Wave Concept Iterative Process Method Research Articles

Numerical investigation of a new sensor for blood glucose detection using an improved wave concept iterative process method

AbstractGlucose monitoring using a noninvasive, rapid and nondestructive devices is becoming a very challenging task in the present time. This paper presents a modeling and an analysis of an electromagnetic sensor for blood glucose level detection, based on the wave concept iterative process (WCIP) method and operating in the terahertz (THZ) frequency range. The theoretical aspects about the WCIP algorithm, the plasma modeling, and integration into this approach were introduced. The effect of the geometrical parameters variation on the sensor's response was investigated and a comparative study of the obtained results with the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator is presented in the purpose of the verification. The numerical simulation results using the WCIP method show that the proposed sensor is suitable for the blood glucose monitoring since it was able to detect the lowest and the highest blood concentrations (0 mg/dl and 16 000 mg/dl). The sensing parameters: the quality factor (Q‐factor), figure of merits (FOM), and the sensitivity of the device were calculated in order to prove its efficiency. The Q‐factor varied from 2.26 to 3.06, the sensitivity varied from 0.0501 to 0.0192 (THZ/RIU) and the FOM varied from 0.5758 to 0.3147 RIU−1 for 0 mg/dland 16 000 mg/dl respectively.

Numerical Simulation of Tunable Terahertz Graphene-Based Sensor for Breast Tumor Detection

This article presents a modeling and analysis of a tunable graphene-based sensor for breast tumor detection operating in the terahertz frequency range using the wave concept iterative process (WCIP) method. Through the novel implementation approach of the biological tissues in the WCIP method, we can integrate the normal and tumor of human breast tissues into this algorithm. At the beginning, the details of the algorithms of human breast tissue and graphene modeling in the WCIP method are presented. In order to verify the results obtained by the WCIP algorithm, we presented a comparative study with the CST simulator. Then, using the WCIP method, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed sensor to detect the normal breast tissue with good sensitivity of 7.11 (THz/RIU) and breast tumor with a high sensitivity of 8.21 THz/RIU and large figure of merits of 17.51 and 20.23 RIU−1, respectively. Finally, the simplicity, efficiency and tunability are the benefits of the proposed sensor, which makes it suitable for breast tumor detection in the THz band.

Performance analysis of dynamically controllable terahertz grounded coplanar waveguide attenuator based on graphene using wave concept iterative process method

In this paper, an efficient wave concept iterative process algorithm is proposed to analyze a dynamically controllable grounded coplanar waveguide attenuator based on graphene at terahertz frequencies. The proposed modeling technique of graphene is based on waves concept, that is based on redefining the boundary conditions (surface current and electric field) in terms of incident and reflected waves. The developed algorithm integrates both the interband and intraband conductivities without involving volumetric discretization. Therefore, it consumes less simulation time and computational resources. Numerical studies are conducted to validate the accuracy, speed, and usefulness of the proposed technique. Simulation results demonstrate that the interband term of the graphene conductivity has a significant effect and cannot be neglected in the simulation. The performance of the attenuator can be improved by controlling the chemical potential of graphene, which can achieve an attenuation range from 0.29 to 13.2 dB.

Design and analysis of two layers RLC network of rectangular topology by wave concept iterative process method

AbstractThe paper presents a theoretical study of a rectangular electrical network built on two layers. First, the auxiliary source notion is introduced for characterizing the potential difference over each electrical element, then the mathematical formalism of the Wave Concept Iterative Process method is developed and adopted to the studied circuit. The used method is based on the concept of the incident and reflected waves which are defined from the current and voltage at each branch of the circuit. Two relations connecting the waves are established into two definition domains: a spectral‐domain using the Kirchhoff laws and the auxiliary source connections and, another spatial defining the boundary conditions and the circuit design. Hence a two equations system is obtained and it is resolved by an iterative process, the transition between the two domains is ensured by the fast Fourier transform and its inverse. Moreover, the equivalent impedance between the feeding source and the nodes of the bottom layer has been calculated. Among the numerical simulation methods, this method has demonstrated its performances for analyzing various designs of the networks including RL, RC and RLC circuits excited by a lumped voltage source. The effect of the circuit parameters on the electrical currents and equivalent impedance has been studied.

Modeling of Magnetically Biased Graphene Coupler at Terahertz Frequency Through an Improved Anisotropic WCIP Method

This article presents an improved anisotropic wave concept iterative process (WCIP) algorithm for the analysis of a novel type of tunable graphene-based coupler at the terahertz band for different physical graphene parameters. Through the novel technique of implementation of the anisotropic boundary conditions in the WCIP method, we can integrate the anisotropic surface conductivity matrix into this algorithm without implying a volumetric discretization. Numerical examples are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the coupler can be controlled by varying the chemical potential and the magnetic field, and a little change was obtained with the variation of the relaxation time and the temperature of graphene.

The Wave Concept Iterative Process Method in Spherical Coordinates

In this paper, we present a global development of the iterative method WCIP in spherical coordinates, also some special parameters that we will interpreted.

