for the pediatric patients by maintaining the original canal curvatures, showing greater ability to maintain dentin thickness, causing lesser dentin cracks, and reducing chair time thus favoring preparation of more conical root canals and better obturation.How to cite this articleSingh P. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Deciduous Root Canals after Instrumentation with Different Filing Systems: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;15(S-1):S22-S29.

Centering Ability of Three Different Reciprocating Rotary Files Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – In-vitro Study

Background: Centering ability of root canal files is considered to be an imperative factor during root canal instrumentation. Hence it is decided to evaluate and compare the centering ability of Reciprocating rotary files in teeth by means of cone beam computed tomography in vitro condition.
 Objectives:
 
 To evaluate the centering ability of the Reciproc file system in extracted mandibular molar.
 To evaluate the centering ability of the Reciproc Blue file system in extracted mandibular molar.
 To evaluate the centering ability of the WaveOne file system in extracted mandibular molar.
 To compare the above file systems with each other.
 
 Methodology: 30 Newly extracted mandibular molars will be considered in the study. Before access opening teeth will be exposed for a pre-instrumentation CBCT scan. After this scanning standard access cavity preparation will be done followed by checking canal patency using 10#K-file. Then teeth will be divided into three groups for root canal instrumentation. Group 1: Instrumentation by using Reciproc file, Group 2: Instrumentation by using Reciproc Blue file, Group 3: Instrumentation by using WaveOne file. For evaluation of centering ability, the equation introduced by Gambill (1996) i.e., (m1 – m2) ÷ (d1 – d2) or (d1 – d2) ÷ (m1 – m2) and (b1-b2) ÷ (l1-l2) or (l1-l2) ÷ (b1-b2) will be used after post instrumentation CBCT scanning. 
 Expected Results: The Reciproc Blue file system is expected to give better results in canal centering ability.
 Conclusion: Centering ability is considered to be important factor in biomechanical preparation, as it can retain the instruments in centre which is crucial to offer a precise extension, without weakening of the root structure. Different files are used to evaluate and compare the centering ability of instrument by CBCT.

Surface profile of different heat-treated nickel-titanium files before and after root canal preparation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate surface wear, presence of microcracks and surface irregularities of WaveOne (WO) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) instruments before and after multiple uses. Eight Primary instruments of the WO and WOG systems were evaluated, each one was used to prepare six mesial canals of extracted human mandibular molars. The surface of the instruments was evaluated before use (T0), after instrumentation of three (T1) and six (T2) root canals. Surface wear was analyzed using a three-dimensional optical profiler and the presence of microcracks and surface irregularities were evaluated using a tabletop scanning electron microscopy. The Friedman test was used to assess surface wear and Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the presence of microcracks and surface irregularities, with a 5% significance level. There was a significant increase in wear in both groups at T2, compared to T0 (p=0.0003). The surface wear after instrumentation of six canals (T2-T0) was statistically greater in the WOG group, than in the WO group (p=0.02), where the presence of microcracks was significantly greater and increased after multiple uses (p<0.05). The presence of surface irregularities in the cutting blade before and after use was statistically greater in the WOG group than WO group (p<0.05). Wear of the cutting blade, microcracks and surface irregularities were observed on the surface topography of all the instruments after multiple uses. These surface changes may affect the cutting efficiency of WOG files and increase the risk of fracture of WO files.

