Wave Surfers Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Khasi Speech Recognition Systems with Recurrent Neural Network-Based Language Model

This paper offers a comparative analysis of Khasi speech recognition systems utilizing a recurrent neural network-based language model (RNN-LM). Develop different acoustic models (AMs) to evaluate the optimal performance. This paper observed that using RNN-LM performed best than traditional other models. The wave surfer performs data processing followed by collecting the recorder based continuous speech database. Moreover, a minimization of word error rate (WER) in 2.83.8% range for major speech data and 2.4-3.5% for minor speech data. Additionally, two acoustic features are used, and from the experimental results, the Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) yielded improved performance than the perceptual linear prediction (PLP).

Review of “Dangerous Fun: The Social Lives of Big Wave Surfers”

Review of “Dangerous Fun: The Social Lives of Big Wave Surfers”

Comparison of Hemodynamic Brain Responses Between Big Wave Surfers and Non-big Wave Surfers During Affective Image Presentation.

BackgroundBig wave surfers are extreme sports athletes who expose themselves to life-threatening risk when training and competing. Little is known about how and why extreme sports athletes choose to participate in their chosen sports. This exploratory study investigated potential neurophysiological and psychometric differences between big and non-big wave surfers.MethodsThirteen big wave surfers (BWS) and 10 non-big wave surfers (CON) viewed a series of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) while undergoing brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The Fear Schedule Survey-III, Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking, Discrete Emotions Questionnaire, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were also completed.ResultsThe BWS group demonstrated higher blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in the insula, visual cortex, and periaqueductal gray, whereas the CON group displayed increased hypothalamus activation in response to high amplitude negative-valence (HAN) image presentation. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses found CON showed significant interactions between frontal and temporal cortical regions as well as between the hypothalamus and the insula, frontal, and temporal cortices during HAN image presentation that were not seen in BWS. No differences between groups were found in their responses to the questionnaires.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate significant differences in brain activation between BWS and CON in response to the presentation of HAN IAPS images, despite no significant differences in scores on psychometric questionnaires.

Khasi Speech Recognition using Hidden Markov Model with Different Spectral Features: A Comparison

In this work, various feature extraction techniques are implemented for a speech data corpus in Khasi Language. This paper provides a comparative performance analysis of widely used spectral features like Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC), Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP), Linear Predictive Cepstrum Coefficient (LPCC), Linear Predictive Coefficient (LPC) and Linear Predictive Reflection Coefficients (LPREFC). For each features we have used coefficient dimensions of static, delta and acceleration evaluated for the recognition of words spoken in Khasi language, a language spoken in the Khasi and Jaintia hills districts of Meghalaya. A recorder based continuous speech database has been collected as per the standard procedure and data processing was done using wave surfer. From the analysis, it was observed that for sampling rate of 16 KHz and 8 KHz the word recognition accuracy of MFCC and PLP features are better than LPCC, LPC and LPREFC features under all circumstances.

Oxygen Uptake of Wave Surfers and Complementary Parameters in Front Crawl and Surfing-Paddling Tests.

Godoy, DF, Cadore, EL, Feitosa, WG, Correia, RdA, and Castro, FAdS. Oxygen uptake of wave surfers and complementary parameters in front crawl and surfing-paddling tests. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2645-2650, 2021-The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the oxygen uptake and complementary parameters (heart rate [HR], blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) obtained from surfers swimming and paddling in a swimming pool. Fourteen recreational male surfers (37.7 ± 4.7 years old) were evaluated in (a) a maximal 300-m front crawl test and (b) paddling in a surfboard test, both at the same intensity and for the same duration. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) during the tests (direct method), HR, blood lactate concentration (LA), and RPE were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance, a simple Student t test, effect size calculation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and limits of agreement were applied. In general, the tests presented similar results (except for HR), with low agreement, high intraclass correlation, and average to large effect sizes between swimming and paddling. The results suggest that surfers training in a swimming pool should not simply be swimming. Front crawl swimming and surf paddling are 2 distinct actions that should be practiced and tested on their own merits rather than assumed to be interchangeable.

Acoustic analysis of oral and nasal Hindi vowels spoken by native and non-native speakers

This paper presents acoustic analysis of Hindi oral and nasal vowels as spoken by the native Hindi speakers and non-native speakers belonging to Punjabi and Nepali linguistic backgrounds. The objective of the study is to determine the measurable acoustic parameters of Hindi vowel sounds which can be used to distinguish oral and nasal vowels by Hindi speakers on one hand and the effect on these parameters due to non-native speakers on the other hand. The database consists of 150 phonetically rich sentences uttered by 10 speakers of each language in a sound treated room. These were analysed using PRATT and Wave Surfer software tools. Five long Hindi vowels (oral as well as nasalized) i.e. /i/, /ɛ/, /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/ were selected for this study and segmented from the sentence utterances. The parameters such as frequencies, amplitude of formants and the pitch and intensity values at the steadiest portion of the vowels were computed. The results show several parameters which distinguishes oral vowel from Nasal...