WCIP method for multiple‐loop antennas around a spherical media

In this study, the wave concept iterative process method is developed in a spherical coordinate system in order to investigate the characteristic of multiple-loop antennas around a multilayer sphere. The analysis method is based on the incoming and outgoing waves defined from the tangential electromagnetic fields at the interfaces of the layers. The iterative process is governed by two systems of equations linking the waves in spectral and spatial domains. The toggling between the two domains is insured by the Legendre transformation. Numerical results consider single and multiple loops (both activated and parasitic loops) around a metallic sphere coated by one or several dielectric layers. The mutual coupling and the radiation characteristic of a loop excited by two feeding sources are analysed. The influence of parasitic loops on the return loss of the activated loop is extensively investigated including the number and the position of the loops on the sphere. The coupling sensitivity between two activated feeding sources is also investigated. The presented results agree very well with the simulation and the literature.

Tunable filter based on hybrid metal-graphene structures over an ultrawide terahertz band using an improved Wave Concept Iterative Process method

An improved Wave Concept Iterative Process method is used to simulate a tunable filter based on hybrid metal-graphene over an ultrawide terahertz band. To accurately model the graphene, both the interband and intraband conductivities are incorporated into the WCIP method by using the wave concept and the boundary conditions at the graphene sheet. The WCIP method reduces the time consumption and memory size since it was applied to the surface conductivity graphene directly without involving volumetric discretization. Simulation results show that the transmission and reflection coefficients of the proposed filter can be adequately adjusted by changing the chemical potential of graphene, and operating temperature. It also shows that the interband conductivity has an important effect on the performance of the graphene device, especially at the frequency band larger than 8 THz.

Characterization of the composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterial circuits using iterative method WCIP

A new study of right-handed and composite right/left-handed metamaterial transmission lines (TL) using their equivalent circuits and a new approach of the wave concept iterative process method is presented. This approach has the advantage of simulating all the periodic structures by only simulating one basic cell thanks to the surrounding periodic walls. A suitable choice of the cell length is necessary to work with the current as well as voltage and to approach the real behavior of the TL. The simulation results of these circuits, such as the calculation of current, voltage and the parameters S, helped to validate all the theoretical study.

Design of a Resonator Using Auxiliary Source by an Iterative Method WCIP

A new purpose of half wavelength resonator based on two-dimensional lumped elements transmission line model using auxiliary sources. A new approach of the WCIP (Wave Concept Iterative Process) method for the rigorous simulation of the behaviour of the resonator in two domains spatial and frequency is developed. Simulation results are agreed with the based theory of the resonator design.

Characterization of novel open notched quasi‐square metallic ring FSS using WCIP method for multiband applications

ABSTRACTA novel notched quasi‐square open metallic ring frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with single layer for triband applications is proposed. By the use of the wave concept iterative process (WCIP), the resonant characteristics of the proposed FSS are determined. The presented FSS shows three resonant frequencies when the incident wave is x‐polarized and one resonant frequency when the source is polarized in the orthogonal direction. A variation in the notched quasi‐square metallic ring dimensions allows a fine tuning in the FSS resonant frequencies to give raise to a tuned and enhanced bandwidth. Four FSS structures are manufactured and characterized. A good agreement is obtained when the WCIP results are compared with the simulations of COMSOL Multiphysics software and experiment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2071–2075, 2016

Wave Concept Iterative Process Method for Electromagnetic or Photonic Jets: Numerical and Experimental Results

In this paper, we report the numerical and experimental observations of electromagnetic or photonic jets created by a planar metallic waveguide filled with dielectric and terminated by an elliptical tip. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the wave concept iterative process (WCIP) method formulated in the spatial domain. The analyzed structure is excited by the fundamental transverse electric mode of the waveguide. The accuracy and efficiency of our program are investigated; the results of the radiated power density show a good agreement compared with those given by finite element method (FEM) simulation. The tangential electric field is computed along the elliptical tip interface and in its vicinity, i.e., in the exterior area. The parameters of the electromagnetic jet phenomenon are investigated according to the geometrical and physical characteristics of the proposed structure. Our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the measurements, indicating that the electromagnetic jet can also be obtained in the microwave field.

New combination SOC-WCIP method for the analyze of a low pass filter

The combination of the Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP) method combined with the Short-Open Calibration SOC technique to micro strip discontinuity is presented. This SOC technique is directly accommodated in the WCIP method. It is used to remove the unwanted parasitic errors brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage sources and the feed lines. The WCIP is formulated in such a way that the port voltages and currents are explicitly represented through relevant network matrices. The scattering parameters of the filter structure can be obtained through the development and the simulation. This result for micro strip discontinuities is compared with the conventional WCIP method. These instructions provide you guidelines for preparing papers for International Journal. Use this document as a template and as an instruction set. Key words: Short open calibration (SOC), wave concept iterative process (WCIP), micro strip discontinuity, third-order filter.