FARKLI NİKEL-TİTANYUM DÖNER ALET SİSTEMLERİNİN FARKLI KİNEMATİKLERDE KULLANIMININ ENDODONTİK TEDAVİ GÖRMÜŞ KÖKLERİN KIRILMA DİRENCİNE OLAN ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Amaç. Çalışmamızın amacı ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) ve WaveOne (WO) NiTi Döner Alet sistemlerini farklı kinematiklerde kullanarak yapılan kök kanal şekillendirilmesinin dişlerin kırılma dirençlerine olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem. Tek köklü ve tek kanallı 160 adet alt kesici dişler seçildi. Dişler mine-sement birleşim yerinden ayrıldıktan sonra örnekler 8 gruba bölündü (n=20). Grup 1 hariç diğer gruplarda 10 K-tipi eğe kök kanallarında ilerletildi ve bu boydan 1 mm çıkartılarak çalışma uzunluğu belirlendi. 15 K-tipi eğe ile kayma yolu oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubunda köklere hiçbir şekillendirme işlemi yapılmadı. WO eğeleri sadece resiprokasyon hareketinde kullanıldı. Diğer eğeler ise hem üretici talimatlarındaki hareketle hem de resiprokasyon hareketiyle kullanıldılar. Örneklere periodontal ligamentleri taklit etmesi amacıyla elastomerik ölçü maddesi kullanıldı. Daha sonra Universal test cihazında 1mm/ dakika hızla örneklere kuvvet uygulandı. Örneklerde kırılmaya neden olan maksimum kuvvet değerleri ( F-Max) belirlendi ve sonuçlar tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve post-hoc LSD testleri kullanılarak istatistiksel değerlendirilmeye tabi tutuldu. (P<0.05) Bulgular. Kontrol grubu en yüksek kırılma direncine sahipti ve PTU, PTU resiprokasyon ve PTG ve PTG resiprokasyon sistemleriyle arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark vardı. (P<0.05). TFA, TFA resiprokasyon ve WO grupları ile kontrol grubu arasında köklerin kırılmaya karşı dirençleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (P>0.05). Sonuç. Çalışmamızda rotasyon veya resiprokasyon hareketiyle kök kanalları genişletilmesinin dişlerin kırılma direncinde bir fark yaratmadığı görülmüştür fakat PTU ve PTG gruplarının dişlerin kırılma dirençlerini azalttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: ProTaper, Adaptive hareket, Rotasyon, Resiprokasyon Evaluation of the Effect of Different Nickel-Titanium Systems by Using Different Kinematics on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots ABSTRACT Aim. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of the preparation on the fracture resistance of teeth by using ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and WaveOne (WO) NiTi rotary instrument systems in different kinematics. Material and methods. 160 mandibular incisor teeth with single root and single canal were chosen. After the teeth were separated from the cementoenamel junction, the roots were divided into eight groups (n=20). All groups except for group 1, the working length of the root canals were determined by inserting a size 10 K-type file into the root canal terminus and subtracting 1 mm from this measurement. A glide path was done via a size 15 K-type file. In the control group, the root canals were not prepared. WO files were used only in the reciprocating motion. Other files were used both with the movement in the manufacturer's instructions and with the reciprocating movement. The periodontal ligament was simulated by using elastomeric impression material. Vertical loading was carried out with a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The maximum force at fracture (F-max) was recorded for each root and the data were analyzed statistically by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc LSD tests (P<0.05). Results. The control group presented the highest fracture resistance and differed significantly from PTU, PTU reciprocation, PTG and PTG reciprocation groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the fracture resistance between control group, and TFA, TFA reciprocation and WO groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. In our study, it was observed that the root canal preparation did not make a difference in the fracture resistance of the teeth by rotation or reciprocation movement, but it was concluded that PTU and PTG groups reduced the fracture resistance of the teeth. Key Words: ProTaper, Adaptive motion, Rotation, Reciprocation

CBCT Evaluation of Gutta-Percha Removal Using Protaper and Mtwo Retreatment Files, Wave One, and Hedstrom Files: An Ex Vivo Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper, Mtwo, and WaveOne retreatment files and Hedstrom files for removal of gutta-percha from the straight root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted single-rooted and single-canal teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were decoronated, and biomechanical preparation was performed up to #30 K-file. The root canals were obturated using lateral compaction technique with gutta-percha and Resilon sealer. The teeth were then randomly divided into 4 groups, and CBCT images were obtained. All the canals were then retreated with either ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, WaveOne files, or Hedstrom files. The surface area of the remaining filling material after the retreatment procedure was quantified by CBCT. Statistical analysis was performed via one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. Results: None of the file systems could completely remove the filling material from the canals. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in the apical and middle thirds (P<0.05). Conclusion: All the file systems left some filling material in the canals. Mtwo retreatment files had maximum efficacy for removal of filling materials in comparison with other files. WaveOne files can also be used for root canal retreatment.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Canal-Centering Ability for Traditionally Used Nickel Titanium and Nickel Titanium Files with Reciprocating Hand Piece and Wave-One Files.