Eric Oldfield

Angewandte Chemie International EditionVolume 55, Issue 45 p. 13924-13924 Author ProfileFree Access Eric Oldfield First published: 30 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201604489AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract “If I were a car I would be a Ferrari 288 GTO. My first experiment was really, really dangerous. ...” This and more about Eric Oldfield can be found on page 13924. Eric Oldfield The author presented on this page has published 10 articles in Angewandte Chemie in the last 10 years, including: “Moenomycin Biosynthesis: Structure and Mechanism of Action of the Prenyltransferase MoeN5”: L. Zhang et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 4716; Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 4794. The work of E. Oldfield has been featured on the cover of Angewandte Chemie: “Structure and Function of a “Head-to-Middle” Prenyltransferase: Lavandulyl Diphosphate Synthase”: M. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 4721; Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 4799. Date of birth: May 23, 1948 Position: Harriet A. Harlin Professor of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign E-mail: eoldfiel@illinois.edu Homepage: http://feh.scs.uiuc.edu Education: 1969 BSc, University of Bristol 1972 PhD with Prof. Dr. Dennis Chapman, University of Sheffield 1972–1974 Postdoc and EMBO Fellow with Prof. Dr. Adam Allerhand, Indiana University 1974–1975 Visiting scientist with Prof. Dr. John S. Waugh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Awards: 1995 RSC Award in Spectroscopy; 2009 RSC Award in Biophysical Chemistry; 2011 Avanti Award in Lipids, Biophysical Society Research: Antibiotics; anticancer drugs; isoprenoids; metalloproteins Hobbies: Running (and jogging …); swimming; gardening If I were a car I would be a Ferrari 288 GTO. My first experiment was really, really dangerous. I am waiting for the day when someone will discover the origin of life (I'm not holding my breath). The biggest challenge facing scientists is the Republican Party. Chemistry is fun because you get paid to do what you would pay to do. My favorite drink is “PG Tips” (tea from Brooke Bond [Unilever]). The most significant historic event of the past 100 years was World War II. In a spare hour I read the New Yorker. I advise my students to work hard (they do) and keep a good lab notebook (not so much). My favorite way to spend a holiday is on Bora-Bora, Moorea, South Beach (FL), or in a National Park. The secret of being a successful scientist is persistence, genes, serendipity, and the best schools. My science “heroes” are Newton, Pauling, Woodward, and Pines. My favorite painter is Joan Miró. My favorite book is A History of Western Philosophy (Bertrand Russell). The natural talent I would like to be gifted with would be to be a big wave surfer, or really clever. My 5 top papers: References 1“Antiinfectives targeting enzymes and the proton motive force”: X. Feng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015, 112, E 7073. (Many common drugs, including TB drugs, function at least in part by acting as protonophore uncouplers.) 2“A combination therapy for KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinomas using lipophilic bisphosphonates and rapamycin”: Y. Xia et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 2014, 6, 263ra161. (An interesting approach to lung cancer therapy.) 3“A Cholesterol Biosynthesis Inhibitor Blocks Staphylococcus aureus Virulence”: C. I. Liu, G. Y. Liu, Y. Song, F. Yin, M. E. Hensler, W. Y. Jeng, V. Nizet, A. H. Wang, E. Oldfield, Science 2008, 319, 1391. (An alternate approach to treating staph infections by inhibiting virulence factor formation.) 4“Secondary and Tertiary Structural Effects on Protein NMR Chemical Shifts: An ab Initio Approach”: A. C. de Dios, J. G. Pearson, E. Oldfield, Science 1993, 260, 1491. (Solved the 13C chemical shift problem in proteins that we identified 20 years earlier.) 5“Deuteron Resonance: A Novel Approach to the Study of Hydrocarbon Chain Mobility in Membrane Systems”: E. Oldfield, D. Chapman, W. Derbyshire, FEBS Lett. 1971, 16, 102. (Introduced the 2H NMR method for studying the dynamic structures of lipids and their interactions with other molecules.) Volume55, Issue45November 2, 2016Pages 13924-13924 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Association Between Anthropometry and Upper-Body Strength Qualities With Sprint Paddling Performance in Competitive Wave Surfers

This study aimed to evaluate the potential association with anthropometry and upper-body pulling strength with sprint kinematics of competitive surfers. Ten competitive male surfers (23.9 ± 6.8 years, 177.0 ± 6.5 cm, 72.2 ± 2.4 kg) were assessed for stature, mass, arm span, ∑ 7 site skinfold thickness, pronated pull-up strength, and sprint paddling performance from a stationary start to 15 m. Pearson correlation analysis, and independent t-tests were used to compare potential differences between the slower and faster group of sprint paddlers. Strong associations were found between relative (total kilograms lifted per athlete mass) upper-body pulling strength and sprint paddling time to 5, 10, and 15 m, and peak sprint paddling velocity (r = 0.94, 0.93, 0.88, 0.66, respectively, p < 0.05) and relative upper-body pulling strength was found to be superior (p < 0.05) in the faster group, with large effect (d = 1.88). The results of this study demonstrate a strong association between relative upper-body pulling strength and sprint paddling ability in surfers. Strength and conditioning coaches working with competitive surfers should implement strength training with surfers, including an emphasis on developing relative strength, because this may have a strong influence on sprint paddling performance.

The Dark Side of Flow: A Qualitative Study of Dependence in Big Wave Surfing

Flow has been described within sport psychology as an optimal state underpinning peak performance. However, the consequences of experiencing flow may not always be beneficial. One negative consequence might be that of contributing to dependence on the activity that interacts with, or is associated with, the flow experience. This study explored the dichotomous consequences of flow, using case studies of big wave surfers. Fifteen elite surfers completed in-depth, semistructured interviews. It seems clear from the results that the surfers experienced positive consequences of flow. However, they also exhibited symptoms of dependence on surfing. It is suggested that there may be an association between the experience of dimensions of flow and the compulsion to engage in an activity. Some specific recommendations for further research into the relationship between flow and exercise dependence are made.