Aim of the Study:Need for our study was to evaluate a comparison between canal preparation ability of nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand files with step-back manual technique, of NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece and of Wave-One files utilizing noninvasive cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique.Materials and Methods:Thirty extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in the study, segregated in three sets of 10 specimens each, where canal instrumentation was done by different methods using NiTi in step-back technique, using reciprocating hand piece with NiTi files and using primary file with the use of Wave-One reciprocating system. Later, evaluation of centering ability was conducted using the references through CBCT images.Results:Hand NiTi files showed even less canal centering ability as compared to other two sets. Mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 1.06 and later was 0.98, which shows excessive preparation in case of Set I versus Set II. In case of comparison between Set III and Set I, mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 0.99, and later was 1.06, depicting better canal shaping ability with Wave-One file.Conclusion:The use of hand NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece would be economically beneficial producing the similar results as that of wave one without any deviation from the original canal anatomy.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Endodontic Instruments’ Precision during “L-Shaped” Model Root Canals Preparation

The purpose of the mechanical root canal preparation is to clean it and give it the right shape. The preparation should be carried out in a way that maintains the original curvature and initial orientation of the apical end. Insufficient root canal preparation may prevent effective chemical decontamination and obturation to the full working length. The study aims to evaluate the shaping ability and effectiveness of the NiTi rotary and reciprocating endodontic instruments, compared to standard hand files using magnetic resonance imaging based on spin echo. Material and methods: A comparative study of severely curved root canals’ shaping abilities using three NiTi systems and K-type hand files was performed, with 40 training “endo-blocks” presenting with “L-shaped” canal. The root canal topography and geometry “before” and “after” mechanical preparation obtained by the magnetic resonance imaging based on the spin echo was used. The main measurement was made using the RARE sequence, with slice thickness reduced to 100 micrometers. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, NA = 25 was used. To minimize the measurement time, the field of view was limited to a cuboid 17 × 16 × 3 mm, with a resolution of 33 × 31 × 100 micrometers. Each 3D image consisted of 512 × 512 × 30 voxels. The imaging plane has been selected in such a way as to fully illustrate the course of curvature of the model root canal. For TR = 5 s and effective TE = 36 ms, TA was 1.5 h. Measurements were performed twice, before and after the preparation of endo-blocs with a selected type of endodontic tools. Results: The use of rotary NiTi instruments caused a substantial alteration in the curvature topography and angle of the canals and change in the curvature length. The substantial discrepancy was observed during the preparation of simulated root canals with the reciprocating instruments and the use of WaveOne files led to the largest volume variation. No dependence between the amount of material removed and the measured intracanal side was observed when NiTi instruments were used. Preparation with hand K-type files revealed a relationship between the measuring side and the amount of material removed, with the lower values obtained for the canals’ internal curvatures. Conclusions: All the studied endodontic instruments allow a safe preparation of curved root canals in simulating in vivo conditions. The abbreviation of original root canals topography does not seem to be significantly altered following mechanical preparation of simulated, severely curved root canals. The spin echo-based magnetic resonance imaging technique can be utilized for visualization of the internal topography of the root’s canals in vitro before and after their mechanical preparation in in vitro conditions. In the future, magnetic resonance microscopy may become a diagnostic tool supporting the work of a clinician.

Cyclic fatigue and fracture surfaces evaluation of different nickel titanium endodontic files

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study compares the cyclic fatigue resistance of files made of gold technology, such as ProTaper Gold F2 and WaveOne Gold Primary files, and files made of M-Wire technology, such as ProTaper Next X2 and WaveOne files. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 files were used in this study, which were classified into 4 groups. Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted using a cyclic loading testing machine, with an artificial canal made of stainless steel (angle of curvature: 45°; curvature radius: 5 mm). All rotary instruments were allowed to reciprocate and rotate until complete fracture, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds using a stop watch. To prevent human error, the experiments were also video-recorded. Results: Gold-Wire files (WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Gold) demonstrated longer time to fracture than that M-Wire files (WaveOne and ProTaper Next) (P < 0.005). In addition, WaveOne files showed more time to fracture than ProTaper Next files (P < 0.005). Fracture surface evaluation coincide with our results. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the gold alloy files resisted cyclic fatigue better than the M-Wire alloy files, In addition, WaveOne files resist cyclic fatigue better than ProTaper Next files.

Corrosion resistance assessment of nickel-titanium endodontic files with and without heat treatment.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of heat-treated (Reciproc and WaveOne) and non-heat-treated (ProTaper and Mtwo) superelastic nickel-titanium endodontic files when immersed in a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution.Materials and MethodsAnodic polarization curves were obtained with potential sweeps that began at the open circuit potential or corrosion potential (Ecorr). The pitting potential (Epit) was identified on the anodic polarization curve as the potential at which a sudden increase in current was observed. The micromorphology of the 28 tested files was analyzed before and after the electrochemical assay using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Bonferroni test (for Ecorr) and the Student t-test for independent samples (for Epit).ResultsThe mean Ecorr values were 0.506 V for ProTaper, 0.348 V for Mtwo, 0.542 V for Reciproc, and 0.321 V for WaveOne files. Only WaveOne and Protaper files exhibited pitting corrosion, with Epit values of 0.879 V and 0.904 V, respectively. On the SEM images of the ProTaper and WaveOne files, cavities suggestive of pitting corrosion were detected.ConclusionsSigns of corrosion were observed in both heat-treated and non-heat-treated files. Of the evaluated files, WaveOne (a heat-treated file) and ProTaper (a non-heat-treated file) exhibited the lowest corrosion resistance.

Assessment of the Performance and Surface Alteration of Two Single-file Systems According to the Number of Uses

The aim of this study was to assess the performance and surface alteration of two single-file systems according to the number of uses. Ten WaveOne Primary files (25/.08) and ten One Shape NG files (25/.06) were used for instrumentation of mesial root canals of mandibular molars. Each instrument was cleaned and sterilized after the preparation of two root canals and then reused. The time spent for instrumentation of each root canal was recorded and analyzed by using t-test. Microphotographs of the surface of the instruments were taken with a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications (i.e. 18x, 160x, 500x and 1000x) and at a distance of 4 mm from the instrument’s tip before being analyzed by four observers. Presence of disruption of cutting edge, crack, craters and unwinding was assessed and submitted to Fisher’s exact test. Both systems showed manufacturing defects and cracks. The presence of disruption of cutting edges was major in WaveOne files from the sixth use, whereas One Shape NG files showed more unwinding. Only preparation time using WaveOne files was influenced by the number of uses. One can conclude that WaveOne files had more disruption of cutting edges and took longer time for root canal preparation from the sixth use onwards, whereas the One Shape NG files showed more unwinding at the tenth use.

Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy of S-One and WaveOne File Systems Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis: An In Vitro Study

The aim of this study is to compare the canal cleaning ability of S-One file (AF BLUE) system with WaveOne Gold single file system, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the present study, 40 freshly extracted permanent mandibular premolars with a single-root canal and straight roots were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups. The canals were prepared by crown-down technique. Buccolingual sectioning of the samples were done followed by SEM evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The statistical significance level was set at p value <0.05. The analysis of the results demonstrated that WaveOne presented higher cleaning capacity of root canals with a statistically significant difference, when compared to S-One file system (p value < 0.05). Both the file systems showed significant cleaning efficacy in the coronal and middle-thirds of the root canals when compared to the apical thirds. Also, the WaveOne showed better results than S-One (AF BLUE), and the results were statistically significant. With the limitation of the study, the cleaning ability of rotary file system is high in coronal and middle-third followed by apical third. In this study, the WaveOne showed better results than S-One (AF BLUE), and the results were statistically significant. The aggressive cutting of dentin during canal preparation is less in WaveOne file than S-One file system. The cleaning efficiency is good in reciprocating file system (WaveOne) than continuous rotary file system (S-One).

Comparative evaluation of incidence of separation of three different endodontic reciprocating files (manufactured from Ni-Ti) using scanning electron microscope: An in vitro study

Background and Objectives: The most significant objective of this in vitro study was to analyze the incidence of separation of three different endodontic Ni-Ti manufactured files using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) used in root canal shaping. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted teeth (maxillary 1st molars and mandibular 1st molars) were obtained from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India, and selected for root canal shaping with Ni-Ti manufactured three types of endodontic file. Ninety canals determined for root canal shaping with three different endodontic files were divided into three equal groups (WaveOne, Reciproc instruments, and WaveOne Gold during biomechanical preparation) to know the number of canals prepared before separation (i.e., lifespan). The data were recorded using a SEM and analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The mean score between the three files used was for the WaveOne file system was 5.40 ± 0.89, for Reciproc file system was 5.90 ± 1.19, and for WaveOne Gold file was 9.33 ± 1.58. Statistically, it shows a significant difference in the mean number of canals prepared before separation among three file systems (F = 87.46, P Conclusion: According to the outcome of this in vitro study, the longest existence span was found in WaveOne Gold file system, accompanied by Reciproc file, and WaveOne file was found with the shortest existence span.